不同时段补光对日光温室番茄营养与风味品质的影响

在日光温室基质栽培条件下,以‘粉太郎’番茄(Solanum lycopersicum)为试验材料,采用红蓝光配比为7∶2的LED灯作为光源,设置3个不同补光时段,分别为揭帘前补光5 h(T1)、盖帘后补光5 h(T2)、揭帘前和盖帘后各补光2.5 h(T3),以不补光为对照(CK),研究了不同时段补光对番茄成熟果实总产量、糖酸组分及番茄红素质量分数的影响。结果表明,补光能够显著增加番茄果实总产量,与对照相比,揭帘前补光5 h、盖帘后补光5 h、揭帘前和盖帘后各补光2.5 h分别增加4.23%、12.91%、16.63%;揭帘前补光5 h显著增加番茄果实中果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖和总糖及番茄红素质量分数,分别为40.48%、53.33%、66.66%、47.25%和31.52%,而柠檬酸、苹果酸、有机酸质量分数差异不显著,从而显著增加番茄果实中糖酸比;盖帘后补光5 h和揭帘前和盖帘后各补光2.5 h分别显著降低番茄果实中蔗糖和果糖质量分数,而总糖、苹果酸、酒石酸、糖酸比及番茄红素质量分数差异不显著。不同时段补光处理的番茄果实糖酸各组分及番茄红素之间存在一定相关性,其中果糖、葡萄糖和总糖质量分数两两之间呈极显著正相关,柠檬酸和有机酸质量分数呈显著正相关,酒石酸与果糖、葡萄糖和总糖质量分数呈极显著正相关,与蔗糖质量分数呈显著正相关;番茄红素质量分数与总糖、各糖组分、苹果酸质量分数呈显著正相关。因此,揭帘前补光5 h可显著增加番茄果实的总产量,同时有利于促进番茄果实各糖酸组分质量分数的积累,从而提高番茄果实中总糖、有机酸质量分数和糖酸比,且增加番茄果实中番茄红素的质量分数,进而提高番茄营养与风味品质。     

几种番茄病毒病的症状识别特征与防治策略

本文简述了番茄斑萎病毒病、番茄黄化曲叶病毒病、番茄褪绿病毒病、番茄花叶型病毒病、番茄蕨叶型病毒病5种主要番茄病毒病的症状识别特征。提出加强植物检疫、选用抗病品种、诱虫板与防虫网联用、切断人为传播和昆虫传播途径、调整定植期、清洁田园环境、合理选择杀虫剂进行杀虫控病等防治策略和防治措施,为番茄产业绿色发展提供了建议和参考。     

百香果番茄复合果酒的工艺研究

以百香果和番茄为主要原料,对百香果番茄复合果酒的加工工艺进行了研究。结果表明,最佳的工艺参数为：百香果番茄汁液(V:V)1:2、初始糖度23.0 °Bx、酵母添加量0.25%、发酵温度22 ℃。这四种因素对百香果番茄复合果酒影响的主次顺序为百香果番茄汁V:V >酵母添加量>发酵温度>初始糖度。百香果番茄复合果酒的成品指标为：酒度10.4 °(V%),残糖4.9%,pH值为4.3,呈柠檬黄色,清澈透明无悬浮物、果香酒香浓郁、丰满爽口有新鲜感。     

Discrimination of ‘San Marzano’ accessions: A comparison of minisatellite, CAPS and SSR markers in relation to morphological traits

‘San Marzano’ (SM) is one of the most widely known tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivars, and is a classic example of a local variety with a premium value. Unfortunately, the original cultivated form is underrepresented in the Protected Denomination of Origin (PDO) area because of the incidence of contaminant and phenotypically similar genotypes. Our aim was to examine the ability of three DNA marker systems (minisatellite, cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) and simple sequence repeat (SSR)) to reveal the genetic diversity of tomato accessions that were, based on a morphological analysis, very similar. The data indicate that both minisatellites and SSRs can be used to genetically distinguish the analysed materials. Furthermore, these two marker systems depict relationships consistent with the hierarchal pattern obtained by the morphological data. As locally cultivated tomato accessions are often characterised by some degree of genetic variability, our results will be valuable in facilitating the purification, management and breeding of tomato germplasms. The differences between the marker systems employed are also discussed in relation to their usefulness in the agro-food chain.     

Resistance of 57 greenhouse-grown accessions of Lycopersicon esculentum and three cultivars to Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

The aim of this study was to evaluate resistance to Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) by antixenosis on 57 Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. accessions from the Horticultural Germplasm Bank (HGB) of Universidade Federal de Viçosa and by the three commercial cultivars (Santa Clara, Moneymaker and TOM-601) under greenhouse conditions. A randomized complete block design was used with three replications. Infestations with T. absoluta adults were performed weekly and the following characteristics were evaluated: number of small, large and total mines/leaf and % of leaves mined at days 60, 75 and 90 after planting. Low infestation occurred at days 60 and 75 but at day 90, infestation was sufficient to evaluate insect damage. Based on these data it was concluded that only accessions HGB-674 and HGB-1497 appeared to be the most promising. In addition, to determine possible chemical causes of resistance, hexane extracts were analyzed at day 90 by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and the major peaks identified by a mass spectral database using similarity index. Nine hydrocarbons, viz., hexadecane, heptadecane, eicosane, tricosane, 2-methyltricosane, tetracosane, hexacosane, octacosane and triacontane were identified in the hexane extracts in many samples. Tricosane, tetracosane and hexacosane presented significant correlations with the leaves mined. Only tricosane presented a negative correlation with the number of small mines (r = −0.28), total number of mines (r = −0.27) and % of leaves mined (r = −0.22). However, tetracosane and hexacosane presented significant positive correlations (r = 0.25 and 0.24, respectively) with the % of leaves mined.     

不同基质栽培对番茄叶片光合作用和根系ATP酶的影响

以腐熟玉米秸、麦秸、菇渣、锯末等农产废弃物添加土壤后配成有机基质进行番茄栽培试验,探讨不同基质栽培对番茄叶片光合特性和根系ATP酶活性的影响。结果表明,有机基质栽培较土壤栽培植株同化产物积累增加,番茄光合速率、细胞间隙CO₂浓度、呼吸速率均显著提高。有机基质栽培Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ、qP显著升高,P-H⁺+ATPase、P-Ca²⁺-ATPase、V-H⁺-ATPase、V-Ca²⁺-ATPase活性提高。有机基质栽培番茄通过提高根系质膜和液泡膜ATPase活性、增加番茄的光合速率、细胞间隙CO₂浓度,提高Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ、qP,提高光化学效率,增强营养吸收,从而促进番茄生长和同化物形成。     

元谋干热区反季节番茄引种试验初报

通过对16个番茄品种的对比与筛选试验,对各个品种生育期、植物学性状、产量、抗病性等指标进行综合比较与评价.试验结果表明,16个引进品种中,有3个优秀,5个良好,4个一般,4个差.综合性状优良、市场前景好的3个番茄品种金冠茄、特抗病钢王、朝阳207.可作元谋县反季节外销番茄生产.     

铅胁迫对番茄种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

研究不同铅浓度对番茄种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响.试验结果表明,铅胁迫可明显降低番茄种子发芽率、株高和根长.超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性随铅浓度增加先下降后趋于稳定,其敏感浓度范围是40～60 mg/L.过氧化物酶(POD)活性随铅浓度的增加而增加,达到活性高峰后,则随铅浓度的增加而降低.     

番茄芽枯病现状调查及其防治

针对番茄芽枯病发生现状,在阐述该病害表现症状的基础上,分析了其发病特点及原因,包括水分供应不足、高温引起水分失衡、高温烫伤及微量元素不足等,并从培养无病壮苗、定植管理、水分管理、蹲苗及中午通风遮阳等方面论述了番茄芽枯病的防治方法.     

番茄裂果与果皮结构的关系及其杂种优势表现

以4份抗裂番茄为母本,3份易裂番茄和1份抗裂番茄为父本,按照不完全双列杂交设计配制4×4的杂交组合,研究8个亲本和16个F1的裂果特性与果皮结构的关系,分析它们的杂种优势表现.结果表明,易裂基因型的果皮较薄,抗裂基因型的果皮普遍较厚,但也有果皮薄而抗裂能力强的基因型.裂果特性有明显的杂种优势,优势的方向在不同组合间有很大的差异.亲本的一般配合力对杂种后代的抗裂时间发挥了决定性作用.对利用结构特征改良番茄抗裂能力的潜力进行了讨论.