Sensitivity analysis of soil hydrologic parameters for two crop growth simulation models

Soil characteristics are some of the most important inputs in crop simulation models like CERES-Maize and MACROS models under field conditions. A sensitivity analysis of these models was carried out for 1995 and 1996 by incorporating changes (+2, +4, +6, −2, −4, and −6%) of the measured values of three basic soil input parameters: wilting point (WP), saturated soil water content (FS) and field capacity (FC). For this purpose, eight soil profile layers were chosen for CERES-Maize and three for the MACROS model. The MACROS model was found to have a higher degree of sensitivity to changes in the relevant soil parameters than the CERES-Maize model, especially for WP. For the MACROS model, an earlier end of the growing period (75 days) for maize at the +6% level for WP was simulated in 1995 as against 152 days for the CERES-Maize model. The yield in 1995 due to 6% increase in WP resulted in a decrease of about 35% yield when CERES-Maize model was used. In 1996 the increase in WP by 6% resulted in decrease of yield by 22.5 and by 0.9% for MACROS and CERES-Maize models, respectively. When WP was decreased by 6% then the yield was found to increase by about 20.4 and 12.0% for MACROS and CERES-Maize models, respectively in 1995. In 1996 the same alteration of WP caused the yield to increase by about 5.7 and 0.7% for MACROS and CERES-Maize models. Alteration of the model's remaining parameters showed a negligible influence on yields for both the models.     

酶法制备猕猴桃渣膳食纤维工艺研究

猕猴桃渣是一种良好的膳食纤维生产原料.而猕猴桃加工业每年产生的果渣约有3万t,其中果汁加工业的浪费现象更为明显.为了提高原料的利用率和附加值,通过单因素试验和正交试验,以膨胀力为评价指标,确定了酶法制备猕猴桃渣膳食纤维的最佳工艺条件.试验结果显示的最佳工艺条件为:料液比为1:20,先以用量为0.40%的淀粉酶在65 C、pH值为6.0的条件下处理80 min,再用0.4%的蛋白酶在50℃、pH值为3.0的条件下处理60 rain.试验所得膳食纤维膨胀力为7.05 mL·g-1.     

乙醇水溶液提取樟树叶活性成分工艺及其成分分析

以樟树叶提取率为响应值,采用单因素试验和响应面法对提取时间、提取温度、液料比和乙醇体积分数4个影响因素进行优化选择,确定最优工艺参数;而后利用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法对所得提取物进行成分分析。结果表明:各因素对樟树叶提取率的影响由大到小依次为液料比、提取时间、提取温度、乙醇体积分数,其中液料比属极显著影响因素;樟树叶提取最优工艺参数为乙醇体积分数45%,提取温度58℃,提取时间78 min,液料比16(m L)∶1(g),平均提取率达到19.33%;提取的樟树叶提取物中含有大量醇烯化合物,其中异丁香酚甲醚(18.42%)、芳樟醇(11.59%)、反式-橙花叔醇(10.40%)、丁香酚甲醚(6.37%)等都是经济价值较高的化合物。     

南方纸质水果套袋技术参数探讨及套袋选择

我国南方气候高温高湿风大,对水果套袋用纸有较高的要求。通过对南方水果套袋用纸纸浆成分、厚度、色度、透气度、撕裂度、湿强度及疏水性等主要技术参数分析,提出了适用于南方气候条件下梨、枇杷、荔枝、芒果、葡萄、柚子、橙子等水果套袋产品的技术指标,以及鉴别套袋质量的简易方法。     

林木工厂化育苗盘起苗设备的研制

介绍了林木工厂化育苗盘起苗设备的结构及工作原理、主要技术参数和特点,以及育苗盘起苗设备在林木育苗生产中的应用.     

氨气对肉鸡生产性能、血液常规指标和腹水症发生率的影响

为探讨氨气对肉鸡生产性能、血常规指标和腹水症发生率的影响。试验选择240只1日龄AA肉公鸡,随机分成4个处理组,每个处理组设6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。各处理组试验肉鸡分别饲养在4个独立的、但环境可控制的实验舱内。4个环控仓氨气浓度设计:0～3周龄分别为0、13、26mg/kg和52mg/kg;3～6周龄分别依次调整为0、26、52mg/kg和80mg/kg。结果表明:氨气浓度对0～3周龄肉鸡的日增重、日采食量和死亡率均无显著影响(P>0.05),但52mg/kg氨气组可显著降低饲料转化效率(P<0.05);在3～6周龄,80mg/kg氨气组可显著降低肉鸡的日增重和日采食量(P<0.05),饲料转化率和死亡率在数值上随氨气浓度的提高有上升趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。氨气浓度对3周龄和6周龄肉鸡血常规,6周龄肉鸡心脏指数和腹水发生率均无显著影响(P>0.05),但红细胞数量、红细胞压积和红细胞平均体积随氨气浓度的提高在数量上有所增加。高浓度氨气(80mg/kg)有诱导肉鸡腹水症发生的趋势。综合考虑氨气浓度和肉鸡生产性能变化趋势,现代肉鸡在0～3周龄舍内氨气浓度应不超过13mg/kg,在3～6周龄氨气浓度应不超过20mg/kg。     

马尾松数量性状相关遗传参数的多元分析与比较

对马尾松数量性状 3种相关遗传参数的多元分析结果表明 ,分枝类型在马尾松的选择中有一定意义     

Acute toxicity of organophosphorous pesticide diazinon and its effects on behavior and some hematological parameters of fingerling European catfish (Silurus glanis L.)

Diazinon is commonly used for pest control in the agricultural fields surrounding freshwater reservoirs. So this study was conducted to determine the acute toxicity of this organophosphorous pesticide, contaminating aquatic ecosystems as a pollutant, and its effects on behavior, and some hematological parameters of fingerling European catfish, Silurus glanis. Diazinon was applied at concentrations of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 mg L⁻¹. The water temperature in the experimental units was kept at 16 ± 1 °C. The number of dead fishes significantly increased in response to diazinon concentrations 2-64 mg L⁻¹ (p < 0.05). With increasing diazinon concentrations, the fishes exposed duration 1 to 96 h significantly increased the number of dead fishes (p < 0.05 for each cases). The 1, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h LC₅₀ values (with 95% confidence limits) of diazinon for fingerling European catfish were estimated as 14.597 (12.985-16.340), 12.487 (11.079-14.471), 8.932 (7.907-10.348), 6.326 (no data because of p > 0.05), and 4.142 (no data because of p > 0.05) mg L⁻¹, respectively. Compared to the control specimens, fish after an acute exposure to diazinon was significantly lower erythrocyte, leukocyte, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCH, and MCHC values (p < 0.05). In addition, it was also showed a significantly negative correlation between these hematological parameters and exposure times of diazinon (p < 0.01).     

甘氨酸铁对断奶仔猪血清氧化酶活力及生化指标的影响

试验研究甘氨酸铁对断奶仔猪抗氧化能力及血清生化指标的影响,并初步探讨其作用机理。选用180头体重7.5kg左右的"杜长大"三元杂交仔猪,分为6个处理组,分别饲喂0、30、60、90、120mg/kg甘氨酸铁和120mg/kg硫酸亚铁,试验期5周。结果表明:饲粮中添加甘氨酸铁,均不同程度的提高了血清中SDH、CAT、XOD和AKP的酶活,降低了血尿氮(SUN)、Ca和P含量。由此可知,甘氨酸铁可以影响仔猪机体抗氧化能力和血清生化指标,在一定程度上改善仔猪的生产性能。