miR-210-5p对南极独角雪冰鱼心脏发育的作用机制研究

microRNA为短链非编码RNA,通过与靶基因3'UTR序列互补在转录后水平发挥作用。已有研究表明,microRNA在心脏发育过程中起着重要的调控作用。南极冰鱼因体内缺乏功能性血红细胞,其心脏出现了补偿性增生。前期的研究提示,独角雪冰鱼心脏中特异表达的microRNAs可能与冰鱼心脏的补偿性增生相关。本研究针对南极冰鱼心脏中高表达的miR-210-5p,运用斑马鱼显微注射、靶基因预测等手段研究了miR-210-5p对心脏发育的作用机制。结果表明:斑马鱼胚胎注射miR-210-5p后,出现心包膜水肿,心脏发育畸形等现象。qRT-PCR分析显示,过表达miR-210-5p的斑马鱼胚胎中,心脏发育相关的标志性基因bmp4、smad1、gata6以及tbx2b的表达水平下调。Western blotting分析发现,bmp/smad通路中的BMP2、BMP4、SMAD1、GATA6以及TBX2B的蛋白表达水平也显著下调。通过对tbx20基因3'UTR的靶基因生物信息学预测,以及对其进行GFP荧光表达分析,发现tbx20基因可能是miR-210-5p的一个靶基因。由此推测,miR-210-5p可能通过抑制tbx20基因的表达,并调控bmp/smad通路以抑制冰鱼心脏发育。     

氮肥运筹对弱筋小麦扬麦20产量和品质的影响

为探讨氮肥运筹对弱筋小麦扬麦20产量和品质的影响,指导扬麦20的大面积生产,研究了3种氮肥运筹模式下扬麦20的产量和品质表现。结果表明:1)在种植密度210万株·hm-2,总施氮量240kg·hm-2,基肥∶拔节肥=5∶5运筹模式下,扬麦20产量最高、品质较好,实现了高产、优质的协调;2)氮肥运筹对扬麦20穗数和每穗粒数影响较大,对千粒重影响不大。     

Expression of recombinant phytase of Bacillus subtilis E20 in Escherichia coli HMS 174 and improving the growth performance of white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei,juveniles by using phytase‐pretreated soybean meal‐containing diet

To produce a thermostable and neutral phytase (phy) of Bacillus subtilis E20 in Escherichia coli HMS174 and evaluate its efficiency in improving growth performance. The phy C of B. subtilis E20 was expressed in E. coli HMS 174, and then the 42‐kDa recombinant phy C was purified by Ni‐NAT and analysed by SDS–PAGE. The recombinant phy C had optimal ranges of pH of 6 ~ 7 and temperature of 50 ~ 60 °C. A thermostability analysis showed that the enzyme is a thermostable phytase, and around 33% of residual activity was detected after being incubated at 90 ~ 100 °C for 10 min. The recombinant phy C‐pretreated soybean meal for feed preparation improved white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, growth and feed efficiency. Overall, the neutral and thermostable phy C is suitable for aquafeed, and it is able to improve the nutritional utilization, resulting in enhanced shrimp growth and reduced feed costs.     

福建省16种蔬菜对锌毒害敏感性的研究

采用水培试验研究了福建省16种常见蔬菜幼苗对不同浓度锌(0.05、0.5、1、2、4、8、16mg·L-1和32mg·L-1)的敏感性。结果表明,黄瓜和空心菜的锌毒害表观症状最为明显,在添加Zn后第2d表现出严重的毒害症状,快白菜、早熟五号、莴笋、油麦菜、芥菜、胡萝卜症状表现最不明显,添加Zn最高浓度处理32mg·L-111d左右才出现轻微黄化现象。各蔬菜的地上部鲜重和根鲜重随营养液中锌浓度基本呈现先增加后降低的趋势,且与锌浓度呈现显著相关(快白菜的根鲜重除外)。黄瓜和早熟五号地上部鲜重的降低最显著,而茼蒿、胡萝卜、芥菜、快白菜地上部鲜重的降低最不显著。在症状表现和地上部鲜重降低显著的蔬菜种类中,选择地上部鲜重降低最显著(EC20值最小)的蔬菜作为对锌毒害最敏感的蔬菜品种,据此确定黄瓜为对锌毒害最敏感品种。     

海洋贝类提取物对血管平滑肌细胞增殖的影响

采用20％胎牛血清（FBS），碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF)所诱导的大鼠VSMCs增殖模型，观察了海洋贝类提取物（ESs)对血管平滑肌细胞（VSMCs)增殖的影响。将培养的5－8代细胞接种于96孔板，除正常组加入含0．4％FBS的M199培养液外，其他组均加入含20％FBS培养液（或含50ng/ml bFGF的0．4％FBS培养液），同时给药组分别加入含有25，50，100μl/ml浓度的ESs，孵育48h后，以细胞计数，结晶紫染色及MTT比色法VSMCc生长情况。结果表明，与模型组比较，ESs各剂量组VSMCs的增殖受到明显抑制（P＜0．05，P＜0．01）。ESs对20％FBS和bFGF所致的VSMCs增殖具有明显抑制作用，并存在剂量依赖关系。     

Using Bacillus subtilis E20‐fermented soybean meal as replacement for fish meal in the diet of orange‐spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides,Hamilton)

The potential of Bacillus subtilis E20‐fermented soybean meal (FSBM) as a partial alternative component of fish meal (FM) in fed diets of orange‐spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) was evaluated in this study. An FM‐based diet and seven diets containing 10%, 20% and 30% and 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of FM replaced by soybean meal (SBM) and FSBM, respectively, were fed to grouper for 84 days to evaluate possible substitution levels of FM by tracking growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and morphological changes in the liver and distal intestine. No significant differences in survival and muscle composition of grouper were found between controls and treatments. Growth performance and feed efficiency of fish fed diets with FM replaced by FSBM up to 30% were not significantly different from controls, whereas significantly decreased growth performance and feed efficiency occurred with diets containing >20% of SBM. Based on the feed efficiency, the maximum substituted levels of FM by SBM and FSBM in grouper diets were 18.36% and 29.32%, respectively, based on broken‐line analyses. Histopathological changes in the liver and distal intestine, and significantly lower activity levels of digestive enzymes, including pepsin in the stomach and trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase and lipase in the distal intestine, were found in fish fed a diet containing 30% of FM replaced by SBM. However, these parameters were improved by the substitution of FSBM. It is therefore believed that FSBM has great potential to be used as a protein source in grouper diets in partial replacement of FM.     

十字花科植物C2H2型锌指蛋白新基因BcMF20同源序列克隆与进化分析

为获取C2H2型锌指蛋白基因在物种间的分类和进化关系,分析其在基因结构上的保守性,更好地研究该基因在植物花粉发育中的功能,根据白菜花粉发育相关基因BcMF20 DNA序列设计引物,运用PCR技术分别从十字花科芸薹属和萝卜属18种材料中克隆了C2H2型锌指蛋白基因BcMF20的同源序列。经序列比对分析,BcMF20同源基...     

20世纪中国乡村林业变迁初探

论述了20世纪中国乡村林种与树种变迁及其发展热点,探讨了各时期发展乡村林业的异同措施和变迁机理。     

甜橙和柚中CTV强弱毒株系p20的遗传变异

【目的】对7个柑橘衰退病毒(CTV)株系进行遗传变异研究,明确寄主甜橙和柚中CTV强弱毒株系p20的变异水平。【方法】运用RT-PCR、克隆及测序等技术建立CTV p20种群,并借助MEGA6构建单倍型系统发育树,运用软件DNAStar对两种寄主中CTV强弱毒种群的遗传结构、变异水平进行分析,运用DnaSP软件对各种群进行单倍型多样性、核苷酸多样性分析和中性检验分析。【结果】构建了7个CTV p20种群,由162条序列构成,包含11个单倍型,单个种群有1个或更多单倍型出现。序列分析发现,来自不同种群的单倍型对应的原始核苷酸序列一致性为88.2%—100.0%,对应的氨基酸序列的一致性为92.3%—100.0%,最低的氨基酸序列一致性发生在CT23-1和CT9-2之间;其中单倍型PeraIAC-4、CT22和CT9-1共有50条序列,对应的原始核苷酸序列一致性为100.0%,属优势单倍型,与标准株系T36亲缘关系较近;单倍型多样性最丰富的是甜橙种群PeraIAC,单倍型多样性为0.800,而单倍型多样性最低的是柚种群CT22,单倍型多样性为0.170;相比柚种群的单倍型多样性(0.170—0.552)和核苷酸多样性(0.00032—0.05919),甜橙种群具有更为丰富的单倍型多样性(0.513—0.800)和核苷酸多样性(0.04208—0.05677)。系统发育树分析表明,来自甜橙的分离株种群结构复杂,甜橙种群中检测到的单倍型与标准株系T30、T36、VT和T3均有相关性;与标准株系T3相距很近的CT31-2与优势单倍型在系统发育树上距离最远,对应的原始核苷酸序列一致性仅为88.3%。中性检验结果表明,CTV甜橙种群趋于平衡或收缩状态,而CTV柚种群除CT23外则趋于扩张状态;其中TR-514Y、CT31和CT23种群的Tajima’s D值、Fu和Li’s D*值以及Fu和Li’s F*值均为正值且达到显著水平,而CT9种群的Tajima’s D值、Fu和Li’s D*值以及Fu和Li’s F*值均为负值且达到显著水平。运用DnaSP软件对各种群进行重组分析表明,在各种群中均未检测到重组事件发生。种群变异分析发现,各种群突变克隆百分比在0—30.8%,碱基突变频率在0—7.706×10~(-4),其中CTV甜橙强毒种群有最高的突变克隆百分比(30.8%),最高的碱基突变频率(7.706×10~(-4)),最多的碱基突变数量(11个)和最多的突变位点(7个);CTV甜橙弱毒种群的突变克隆百分比和碱基突变频率均明显低于甜橙强毒种群,CTV柚弱毒种群的突变克隆百分比和碱基突变频率略低于柚强毒种群。碱基突变类型分析发现碱基突变以碱基替代为主,其中A→G突变为优势类型,仅在柚强毒种群CT3的156和157位点间检测到一个碱基插入突变类型,为碱基A插入,未检测到碱基缺失突变类型。【结论】在寄主甜橙和柚中CTV强弱毒p20种群结构及变异存在差异,CTV甜橙种群有着更复杂的种群结构和更高的种群变异水平,且CTV强毒种群变异更大。     

PttGA20-氧化酶基因dsRNA抑止载体的构建(英文)

[Objective] Genetic Engineering technology was used to regulate the expression of PttGA20-oxidase gene thus restrained plant height growth and internode elongation for cultivating dwarfed plant.[Method] Based on the RNAi principle,the gene specific sequences of PttGA20-oxidase in the antisense and sense orientations interrupted by a gene sequence from GUS were cloned into a binary vector pBI121.The selection marker gene npt Ⅱ was replaced with bar gene to RNAi plasmid.[Result] After undergone different endonuclease restrictions,the constructed constraint vector released different segments whose sizes were similar to that of target segment,which demonstrated that the RNAi plasmid of PttGA20-oxidase gene was successfully constructed.[Conclusion] The experiment provided a new way for culturing dwarfed plant.