Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococci on a farm: staff can harbour MRS when animals do not

The aim of this work was to establish the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococci (MRS) in the animals and staff of a teaching and research farm. Samples of dairy cattle (36), beef cattle (26), sheep (19), horses (21), pigs (23), goats (23) and humans (13) were collected and screened for the presence of MRS. The detection of mecA gene was performed by PCR to determine the resistance of the samples to methicillin. Antimicrobial-resistance testing to penicillin, meropenem, ceftriaxone, cephalothin, oxacillin, levofloxacin, enrofloxacin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, clindamycin, erytromycin, linezolid, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, tetracycline, doxycycline and vancomycin was performed on the mecA+ isolates. From the 161 samples, four methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci (MRCoNS) were isolated from human beings (31%), whereas none was isolated from animals (0%). No methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were isolated. All of the MRCoNS isolates from this work presented different antimicrobial resistance patterns. MRCoNS may be present in humans associated with animals while not present in the animals. Selective pressure outside of the farm and a lack of MRCoNS transmission between humans and animals may be responsible for this lack of correlation.     

静松灵、保定宁、846合剂对山羊麻醉的比较研究第一报临床效果观察

对 2 5～ 40kg体重的 16 0只山羊分别用 2 %静松灵、保定宁、846合剂麻醉后进行了临床效果观察。结果表明 ,三种麻醉药以 0 0 6～ 0 0 8mL/kg的剂量 (肌注 )均可对山羊麻醉后进行多种常规手术 ,临床麻醉效果的优良率依次为93 3%、96 6 %和 99 2 % ,以 846合剂为最优。研究还发现 ,以 7～ 14天的时间间隔重复给药或交叉给药 ,未发现动物对麻醉药有抗药性     

杂交野猪适宜日粮磷水平与钙磷比例的研究

选用纯种野公猪与杜洛克母猪的杂交后代含50%野猪血缘的42日龄杂交野猪36头,随机分成9组,试验为双因子3水平(3×3)析因安排分组,完全随机区组设计,每个因子3个水平,共9个处理。结果显示,不同磷水平与钙磷比例对各处理组的平均日耗料量、平均日增重、料重比差异均不显著(P>0.05)。不同钙磷比例水平下对血清钙的影响差异极显著(P<0.01),日粮磷和钙磷比例互作效应对血清钙影响差异极显著(P<0.01)。不同日粮钙磷比例对血清磷水平差异显著(P<0.05),日粮磷和钙磷比例互作效应对血清磷影响显著(P<0.05);0.4%的日粮磷水平与0.6%的磷水平对血清AKP活性影响差异极显著(P<0.01)。     

家蚕耐氟近等基因系SSH文库的构建及部分差异表达基因的分析

为了获取与家蚕耐氟性状相关的基因信息,利用家蚕耐氟品种T6和氟化物敏感品种733新建立耐氟近等基因系,以回交11代的家蚕耐氟近等基因系群体中的耐氟个体和敏感个体的中肠为材料,构建家蚕耐氟近等基因系抑制消减杂交(SSH)cDNA文库。通过对抑制消减杂交cDNA文库中随机挑选的153个阳性克隆测序和聚类拼接,得到19个重叠群(con-tig)、47个已知功能基因(un igene)和28个未知功能基因。获得的表达序列标签(EST)经BLASTx比对和同源性分析,初步发现这些基因参与家蚕体内物质转运、能量代谢、基因转录、蛋白质合成与降解、蛋白质加工、信号转导、机体免疫防御、细胞结构形成等诸多生物学过程。采用实时定量RT-PCR方法,对部分基因在家蚕耐氟近等基因系群体中的耐氟个体和敏感个体的不同组织的表达进行定量分析,发现磷酸根离子转运蛋白基因、三磷酸腺苷(ATP)合成酶基因、液胞型H+-ATP酶基因、脂肪酶基因以及主要过敏原蛋白基因在耐氟个体的中肠、马氏管、脂肪体组织中的表达量有较明显上调。     

退耕还林(草)工程效益监测与评估技术

根据退耕还林工程对环境的直接影响,建立了效益监测指标体系,筛选出了54个指标因子,并对工程效益的评价方法进行了探讨.退耕还林(草)工程涉及面广、规模大、投入多,其工程效益监测和评估具有重要的意义.     

INTRAVENOUS ALFAXALONE ANAESTHESIA IN LEOPARD GECKOS (EUBLEPHARIS MACULARIUS)

Intravenous alfaxalone, administered at a dose of 5 mg/kg in the jugular vein, was evaluated in 20 leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius) to ascertain its ability to provide anesthesia. The induction time, time to loss of mandibular tone, interval of deep anesthesia, and full recovery time were 27.5 ± 30.7 seconds (10 to 56 seconds), 1.3 ± 1.4 minutes (11 seconds to 4 minutes), 12.5 ± 2.2 minutes (11.11 to 15.39 minutes), and 18.8 ± 12.1 minutes (10.4 to 52.31 minutes), respectively. A significant reduction in heart rate (74 ± 12.9 beats/minute) was recorded between 2 and 24 minutes after alfaxalone administration. A significant decrease in respiratory rate (26.8 ± 10.1 breaths/minute) was recorded 2 minutes after alfaxalone administration, and respiratory rate remained lower than the basal rate (31.4 ± 3.1 breaths/minute) for 24 minutes but without statistical significance. The intravenous administration of alfaxalone in leopard geckos achieved a rapid onset of anesthesia and a suitable recovery time. Based on this investigation, an afaxalone dose of 5 mg/kg intravenously proved to be suitable for sedation before tracheal intubation. Moreover, the administration route via the jugular vein, was acceptable in leopard geckos; a species in which other venipuncture sites can be challenging or inaccessible.     

Immortalization and characterization of a new canine mammary tumour cell line FR37‐CMT

Here we describe the establishment of a new canine mammary tumour (CMT) cell line, FR37‐CMT that does not show dependence on female hormonal signaling to induce tumour xenografts in NOD‐SCID mice. FR37‐CMT cell line has a stellate or fusiform shape, displays the ability to reorganize the collagen matrix, expresses vimentin, CD44 and shows the loss of E‐cadherin which is considered a fundamental event in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). The up‐regulation of ZEB1, the detection of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and the downregulation of DICER1 and miR‐200c are also in accordance with the mesenchymal characteristics of FR37‐CMT cell line. FR37‐CMT shows a higher resistance to cisplatin (IC₅₀>50 µM) and to doxorubicin (IC₅₀>5.3 µM) compared with other CMT cell lines. These results support the use of FR37‐CMT as a new CMT model that may assist the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying EMT, CMT drug resistance, fostering the development of novel therapies targeting CMT.     

Malunion of an in utero open tibial fracture in an aborted equine fetus

An in utero tibial fracture was examined at necropsy in a seven-month-old male aborted Thoroughbred fetus. Grossly the healed fracture had a smooth cortical surface. Histologically there was no callus formation or excessive osteoclastic or osteoblastic activity.     

净、套作下大豆茎秆和籽粒糖氮动态规律研究

碳氮代谢是影响作物产量和品质的主要因素之一,在糖氮运输和储存过程中茎秆起着重要作用。以南豆12和南豆20为供试材料,在净、套作下分析不同生育时期大豆茎秆及籽粒中可溶性糖、氮含量变化规律,明确种植模式对大豆茎秆和籽粒碳氮的影响。结果表明,随着生育时期的推进,南豆12和南豆20茎秆可溶性糖和氮含量在净、套作条件下均呈现“低-高-低”的趋势,糖氮比呈现“低-高”的趋势。大豆从苗期至盛花期,茎秆可溶性糖、氮及糖氮比在净套作条件下差异显著(P<0.05),但从盛荚期至完熟期差异不显著(P>0.05)。净、套作模式下大豆籽粒可溶性糖、氮含量及糖氮比差异极显著(P<0.01),但品种间差异不显著。通过相关性分析,大豆盛花期到鼓粒期茎秆可溶性糖、氮含量及糖氮比与籽粒可溶性糖、氮含量及糖氮比相关性达到显著水平(P<0.05),特别是氮和糖氮比,相关系数最大值达到0.85。这些结果为明确糖氮由茎秆到籽粒的运输规律和套作大豆合理种植栽培参数提供理论支撑。