能见度自动观测和人工目测的对比分析

通过对能见度人工目测和自动观测方法、观测数据和影响因素的分析,认为自动能见度仪观测到的数据更为客观,更具科学性,避免了人为误差,提高了工作效率。为获得准确的观测数据,应对自动观测仪器按照规范及时进行维护。     

Visual Foxpro中提高程序性能的技巧

在设计和运行应用程序时,一般都希望应用程序能够发挥最佳性能。本文介绍了在Visual Foxpro中提高程序性能的一些技巧。     

基于Visual MODFLOW模型的地下水资源评价

本文在对试验区水文地质、边界条件等分析确定的基础上,运用实测资料对Visual modflow模型进行了识别,并对试验区的地下水资源进行了评价.评价结果认为：三湖河的侧向补给是试验区地下水的主要补给来源之一,区域地下水开采应慎重.     

Drought damage in the park forests of the city of Helsinki

During spring and summer 2003 severe drought-caused damage was observed in the park forests of the city of Helsinki; especially in barren site pine and spruce stands. The objectives of this study were to map and document the extent of the damage through the use of existing geographical information, digital aerial photography and field surveys and to examine the feasibility of assessing drought damage by visual interpretation of digital aerial photography. Our aim was also to assess the reasons for drought damage in Helsinki city park forests using geographic information system (GIS) analyses of existing interpretative and geographical data, i.e. digital aerial photographs, rainfall statistics and the compartmentwise GIS database of the park forest site and soil types.The total amount of area falling into serious damage classes represented approximately 25 ha (the total forested area in Helsinki is about 3700 ha). A majority of these areas were located on rocky sites having low stem volumes. The total proportion of damaged stock volume was estimated as 17 300 m³, which is 3.3% of the total stock volume in the study area. An accuracy assessment showed that visual interpretation of digital aerial photos is an excellent tool for assessing drought damage. The mean estimation error was 0.7 classes, and errors comprising 2 classes were found in all test grids. The overall correct percentage of photointerpretation was 46%, and estimation was unbiased (kappa 0.264). The forest site and soil type together with the tree species on site showed the greatest correlation with drought damage. The drier and more barren the site, the more likely that damage will occur. Roadside forests were in better condition than areas located further off the roads. Hills clearly impacted the condition of the trees through soil type and flow.     

基于SPOT5森林资源二类调查目视解译的探讨

以重庆市彭水土家族苗族自治县为试验区,对森林资源二类调查目视解译的技术进行探讨,并对比分析计算机自动解译相对于目视解译的不足。森林资源目视判读存在很多人为主观性,常产生一些误差,而SPOT5遥感影像具有高空间分辨率和多光谱分辨率,可提供丰富、可靠、高精度的基础数据。     

基于VB与Googleearth插件的广西百色市森林防火地理信息系统的设计与构建

基于百色市市、县、国有林场森林防火工作的需求,从森林防火指挥需要出发,以森林资源多源数据（国家防火网热点监测数据、红外遥感影像、Google地图、地面调查数据和防火资源数据等）为基础,对森林防火地理信息系统的技术构架进行了设计,对系统设计中的若干关键技术进行分析,并提出了解决方案。     

基于科学知识图谱谈土壤有机碳研究进展

以"土壤有机碳"为主题词,从ISI Web of Science数据库核心集中检索出1975—2018年文献2 258篇,运用CiteSpace知识图谱分析工具,对合著国家、作者、机构、学科领域、文献共被引网络以及关键词共现网络等进行可视化分析,对土壤有机碳的研究进展及演变趋势进行了图谱解读和追踪分析。结果表明:(1)土壤有机碳研究经历了起步、发展、稳定三个阶段;(2)土壤有机碳研究具有很强的学科交叉性,涉及环境生态学、环境科学、农业综合、农艺学、化学、农学及生态学等众多学科领域;(3)当前的研究方向主要为土壤有机碳储量与稳定土分离;(4)研究趋势已转为碳储量与耕地管理研究;(5)中国土壤有机碳研究起步较晚但发展迅速,在国际上处于重要地位。     

两种可视化搜索引擎的比较研究

可视化搜索引擎被称为下一代搜索引擎,因其实现了检索结果的可视化表达、具有传统搜索引擎无法比拟的优势。本文选择了目前最典型的两种可视化搜索引擎Kartoo和Mooter,对其用户界面、检索功能、检索效果等进行了比较研究,并在此基础上指出目前这两种搜索引擎存在的主要问题,提出可视化搜索引擎发展的一些建议。     

虚拟实验技术及其在实验教学中的应用

随着虚拟实验技术的飞速发展和普遍应用,利用虚拟实验技术进行实验教学已成为一种趋势。本文从分析虚拟实验技术的理论基础出发,阐述了虚拟实验技术的分类,论述了它在实验教学中的重要意义,并对虚拟实验技术在实验教学中的应用进行了探索。     

Mapping hotspots of multiple landscape functions: a case study on farmland afforestation in Scotland

Many conservation and restoration efforts in developed countries are increasingly based on the premise of recognising and stimulating more ‘multi-functionality’ in agricultural landscapes. Public policy making is often a pragmatic process that involves efforts to negotiate trade-offs between the potentially conflicting demands of various stakeholders. Conservationists’ efforts to influence policy making, can therefore benefit from any tool that will help them to identify other socio-economic functions or values that coincide with good ecological conservation options. Various types of socio-economic objectives have in recent years been mapped across landscapes and so there are now important opportunities to explore the spatial heterogeneity of these diverse functions across the wider landscape in search of potential spatial synergies, i.e. ‘multiple win locations’ or multifunctional ‘hotspots’. This paper explores the potential occurrence of such synergies within the agricultural landscape of northeast Scotland and evaluates an existing woodland planting policy using and combining three different policy objectives. Our results show that there are indeed broad areas of the studied landscape where multiple objectives (biodiversity, visual amenity and on-site recreation potential) could be achieved simultaneously (hotspots), and that the case study which we evaluate (the Farm Woodland Premium Scheme) could be much better spatially targeted with regards to each individual objective as well as with regards to these hotspots of multifunctionality.