用复合酶酶解-热水浸提法提取裙带菜孢子叶粉岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的工艺研究

采用正交试验方法,研究了用戊聚糖复合酶及复合纤维素酶酶解—热水浸提法提取裙带菜Undariapinnatifida孢子叶粉中岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的酶解工艺参数。结果表明:用戊聚糖复合酶酶解裙带菜孢子叶粉的最佳酶解参数为酶加量0.12%,温度为50℃,pH为5.5,时间为30 min,岩藻聚糖硫酸酯粗提物得率为5.171%,总硫酸根的质量分数为1.432%,粗提物中糖的质量分数为21.38%;用复合纤维素酶酶解裙带菜孢子叶粉的最佳酶解参数为酶加量0.227%,温度为45℃,pH为4.5,时间为70 min,岩藻聚糖硫酸酯粗提物得率为5.720%,总硫酸根的质量分数为1.118%,粗提物中糖的质量分数为28.24%。用两种复合酶酶解—热水浸提法提取的岩藻聚糖硫酸酯粗提物得率均较水煮法(4.665%)高。     

裙带菜孢子体溃烂病原鉴定及病因分析

为探究大连市龙王塘和铁山增养殖海域养殖裙带菜Undaria pinnatifida孢子体出现溃烂的原因,利用细菌分离及分子生物学方法,从海域养殖裙带菜溃烂的孢子体中分离纯化得到2株优势菌株(编号分别为LH43和LQ2),通过人工感染试验证实,分离菌株能够使裙带菜孢子体出现溃烂并分解藻体,且与自然发病相似,LH43较LQ...     

Growth performance and the soft body composition of juvenile abalone,Haliotis discus,Reeve 1846, fed the extruded pellets substituting fish meal and macroalgae with tunic meal of sea squirt,Halocynthia roretzi

Growth performance and the soft body composition of juvenile abalone fed the extruded pellets (EPs) substituting fish meal (FM) and macroalgae (MA) with tunic meal of sea squirt (SS) was investigated. A total of 1,260 abalone were distributed into 18 containers. Six experimental diets were prepared in triplicate. Five diets were pelletized by an extruder pelleter. The 140 g/kg FM and 250 g/kg mixture of MA were included into the control (Con) diet. Five hundred and 1,000 g/kg of each FM and MA were substituted with an equal amount of tunic meal of SS, referred to as the FM50, FM0, MA50 and MA0 diets, respectively. Finally, dry Undaria pinnatifida was prepared. Weight gain and specific growth rate of abalone fed all EPs were greater than those fed U. pinnatifida. Weight gain of abalone fed MA50 and FM50 diets was greater than Con and FM0 diets, but not different from MA0 diet. Higher crude protein and lipid contents were observed in soft body of abalone fed all EPs compared to U. pinnatifida. In conclusion, FM and MA up to 500 and 1,000 g/kg, respectively, could be replaced with tunic meal of SS in EPs without retardation in growth of abalone.     

高温胁迫对裙带菜配子体的生长和生理影响

以裙带菜配子体(Undaria pinnatifida)为试验材料,研究了高温胁迫对其叶绿素a含量、POD活性、脯氨酸含量、丙二醛含量的影响。结果表明:与20℃对照组相比,裙带菜配子体在高温胁迫下,试验组随着时间的增加叶绿素a含量明显下降,且30℃下叶绿素a含量的降幅明显大于25℃;丙二醛的含量随着时间的增加呈现逐渐上升的趋势,且30℃下丙二醛含量的增幅明显大于25℃;POD活性在24h时达到最低,然后略有增加;脯氨酸的含量在高温下随着时间的延长呈现逐渐上升的趋势。该研究结果为进一步揭示裙带菜抗高温分子机制和培育抗高温裙带菜新品种提供了一定参考。     

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Fucoidan Extracts In Vitro

Fucoidans are sulfated, complex, fucose-rich polymers found in brown seaweeds. Fucoidans have been shown to have multiple bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory effects, and are known to inhibit inflammatory processes via a number of pathways such as selectin blockade and enzyme inhibition, and have demonstrated inhibition of inflammatory pathologies in vivo. In this current investigation, fucoidan extracts from Undaria pinnatifida, Fucus vesiculosus, Macrocystis pyrifera, Ascophyllum nodosum, and Laminaria japonica were assessed for modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in a human macrophage line (THP-1). Fucoidan extracts exhibited no signs of cytotoxicity in THP-1 cells after incubation of 48 h. Additionally, all fucoidan extracts reduced cytokine production in LPS stimulated PBMCs and human THP-1 cells in a dose-dependent fashion. Notably, the 5–30 kDa subfraction from Macrocystis pyrifera was a highly effective inhibitor at lower concentrations. Fucoidan extracts from all species had significant anti-inflammatory effects, but the lowest molecular weight subfractions had maximal effects at low concentrations. These observations on various fucoidan extracts offer insight into strategies that improve their efficacy against inflammation-related pathology. Further studies should be conducted to elucidate the mechanism of action of these extracts.     

山楂单性结实现象及诱导方法的研究

对大敞口山楂单性结实现象和诱导方法的系统研究表明，自然授粉条件下胚珠的受精率只有５．２８５％，种仁率１０．８７％，无种仁果占产量的５１％～７１％。产生无种仁果的途径有两条：一是单性结实，占９２．８８％：二是伪单性结实，占７．１２％。不经任何其他处理的去雌花朵能自动发育成正常大小的无种仁果，座果率为３２．３％～６０．３％；ＩＡＡ诱导单性结实无效，ＧＡ３诱导单性结实效果显著。     

山楂开花期预测

根据九年的花期观察记载和相应的气象资料分析,得知山楂盛花期与花前60天的旬平均气温呈明显负相关。其相关系数 r=-0.8716,经回归及标准误计算,推导出花期预测方程:(?)=63.57-1.1126x     

黑龙江省不同地域山里红叶的生药鉴定研究

对黑龙江省的不同地域山里红叶药材进行生药鉴定研究,为该药材及其同属药用植物的鉴别及进一步开发研究提供依据。运用性状和显微鉴别方法对黑龙江省山里红叶药材进行鉴定研究。其中显微鉴别分别对叶的表面和叶中脉横切面、电镜扫描的显微特征进行了描述。对三个不同地域叶子的性状和显微特征进行了详细描述,并附有相应电镜图谱。结果表明,不同地域的山里红叶药材的性状及显微特征有有一定差异。     

超声法优化山楂叶中黄酮类成分的提取工艺

目的 研究山楂叶中总黄酮的提取工艺,确立最佳提取条件.方法 采用紫外检测法,建立山楂叶中黄酮类成分含量的测定方法,用正交设计法对影响超声提取的因素如甲醇浓度、甲醇用量、超声时间和提取次数进行考察,优化提取工艺.结果 对山楂叶中黄酮类成分提取影响最显著的因素为甲醇用量.优化的提取条件为:加20倍量的80%的甲醇,连续提取...     

4种山楂种子中抑制物质活性的比较

为了研究抑制物质与山楂种子休眠的关系,用80%的甲醇提取4种山楂种子内果皮、种皮及种胚的抑制物质,再用系统溶剂分离法将甲醇提取物分离为石油醚相、乙醚相、乙酸乙酯相、甲醇相及水相5相组分;用各相组分处理白菜种子,通过白菜种子发芽试验对抑制物质进行生物测定。结果表明,4种山楂种子各部位的乙醚相、乙酸乙酯相及甲醇相分离物抑制活性较高,石油醚相及水相分离物抑制活性较低;大山楂(伏山楂和大旺)种子较小山楂(辽宁山楂和抚宁野生山楂)种子每粒所含抑制物质活性高。