茶花的挥发性成分与萜烯指数

用毛细管气相色谱和色-质联用技术分析鉴定了茶花精油中的26种挥发性成分,并初步探讨了不同品种的茶花在开花进程中挥发性成分和萜烯指数的变化。茶花精油中的主要挥发性成分为:2-戊醇、2-庚醇、苯甲醛、芳樟醇及其氧化物、苯乙酮、香叶醇、橙花醇、2-苯乙醇等。各品种茶树在开花过程中,其芳樟醇类、香叶醇以及橙花醇的含量都有十分明显的变化,但其萜烯指数的变化不大。     

Response surface optimization of mechanochemical-assisted extraction of flavonoids and terpene trilactones from Ginkgo leaves

Mechanochemical-assisted extraction (MCAE) method was developed for extraction of flavonoids and terpene trilactones from Ginkgo leaves. The MCAE parameters and the antioxidant activities of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) were investigated. Through response surface methodology design experiments, the processing conditions were optimized as follows: amount of solid reagent (NaHCO₃) 21%, milling time 7.5 min, and ratio of solvent to solid 33 mL/g. Under these conditions, the yields of flavonoids and terpene trilactones in GBE were 6.83 mg/g and 1.72 mg/g, respectively. Compared with the heat reflux extraction method, the yields of flavonoids and terpene trilactones are higher, and the extraction time was significantly shortened. What is more, the MCAE method only used water as solvent. GBE of MCAE possessed notable antioxidant activity with IC₅₀ values of 11.7 and 13.8 μg/mL, respectively.     

松梢象危害前后红松挥发性物质的变化

为研究松梢象(Pissodes nitidus)危害前后红松(Pinus koraiensis)挥发性物质的变化,以动态顶空收集法随机对红松健康主梢、侧梢、球果及被松梢象危害过的主梢,用ENTECH气体采样罐分别进行采样,利用GC-MS分析收集到的挥发物.结果显示:在红松各部位共检测出30种挥发性化合物,包括萜烯类、烷烃、烯烃、酮类、醇类、呋喃类.其中萜烯类有15种,主要有α-蒎烯、莰烯、罗勒稀、4(10)-崖柏烯、β-蒎烯、β-月桂烯、3-蒈烯,其相对含量占萜烯类总量的一半以上;萜品烯、反-柠檬烯、β-醋酸萜品酯、α-香柠檬烯、α-石竹烯、β-倍半水芹烯、α-法呢烯和α-荜澄茄烯成分相对含量少.各检测部位含有22种相同物质.健康主梢中α-蒎烯的含量比其它部位少,β-蒎烯、坎烯、4(10)-崖柏烯和3-蒈烯的含量比其它部位多,罗勒烯的含量多于被害主梢而少于侧梢及球果,β-月桂烯的含量少于球果而多于被害主梢及侧梢.与健康主梢相比,被害主梢多α-法呢烯和α-荜澄茄烯2种物质;侧梢多反-柠檬烯1种物质;球果多萜品烯、β-醋酸萜品酯、α-香柠檬烯、α-石竹烯和β-倍半水芹烯5种物质.健康主梢、被害主梢、侧梢及球果萜烯类质量分数分别为:53.51%、56.86%、71.83%及95.34%,各部位挥发物质的差异可能对松梢象的寄主定位和取食起着信号作用.