Estimation of genetic and crossbreeding parameters for daily milk yield of Ayrshire × Sahiwal × Ankole crossbred cows in Burundi

The pedigree of 317 cows of which 184 were controlled for milk production has been used to estimate crossbreeding parameters for daily milk yield of Ayrshire, Sahiwal and Ankole crosses in the Mahwa station. Lactating cows belonged to one of 6 different genetic groups defined on the basis of the mating system used to produce them. REML estimates of the genetic parameters were obtained with a repeated animal model using daily milk records. Estimated heritability (h²) and repeatability (r²) were 0.27 and 0.36, respectively. The genetic group effects were used to estimate crossbreeding parameters following Dickerson's genetic model. Estimates for the additive effects for daily milk yield of Ankole, Sahiwal and Ayrshire breeds were − 1.66l, − 0.48l and 5.22l, respectively. Estimates of direct heterosis for daily milk yield for Sahiwal × Ankole, Ayrshire × Ankole, and Ayrshire × Sahiwal crosses were 1.97l, 2.30l and − 2.33l, respectively.     

一种基于神经网络的结构参数识别方法

提出了一种基于神经网络的结构参数识别方法，该方法以残余力向量作为结构参数识别的网络输入。针对训练样本在数据空间分布不均匀的问题，采用ＧＳＬ变换对训练样本数据进行预处理。从而提高了网络收敛速度及参数识别精度。本文算例说明了方法的有效性。     

不同草莓品种的抑制栽培

选用6个草莓品种的大苗和小苗(大苗根茎>0.7 cm、三叶以上一心;小苗根茎≤0.7 cm、两叶一心)为材料,在0℃冷库中冷藏5个月后,分3批定植于大棚中(定植时间分别为7月30日、8月10日和8月20日),观测不同品种植株的成活率、营养生长状况、物候期、生理指标、果实营养品质及产量,结果表明:宝交早生大苗的成活率高达99.20%、营养生长状况好、物候期早、果实营养品质好、产量高,其单株产量比全明星小苗的高158.69%,为适宜的草莓抑制栽培品种;8月20日为草莓抑制栽培适宜的定植期;随着定植时间的推移,同一种草莓苗的根系活力、叶绿素含量逐渐增加,相对电导率、游离脯氨酸含量和丙二醛含量逐渐减少;每个品种均表现出大苗要优于小苗,大苗的产量比小苗的高72.09%～168.77%.     

轻杂物吸风装置参数的试验与研究

采用二次回归正交试验法，建立了轻杂物吸风装置的性能试验指标与吸风口形状、吸风口离地高度、吸风口与地面倾角关系的数学模型，并在此基础上分析了吸风口形状参数对试验指标的影响，优化出了最佳工作参数。最后对吸风口进口流场进行了分析，研究结果可供设计各类气力输送装置中吸风口时参考。     

混凝土模板用复合竹碎料板工艺研究

用正交试验法研究了施胶量、热压温度和热压时间3个因素对复合竹碎料板物理力学性能的综合影响．结果表明：热压温度是影响板材物理力学性能的主要因素．较佳工艺参数为，施政量12％，热压温度150℃，热压时间22min，板材物理力学性能能满足混凝土模板材料性能的需要．     

Morphological disparities in the epidermal and anatomical features of the leaf among wild Brassica juncea populations

In the present article, we investigated the epidermal and anatomical features of 10 wild Brassica juncea populations with different susceptibilities to glyphosate in detail. The characteristics of the leaf surface and anatomy could affect the efficacy of glyphosate uptake in weeds through the influence of its adherence and penetration. Our results showed that herbicide-resistant wild populations generally had greater leaf thickness, adaxial cutin thickness, and trichome density in the upper epidermis, but lower spongy tissue thickness and vascular bundle numbers, as compared with the susceptible populations, suggesting that differences in morphological traits among populations might contribute to their variable response to glyphosate. The possible morphological involvement in the differential susceptibility of wild B. juncea populations to glyphosate also was discussed.     

不同基因型小麦品种光合色素及抗衰老酶活性的比较

在大田条件下研究了不同多穗型小麦旗叶光合色素含量、叶片抗衰老酶活性及籽粒灌浆参数的差异,为小麦的高产超高产栽培提供一定的理论依据。结果表明,不同多穗型小麦品种叶绿素a含量和叶绿素b含量差异显著,类胡萝卜素含量差异不明显。不同多穗型小麦产量差异显著,烟农24、烟农22、烟2415、烟农21产量分别比鲁麦21提高19.3%、12.6%、12.5%、8.1%。各基因型小麦穗粒数差异不明显。不同基因型小麦SOD、POD、CAT活性差异显著。烟农24 SOD活性较高,烟农21 POD活性最高,烟农22 CAT活性最高。     

小型饲料搅拌机和平模颗粒机组合使用制备颗粒饲料的工艺研究

[目的] 研究JB-300型精饲料搅拌机和300型平模颗粒机组合使用制备牛羊精补料颗粒饲料的最佳工艺参数。[方法] 测定不同搅拌时间、装载系数对饲料混合均匀度的影响;确定搅拌混合工艺参数的基础上,测定不同玉米粉碎粒度、水分含量对颗粒饲料成型率的影响。以模孔直径、玉米粉碎粒度和水分含量为测定因素,以成型率和硬度的综合加权评分值为指标,确定制备颗粒饲料的最优组合参数。[结果] 搅拌时间为10 min、20 min的变异系数均显著（P<0.05）低于搅拌5 min和15 min。装载系数为80%时,变异系数显著（P<0.05）低于装载系数为70%和60%。玉米粉碎粒度为2 mm和4 mm时,颗粒饲料成型率显著（P<0.05）高于玉米粉碎粒度为6 mm和8 mm。水分含量为10%和13%时,颗粒饲料成型率显著（P<0.05）高于水分含量为16%和19%。影响正交试验综合加权平均分值的模孔直径、玉米粉碎粒度、水分含量的极差分别为18.76、1.64和3.47。[结论] JB—300型精饲料搅拌机混合饲料最佳参数：装载系数为80%、搅拌时间为10 min;300型平模颗粒机制作精补料颗粒饲料最佳参数：模孔直径为4 mm（压缩比为6）、玉米粉碎粒度为4 mm、水分含量为13%。     

杉木无性系与环境的交互效应及其稳定性研究

49个杉木无性系、4个点10年生测定结果表明,杉木无性系与环境的交互效应极其显著。不同无性系在不同环境条件下表现出来的交的交互效应的大小具体反映在稳定度的高低。根据交互效应得出的稳定参数,对49个杉木无性系进行分类,确定了不同无性系的类型和适生范围。     

Power spectrum density and experimental modal analysis of wide belt sander applied in domestic wood industry

This paper took the upper-lower wide belt sander B229 with four-feet wide belts, manufactured in China, as the study target. By means of framework dynamic design, we study its vibration characteristics by commencing from the place having horizontal defects and used experimental modal analysis (EMA) and power spectrum density (PSD) to observe the sanding parts and the whole machine, respectively. In the modal test, we mainly adopted the cross spots testing method to get the frequency response function of the fixed spots to every excitation vibration spot, then applied the SISO frequency response function and the frequency response function fitting method to identify and complete parameter recognition, respectively. The typical frequency response function chart of the whole machine and its sanding parts, as well as its second-order mode charts of contacting roller, were obtained. Through PSD analysis, we can get the amplitude-frequency spectrum and drive frequency. Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2005, 41(6): 132–137 [译自: 林业科学]