大叶冬青无根试管苗移栽技术研究

选苗高3cm以上大叶冬青(IlexlatifoliaThunb.)健壮无根试管苗进行移栽试验,结果表明基质为上下层放置型(即先将松林表土3份放入容器袋中,再放河沙1份于土上),温度控制在(26±2)℃,湿度为95%以上,移栽后,用2 5～3 5mg/L的D号生根剂(NAA+IBA)处理小苗3次,促根处理效果较好,移栽苗成活率达79 6%。     

Effect of cold storage treatments and transplanting stress on gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and survival under water limiting conditions of Pinus radiata stock-types

The capacity of radiata pine seedlings to overcome planting shock in wet and dry conditions and their dependence on previous history was analysed by studying post-planting resumption of gas exchange and photochemical reactions, and survival 2 months later. Even under well-irrigated soil conditions, seedlings showed the effects of stress: gas exchange was reduced, but a clear difference between soil-plugged (PR) seedlings and bare-root (BR) seedlings was observed. Drought enhanced the severity of photosynthesis deprivation. Photochemical reactions, analysed by chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, were not affected by planting shock in conditions of available soil water, but altered dramatically when drought stress was raised, suggesting structural damage of photosynthetic machinery. Despite the dramatic sensitivity of radiata pine to water availability, rewatering produced remarkable recovery, indicating good photosynthetic components repair capacity, which depended, however, on stock quality at the moment of planting. The ability of radiata pine to cope with drought in terms of post-planting performance depended on both storage conditions and water availability at the planting site. These findings provide information for tree physiologists and foresters as to how the management of radiata pine seedlings before planting can affect post-planting performance potential under wet or dry environmental conditions.     

天目早竹梅雨季节造林效果及其出笋成竹规律研究

经对天目早竹梅雨季节造林试验和笋期观测３年调查资料统计分析，结果表明：梅雨季节移栽天目早竹，成活率高，发笋成竹快，３年即可满园。天目早竹自然出笋期在３月２６日～４月１２日，分为初期、盛期、后期，各期成竹率和早期退笋率以及新竹质量有明显差异；母竹系统质量和距母竹远近对新造竹林的出笋成竹能力有一定影响；笋竹高生长服从Ｓ型曲线增长规律。     

乔木大苗全冠移植初探

调查分析珠海市大苗移植的生长状况,提出全冠移植的技术措施。     

不同播期对烤烟品种产量和品质的影响

为了探索韶关烟区适宜的播种期和移栽期,以6个优质烤烟品种(品系)为材料,进行分期播种,塑造不同的光温气候条件,以优质中部烟叶化学成分为参考样,用指标赋值法对烤烟(等级为C3F)化学品质进行综合评分,依品质优劣将不同品种排序。结果表明:播期显著影响烤烟品种的产量和品质的形成。产量高低决定产值高低,适当推迟播期有利于提高烤烟产量和产值;但播种过迟会严重降低产量,降低烤后烟叶中上等烟比例,导致产值下降。烟叶化学品质中烟碱含量、总氮含量、淀粉含量、钾含量均受播期影响,随着播期延迟C3F烟叶的烟碱含量、总氮含量、钾含量减小,淀粉含量明显增加,影响烤烟品质;但3个播期中各品种的氮碱比、糖碱比、钾氯比变化因品种而异。在3个播期试验品种中,各品种的C3F品质平均综合评分表现为"云烟100"、"NX208"、"K326"的评分相对较高,C3F烟叶品质较好。适当的播种期使得烟叶化学成分的协调性好,利于提高烤烟的产量和品质。不同播期试验表明,韶关烟区适宜播种期为12月1日—12月10日,适宜移栽期为次年2月25日—3月5日。     

Puddling, irrigation, and transplanting-time effects on productivity of rice–wheat system on a sandy loam soil of Punjab, India

Rice–wheat productivity in irrigated tract of the Indo-Gangetic plains is constrained by water and energy limitations. In order to minimize unproductive soil water evaporation and percolation loss at a field scale, management practices include soil puddling, water-economizing irrigation schedule, and matching growth cycle with periods of low evaporative demand. This 3-year field study examines combined effects of these options on rice–wheat productivity and water-use efficiency (WUE) and energy-use efficiency (EUE) on a sandy loam soil in an irrigated semi-arid sub-tropical environment. Treatments included combinations of three puddling intensities, viz., one (P₁), two (P₂), and four (P₄) runs of a tine cultivator in ponded water after a common pre-puddling tillage; with two irrigation regimes, viz., continuous submergence (I₁) throughout the growing season, and intermittent submergence (I₂) with continuous submergence for 2 weeks after transplanting followed by 2-day interval between successive irrigations, and two transplanting dates, viz., first fortnight of June (D₁) and end June (D₂) to impose variation in seasonal evaporative demand. Residual effect of puddling in rice on succeeding wheat was also evaluated during the 3 years.

Intensive puddling and water-economizing schedule caused a significant reduction in seasonal percolation loss primarily due to puddling-induced changes in soil bulk density and hydraulic behavior. Increasing puddling intensity from P₁ to P₂ enhanced mean rice yield by 0.2–0.3 Mg ha⁻¹, but additional puddling did not improve yield significantly. Mean grain yield increase with I₁ over I₂ ranged between 0.3 and 0.6 Mg ha⁻¹. Interaction effect between puddling and irrigation indicate that yield benefit with I₁ over I₂ was greatest in P₁ regime (0.6 Mg ha⁻¹), and the effect decreased with increase in puddling intensity. Delayed transplanting caused a decline of 0.3–0.5 Mg ha⁻¹ in rice yield. Although maximum yield was realized with combination of P₂ or P₄ regime with I₁ regime, but water-use efficiency was greater with I₂ compared to I₁ regime by 1.1 kg ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹ in 2000 and by 0.3 kg ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹ in 2001. It indicates that yield gain with additional irrigation were not commensurate with additional water input. Energy analysis also showed that energy-use efficiency was 6.8, 7.2, and 6.6 kg kWh⁻¹ for P₁, P₂, and P₄ regimes suggesting that yield gain with P₄ did not match energy input for additional puddling. Further, there was a greater risk of yield reduction of succeeding wheat with P₄ (by 0.2–0.3 Mg ha⁻¹) compared to P₁ or P₂ regime.     

木荷芽苗切根移栽育苗技术

木荷是我省造林的主要阔叶树种，木荷芽苗地奶移栽可使苗木粗壮，均匀，侧须、根发达；有利造林成活和林木速生丰产。     

新型高密度灌木幼苗移栽机仿真与试验研究

针对裸根灌木幼苗具有根系软、乱,股头多等特点,已有的链夹式移栽机不能满足小行距高密度移栽要求的问题,提出了一种可用于株距小于200mm、行距小于160mm,10行同时推进的新型灌木幼苗移栽机械。对高密度灌木幼苗的移栽工艺研究后,设计了移栽机栽植机构、放苗机构、起垄机构、旋耕机构及悬挂系统,并进行传动系统仿真,仿真表明,移栽机的传动系统达到移栽过程中设计要求。设计了一种的新型开沟器,且根据开沟器的实际受力特点,运用离散元技术和有限元分析技术对其进行仿真,仿真实验表明：开沟器的强度满足强度要求。对新型移栽机的物理样机进行现场移栽试验,试验结果表明,该移栽机能高效的解决根系软、乱,股头多的裸根灌木幼苗的移栽问题,并且平行排布,除草方便,适合小行距高密度移栽。 幼苗的植入深度（移栽深度）达7-12厘米,直立度达800-900, 移栽苗成活率达90%以上。     

江苏省水稻移栽期的干旱指数研究及应用

研制了以降水量和蒸散量为参数的干旱指数计算方法,确定水稻移栽期干旱指标,并 江苏省水稻移栽期干旱的气候发生规律及防御对策。     

有机水稻覆膜插秧技术研究

有机水稻覆膜插秧栽培试验结果表明：覆膜插秧提高了水稻生长前期土壤温度,加速了前期有机肥分解,为水稻分蘖期提供足够养分,有利于水稻生长.覆膜插秧水稻的株高、穗长、穗数、千粒重均较常规插秧的高;实产较常规插秧提高20.9％;覆膜插秧水稻全生育期较常规提前4～6 d,提前完成了有效分蘖;覆膜插秧水稻对于稗草、鸭舌草防除效果好,除草效果达86％.