库尔勒香梨砧木组织培养

试验选用库尔勒香梨矮化中间砧S系、F系中的品种嫩茎尖作为试验材料进行了离体增殖研究,结果表明,不同种类的基本培养基及不同浓度配比的植物生长调节剂对试管苗增殖的效果不同。M S培养基较A S、B5培养基更有利于矮化砧S系、F系茎的增殖,中等浓度的细胞分裂素(BA)与较低浓度的生长素(IBA)、赤霉素(GA3)配合使用效果更理想。综合茎质量、茎数量等指标认为:M S BA 1.0 m g/L IBA 0.05 m g/L GA31.0 m g/L是矮化砧S系、F系试管苗茎增殖的最佳培养基。     

长林系列油茶籽含油率和脂肪酸组成分析研究

对长林系列11个油茶良种油茶籽含油率进行了测定,并采用GC/MS分析油茶籽油的脂肪酸组成结果表明：油茶籽含油率大部分集中在30%～45%,平均含油率为37.94%;含油率最高为46.41%,最低为22.80%。油茶籽油脂肪酸主要由油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸等9种脂肪酸组成;油酸含量为71%～78.96%,均值为74.82%,标准偏差为2.72%。亚油酸含量在7.02%～14.3%,均值为11.49%,标准偏差为2.59%。棕榈酸含量在8.75%～11.80%,均值为9.94%,标准偏差为0.98%;硬脂酸含量在1.66%～3.79%,均值为2.57%,标准偏差为0.71%。     

黑龙江省夏季林火时空分布特点

通过对2000~2004年黑龙江省夏季森林火灾进行研究分析发现,该地区夏季林火呈现明显的空间、时间分布特点。(1)黑龙江省夏季林火只在121°12′~130°16′E和46°53′~53°25′N之间发生过。(2)大兴安岭和黑河地区是黑龙江省夏季林火的主要发生地区,大兴安岭地区的夏季林火火因基本都是雷击火,黑河地区的夏季林火火因主要是烧荒。(3)大兴安岭及黑河地区各个县区夏季林火状况有很大不同。(4)6月是大兴安岭雷击火发生最多的时期,6月15~25日是烧荒引发夏季林火的重点时期。黑龙江省6月15~20日间发生的夏季林火次数最多,明显高于其他时间段,过火面积也最大。7月1~5日及8月20日以后均没有夏季林火发生。(5)黑龙江省夏季林火日变化规律较为明显地分为三个阶段。     

Production of a Trisomic Series in Hordeum vulgare cv. 'Golden Promise' and its Use in Locating a Recessive Chlorina Gene

A trisomic series was produced from a triploid plant of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. ‘Golden Promise’) derived from tissue culture. Its characteristics are briefly described and compared with two trisomic series reported previously. Trisomic number 1 performed poorly under glasshouse conditions. Number 2 failed to set any seed after selfing and must be maintained by pollinating with ‘Golden Promise’. The series was subsequently used to locate a recessive chlorina gene on barley chromosome 3.     

甘蓝型油菜品质性状间动态关系的分析

本文采用时间序列分析等方法,研究了油菜种子成熟过程中,蛋白质、油分、纤维素、可溶性糖、ATP 和生长量变化过程中的量化规律和动态相关规律。初步认为 ATP 在各发育阶段对有机物质合成有一定影响,其他物质变化过程表现一定程度的显著优势的周期函数特征。说明种子成熟过程中可能有某种代谢调节的共同系统。为了控制该系统以     

Denitrification potential of intermittently saturated floodplain soils from a subtropical perennial stream and an ephemeral tributary

Denitrification has the potential to remove excess nitrogen from groundwater passing through riparian buffers, thus improving water quality downstream. In regions with markedly seasonal precipitation, transient stream flow events may be important in saturating adjacent floodplain soils and intermittently providing the anaerobic conditions necessary for denitrification to occur. In two experiments we characterised the denitrification potential of soils from two contrasting floodplains that experience intermittent saturation. We quantified under controlled laboratory conditions: 1) potential rates of denitrification in these soils with depth and over time, for a typical period of saturation; and 2) the influences on rates of nitrate and organic carbon. Treatments differed between experiments, but in each case soil-water slurries were incubated anaerobically with differing amendments of organic carbon and nitrate; denitrification rates were measured at selected time intervals by the acetylene-block technique; and slurry filtrates were analysed for various chemical constituents. In the first experiment (ephemeral tributary), denitrification was evident in soils from both depths (0-0.3 m; 0.3-1.1 m) within hours of saturation. Before Day 2, mean denitrification rates at each depth were generally comparable, irrespective of added substrates; mean rates (Days 0 and 1) were 5.2 ± 0.3 mg N kg dry soil⁻¹ day⁻¹ (0-0.3 m) and 1.6 ± 0.2 mg N kg dry soil⁻¹ day⁻¹ (0.3-1.1 m). Rates generally peaked on Days 2 or 3. The availability of labile organic carbon was a major constraint on denitrification in these soils. Acetate addition greatly increased rates, reaching a maximum in ephemeral floodplain soils of 17.4 ± 1.8 mg N kg dry soil⁻¹ day⁻¹ on Day 2: in one deep-soil treatment (low nitrate) this overcame differences in rates observed with depth when acetate was not added, although the rate increase in the other deep-soil treatment (high nitrate) was significantly less (P ≤ 0.01). Without acetate, peak denitrification rates in this experiment were 6.9 ± 0.4 and 2.8 ± 0.2 mg N kg dry soil⁻¹ day⁻¹ in surface and deep soils, respectively. Differences in rates were observed with depth on all occasions, despite similar initial concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) at both depths. Levels of substrate addition in the second experiment (perennial stream) more closely reflected natural conditions at the site. Mean denitrification rates were consistently much higher in surface soil (P ≤ 0.001), while the source of water used in the slurries (surface water or groundwater from the site) had little effect on rates at any depth. Mean rates when all treatments retained nitrate were: 4.5 ± 0.3 mg N kg dry soil⁻¹ day⁻¹ (0-0.3 m depth); 0.8 ± 0.3 mg N kg dry soil⁻¹ day⁻¹ (0.3-1.0 m); and 0.6 ± 0.1 mg N kg dry soil⁻¹ day⁻¹ (1.8-3.5 m). For comparable treatments and soil depths, denitrification potentials at both sites were similar, apart from higher initial rates in the ephemeral floodplain soils, probably associated with their higher DOC content and possibly also their history of more frequent saturation. The rapid onset of denitrification and the rates measured in these soils suggest there may be considerable potential for nitrate removal from groundwater in these floodplain environments during relatively short periods of saturation.     

黑龙江省农业机械化作业水平预测方法

黑龙江省农机化作业水平的预测是一个复杂的非线性系统,其发展变化具有增长性和波动性,对于拟合的方法要求较高。该文对黑龙江省农机化作业水平预测方法进行研究,在传统预测模型灰色GM(1,1)模型、平滑预测模型和回归预测模型的基础上建立了基础预测模型,并与BP神经网络模型组合,建立了灰色神经网络、平滑回归神经网络等组合预测模型,并预测了黑龙江省2008～2015年的农机化耕、种、收、植保、灌溉作业水平。结果表明,新的预测方法拟合精度高、有效、可行,为农机化作业水平的预测提供了一条新的途径;黑龙江省机耕、机播、植保作业水平很高,但是机收作业水平不高,机械化灌溉是主要的瓶颈,需要进一步发展。     

Screening for low grain cadmium phenotypes in sunflower, durum wheat and flax

Cadmium (Cd) level in nonoilseed sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) grown on uncontaminated, alkaline soils has exceeded limits established in Northern Europe. Separate field experiments were conducted to investigate variability of grain Cd levels among sunflower, durum wheat and flax germplasm, and to seek an efficient screening method for future breeding. There were large variations in leaf Cd concentration among 200 sunflower lines. These lines performed more consistently for Cd uptake at the R5 stage than at the V8 stage across 4 locations with markedly differing soils. Cd concentration in V8 leaves was not related to Cd in grain. The positive correlation between R5 leaf Cd and kernel Cd level was obtained from nonoilseed hybrid (Sigco 954) (R²; = 0.74**), and 200 lines (R² = 0.44**) tested over 4 locations in 2 field trials, respectively. This indicates that an efficient and low cost screening method can be developed for genotype selection, but plants must be grown to the R5 stage. A preliminary evaluation of 30 durum wheat and 74 flax lines indicated large variations in grain Cd level of durum wheat and flax. Grain Cd concentration ranged from 0.11 to 0.34 mg Cd kg^-1 DW for durum wheat, and 0.14 to 1.37 mg Cd kg^-1 DW for flax, respectively. This variability indicates that breeding for low grain Cd in durum wheat and flax should be feasible. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

春小麦中7902单体系统的育成和鉴定

中7902是中国农业科学院作物所近年育成的春小麦新品系,综合性状好,目前正在河南、河北、山东等省推广种植。本研究选用中国春单体系统为母本,于1982年开始中7902单体系统的转育,设重复系。经8个世代的选育,于1985年夏已转育成功。在 BC_2和 BC_4代,用中国春重双端体系统作父本与转育的中7902单体系统测交,测交 F_1经根尖染色     

内蒙古河套灌区节水工程改造效果分析与评估

以内蒙古河套灌区1982—2012年长系列农业净引水量和年降水量资料为基础,运用均值分析、方差分析、相关分析、时间序列分析和生存分析等数理统计学方法,并结合内蒙古河套灌区农业种植发展进程,分析了河套灌区多年农业净引水量变化趋势与影响因素,得出年降水量(超过211.76 mm时,即丰水年)和节水工程改造分别独立地与农业净引水量呈明显负相关关系的结论。运用时间序列法预测了2013、2014和2015年河套灌区的农业净引水量分别为44.5、44.18和43.86亿m3;同时运用生存分析法预测了在灌区现有节水改造规模条件下,河套灌区农业净引水量区间为35~55亿m3,平均为45亿m3。