低浓度玉米小斑病菌C小种毒素培养滤液对玉米叶片过氧化物酶活性的诱导作用

分别用不同低浓度玉米小斑病菌C小种毒素培养滤液处理两种基因型(C103和B37)的同核异质系的玉米叶片,以提高玉米叶片内过氧化物酶(POD)的活性;结果说明:过氧化物酶的活性变化与植物抗病性呈正相关,低浓度C毒素培养滤液本身能够作为激发子来诱导玉米获得抗性,故低浓度C毒素培养滤液作为激发子来诱导玉米的系统获得性抗性具有一定的广适性。对CB37和CC103的处理中,1∶60处理组效果均表现为较好,POD酶活性最高。     

Microbial use of organic amendments in saline soils monitored by changes in the C/C ratio

An incubation experiment was carried out to investigate whether salinity at high pH has negative effects on microbial substrate use, i.e. the mineralization of the amendment to CO₂ and inorganic N and the incorporation of amendment C into microbial biomass C. In order to exploit natural differences in the ¹³C/¹²C ratio, substrate from two C₄ plants, i.e. highly decomposed and N-rich sugarcane filter cake and less decomposed N-poor maize leaf straw, were added to two alkaline Pakistani soils differing in salinity, which had previously been cultivated with C₃ plants. In soil 1, the additional CO₂ evolution was equivalent to 65% of the added amount in the maize straw treatment and to 35% in the filter cake treatment. In the more saline soil 2, the respective figures were 56% and 32%. The maize straw amendment led to an identical immobilization of approximately 48 μg N g⁻¹ soil over the 56-day incubation in both soils compared with the control soils. In the filter cake treatment, the amount of inorganic N immobilized was 8.5 μg N g⁻¹ higher in soil 1 than in soil 2 compared with the control soils. In the control treatment, the content of microbial biomass C₃-C in soil 1 was twice that in soil 2 throughout the incubation. This fraction declined by about 30% during the incubation in both soils. The two amendments replaced initially similar absolute amounts of the autochthonous microbial biomass C, i.e. 50% of the original microbial biomass C in soil 1 and almost 90% in soil 2. The highest contents of microbial biomass C₄-C were equivalent to 7% (filter cake) and 11% (maize straw) of the added C. In soil 2, the corresponding values were 14% lower. Increasing salinity had no direct negative effects on microbial substrate use in the present two soils. Consequently, the differences in soil microbial biomass contents are most likely caused indirectly by salinity-induced reduction in plant growth rather than directly by negative effects of salinity on soil microorganisms.     

黑龙江省大豆新品系双抗大豆灰斑病、疫霉病鉴定

2005年大豆灰斑病采用田间人工喷雾接种方法、大豆疫霉根腐病采用下胚轴伤口接种方法,对黑龙江省大豆新品系进行大豆灰斑病、疫霉根腐病抗性鉴定筛选研究,从中鉴定出5份抗大豆灰斑病、疫霉病的双抗资源,它们是:合00-23,建99-130,哈交98-5129,哈交20-5489,东农276,及一大批单抗灰斑病、疫霉根腐病的种质.并建立了比较全面的抗性调查评价体系.     

树皮内含物对香梨优斑螟寄主选择的影响

为了明确香梨优斑螟的寄主选择和寄主树皮内含物对寄主选择的影响,调查研究野外香梨优斑螟在不同寄主植物上的危害情况和室内幼虫的取食选择,并对寄主植物树皮中几种内含物含量与香梨优斑螟的寄主选择关系进行分析。结果表明:在野外,不同寄主植物的受害率、平均虫口数及最大虫口数,均为香梨树苹果树枣树,但枣树的蛹与幼虫的比值高于苹果;室内幼虫取食选择试验,幼虫对4种寄主植物的选择存在显著差异,香梨树枣树砀山梨树苹果树,推测枣树为香梨优斑螟潜在的高风险寄主。香梨优斑螟幼虫的寄主选择与单一的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、总糖、氨基酸和单宁含量均无显著相关,与4种树的碳氮比(r=-0.960,P0.05)和总酚含量(r=-0.900,P0.05)呈显著负相关,均衡的营养和较低的取食抑制物含量是香梨优斑螟选择寄主植物的标准。     

引种越桔果实中维生素E,SOD,氨基酸及无机元素含量

对从国外引种栽培的１０个越桔优良品种果实的成分分析表明，越桔果实中维生素Ｅ含量和超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性较高，分别在２．７～９．５μｇ／ｇ和（５．３９～５５．３９）×１６．６７×１０－９ｍｏｌ／ｓ；果实中无机元素Ｃａ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｐ、Ｚｎ含量较丰富；果实中含有１５种氨基酸，总氨基酸含量在１．０８５％～２．５４９％之间。不同品种之间，果实中营养成分含量差异较大。综合评价认为，越桔果实为一优良的名优稀特果品。     

红螯光壳螯虾组织蛋白酶L基因的克隆及维生素C对其表达的影响

为深入了解红螯光壳螯虾组织蛋白酶L基因的表达特性及维生素C对其表达的影响,实验利用RACE-PCR技术及荧光定量PCR技术,从红螯光壳螯虾肝胰腺中克隆得到组织蛋白酶L基因cDNA全长序列,命名为CqCatL(GenBank登录号:KJ913663),同时检测了该基因在红螯光壳螯虾各个组织及添加了不同浓度维生素C的组别中的表达。结果显示,该基因全长1 810 bp,开放阅读框长度为1 026 bp,编码341个氨基酸残基,预测的分子量和等电点(pI)分别为37.63 ku和5.17。同源性分析结果显示,该基因编码的蛋白与其他虾蟹类有较高的相似性,说明组织蛋白酶L基因在甲壳动物具有较高的保守性。组织荧光定量PCR结果显示,CqCatL基因在红螯光壳螯虾的多个组织中均有表达,其中肝胰腺中表达量最高,其次为血细胞,在肠及触角腺中也有一定量的表达。在基础饲料中添加不同水平的维生素C后,CqCatL基因的表达量也存在明显差异,其中维生素C添加量为400 mg/kg的组别中该基因的表达量最高。研究表明,组织蛋白酶L基因在红螯光壳螯虾的生长发育过程中有重要的作用,且其表达量受维生素C的影响。     

滇黄芩幼苗对增强UV-B辐射与干旱胁迫的生理响应

以滇黄芩(Scutellaria amoena C.H.Wright)幼苗为材料,采用盆栽试验,研究了模拟紫外线B波段(UV-B)增强辐射(280~320 nm)和干旱胁迫对滇黄芩幼苗叶片中的丙二醛(MDA)含量、抗氧化酶(SOD、CAT、APX、GR)活性、游离脯氨酸和可溶性糖及类黄酮含量的影响;应用隶属函数值法,对单一胁迫与复合胁迫下的滇黄芩幼苗抗逆性进行综合评价。结果表明,增强UV-B辐射后植株体内的类黄酮含量、抗氧化酶活性、可溶性糖与游离脯氨酸含量均显著增加,MDA含量呈先升后降的变化趋势;干旱胁迫下植株体内SOD和CAT活性始终低于对照,MDA含量显著增加,SOD、APX、GR活性以及游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖、类黄酮含量呈先升后降的变化趋势。增强UV-B辐射与干旱复合胁迫对滇黄芩幼苗的影响,一方面表现为增强UV-B辐射与干旱协同促进了游离脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量的提高(处理20~30 d);另一方面表现为增强UV-B辐射削弱了干旱对滇黄芩幼苗造成的伤害,植株体内的抗氧化酶活性逐渐恢复或超过正常水平,类黄酮含量显著升高,使胁迫后期(30~40 d)的MDA含量下降。经隶属函数值法分析,得出滇黄芩幼苗的抗逆能力在4个处理里由高到低的顺序依次为增强UV-B辐射、增强UV-B辐射与干旱复合胁迫、对照、干旱胁迫。     

油料作物维生素E含量的研究进展

介绍了维生素E的类型、来源及理化性质;概述了生育酚在油料作物中的含量、组成及遗传变异研究进展和生育酚相关基因的研究动态;展望了提高油料作物维生素E含量的发展前景。     

白菜型油菜与小白菜的品质比较

对 4个白菜型油菜品系和 4个小白菜品种的品质进行了分析 ,结果表明 :白菜型油菜Vc含量和粗蛋白质含量均高于小白菜 ;可溶性糖含量与小白菜相当 ;有机酸含量略高于小白菜     

玉米自交系C8605-2在种质改良中的应用

C8605-2是国内表现优秀骨干自交系之一,在新品种选育和种质改良中都得到了广泛应用。它的研究和利用对丰富和发展我国种质资源将起到极大促进作用。