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脲酶/硝化抑制剂对土壤脲酶活性、有效态氮及春小麦产量的影响 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
通过田间随机区组试验,就缓释尿素对土壤脲酶活性,土壤有效态氮及小麦产量的影响进行了研究。本试验设置4个处理,1)普通尿素(U);2)U+脲酶抑制剂LNS(SRU1);3)SRU1+硝化抑制剂双氰胺(DCD)(SRU2);4)SRU1+硝化抑制剂3,5-二甲基吡唑(DMP)(SRU3)。结果表明,在整个春小麦(TriticumaestivumL.)生育期内,SRU1、SRU2和SRU3处理的土壤脲酶活性低于U处理,且SRU2、SRU3处理的土壤NH4+-N含量在较长时间内维持在较高水平;小麦成熟期,SRU1、SUR2和SRU3处理土壤有效态N含量显著高于U处理(p<0.05);SRU1、SRU2、SRU3处理小麦的生物学性状和产量略高于U处理,但是处理间没有显著差异。 相似文献
13.
[目的]为评价百草枯对土壤环境质量的影响提供依据。[方法]取河南工业大学校区草地0~30 cm土样,过筛混匀。分别用0(对照)、100、200、500、1 000μg/g百草枯溶液处理土样,然后在25℃条件下恒温培养,培养2、6、12、20、30、45、60 d时测定土样脲酶和磷酸酶的活性。[结果]百草枯对土壤脲酶活性有抑制作用,且浓度越大抑制作用越强,100μg/g百草枯处理20 d对土壤脲酶活性的抑制率为4.5%,而1 000μg/g百草枯处理2 d对土壤脲酶活性的抑制率可达60.45%;百草枯对土壤磷酸酶活性具有先抑制后刺激作用,500μg/g百草枯处理30 d后土壤磷酸酶的活性为对照的126%。[结论]百草枯可在较大程度上影响土壤脲酶和磷酸酶的活性。 相似文献
14.
为了研究热处理的温度和时间对黑豆干物质消化率(DMD)、蛋白质消化率(PD)及脲酶活性的影响规律,对经过110℃和121℃下分别处理3,9和15min的饲用黑豆进行了离体干物质消化率和离体蛋白质消化率及脲酶活性的测定。结果表明:在121℃处理15min的样本干物质消化率和蛋白质消化率最高,分别为75.13%,90.91%,脲酶活性最低,为0.04mg/min·g。作者认为:在本研究范围内,湿热处理最适宜的温度是121℃,时间是15min。 相似文献
15.
脲酶测定法判定豆浆抗营养因子热失活情况研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
大豆抗营养因子的主要成分是胰蛋白酶抑制剂,在大豆制品加工过程中,通常采用高温加热钝化的方法使胰蛋白酶抑制剂失去活性。豆浆是人们日常生活中喜欢的饮品之一,因为脲酶测定方法比较简单,目前多以加热钝化后豆浆脲酶活性来表示抗营养因子的去除情况。本研究通过测定豆浆中胰蛋白酶抑制剂和脲酶的活性研究豆浆加热过程中二者失活是否具有一致性,判定以脲酶活性来体现豆浆安全的科学性,同时通过豆浆加热程度与胰蛋白酶抑制剂失活情况的关系,对家庭豆浆制作提供一种安全的加热模式。 相似文献
16.
脲酶抑制剂对绵羊瘤胃发酵特性的影响 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
选用 12只瘘管公羊研究氢醌对瘤胃发酵特性的影响。以始重为区组 ,随机将动物分成 4个处理组 ,即在全混合日粮中分别添加 0、2 0、4 0和 80mg/kg氢醌 (干物质基础 )。在采食后 0、2、4、6和 8小时采集瘤胃液样本立即测定瘤胃液的氨浓度和pH值 ,随后测定挥发性脂肪酸和尿素氮含量。不同采样点的瘤胃液pH值不受添加氢醌的影响。在采食后 2小时 ,喂含有氢醌日粮的各试验组瘤胃氨的浓度比对照组低近一半 (P <0 .0 5 )。在 0、6、8小时各处理组NH3 的浓度差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 )。在采食后 4小时 ,除 80mg/kg组外 ,各试验组氨的浓度与对照组相比 ,差异不显著(P >0 .0 5 )。随着氢醌添加水平的增加 ,对尿素水解的抑制作用增强 ,结果导致尿素在瘤胃中积累的增加 ,这和氨的浓度在不同时间点随氢醌添加水平增加而相应减少的变化趋势是相对应的。日粮中添加 2 0 ,4 0和 80mg/kg氢醌的各处理组乙酸、丙酸和丁酸的总产量分别比对照组提高 2 5 %、4 0 %和 2 6 % ,均达到显著水平 (P <0 .0 5 )。 相似文献
17.
J. P. Narain Rai 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1992,13(3):187-191
Summary The effects of 15 years of field applications of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetate (2,4-D) on soil microbial population and biochemical processes were studied in a field cropped with maize followed by potatoes. Amine or ester formulations at the rate of 0.95 kg 2,4-D per hectare applied in May and October every year. Fungal, bacterial, and actinomycete populations, and microbial biomass C and N were reduced by the 2,4-D treatment, the reduction being more marked where the ester was used. N mineralization, nitrification, and potentially mineralizable N were reduced by the 2,4-D ester only, while urease activity was depressed by both formulations. Dehydrogenase activity and soil microbial respiration tended to be temporarily increased by the amine, but were reduced substantially by the ester, indicating that the ester probably interfered with nutrient cycling. 相似文献
18.
Effect of tillage and residue management on enzyme activities in soils 总被引:14,自引:3,他引:14
Recent interest in soil tillage and residue management has focused on low-input sustainable agriculture. In this study we investigated the effect of three tillage systems (no-till, chisel plow, and moldboard plow) and four residue placements (bare, normal, mulch, and double mulch) on the activities of four amidohydrolases (amidase, L-asparaginase, L-glutaminase, and urease) in soils from four replicated field-plots. Correlation coefficients (r) for linear regressions between the activities of each of the enzymes and organic C or pH and between all possible paired amidohydrolases were also calculated. The results showed that the effects of tillage and residue management on pH in the 28 surface soil (0–15 cm) samples were not significant. The organic C content, however, was affected significantly by the different tillage and residue-management practices studied, being the greatest in soils with notill/double mulch treatment, and the least with no-till/bare and moldboard/normal treatments. Within the same tillage system, mulch treatment resulted in greater organic C content compared with normal or bare treatment. The activities of the amidohydrolases studied were generally greater in mulch-treated plots than in non-treated plots, and were significantly correlated with organic C contents of soils, with r values ranging from 0.70*** to 0.90***. Linear regression analyses of enzyme activities on pH values (in 0.01 M CaCl2) of the 28 surface soils showed significant correlations for L-asparaginase, L-glutaminase, and urease, with r values of 0.74***, 0.77***, and 0.72***, respectively, but not for amidase (r=0.24). The activities of the four amidohydrolases studied in the 40 soil samples tested were significantly intercorrelated, with r values ranging from 0.72*** to 0.92***. The activities of the four amidohydrolases decreased with increasing soil depth of the plow layer, and were accompanied by a decrease in organic C content. 相似文献
19.
A study was conducted to investigate the relationship between urease activity and some physical, chemical, and microbiological properties of soils from central Iran. Inhibitory effects of Cr, Cd, and Pb on urease activity were also studied. Results indicated that no significant difference was observed between urease activity of field-moist and air-dried soils. Soil organic C and total N correlated highly significantly with urease activity, with r values of 0.899*** and 0.797***, respectively. There was also a significant correlation between urease activity and the number of bacteria grown on urea-agar media, with r value of 0.470*. A significant negative correlation (r =–0.492*) was observed between urease activity and electrical conductivity of saturation paste extracts. There were no significant correlations between urease activity and soil textural properties, pH, calcium carbonate equivalent, cation exchange capacity, and populations of soil bacteria on nutrient agar and population of soil fungi on potato dextrose agar. Both Cd and Pb inhibited urease activity to a similar extent and to a greater extent than did Cr. 相似文献
20.