黑种草子提取物对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的修复作用及机制研究

【目的】验证黑种草子提取物对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的修复作用并探究其机制,为其临床开发研究提供理论依据。【方法】将56只3周龄昆明小鼠随机均分为7组：空白对照组,模型组,黑种草子提取物高、中、低剂量组,黑种草子粉剂组及水飞蓟宾阳性对照组,每组8只。除空白对照组外,其余各组均以10 mL/kg 60%酒精灌胃,每天1次,连续15 d。第16天,黑种草子提取物高、中、低剂量组分别给予8、4、2 mL/kg黑种草子提取物,每天1次,连续10 d后处死小鼠。计算各组小鼠肝脏指数;检测血清中谷丙转氨酶（alanine aminotransferase,ALT）、谷草转氨酶（aspartate aminotransferase,AST）、过氧化氢酶（catalase,CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px）活力;制备肝脏石蜡切片观察其病理变化;Western blotting检测NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3（NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3,NLRP3）、含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶1（cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 1,Caspase-1）和白细胞介素1β（interleukin-1β,IL-1β）的蛋白表达水平。【结果】与空白对照组相比,模型组小鼠肝脏指数显著上升（P<0.05）,肝细胞出现明显颗粒变性,水泡变性,核溶解,界限区分不清,肝索消失;血清ALT、AST活力显著上升（P<0.05）,SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活力显著下降（P<0.05）,说明肝损伤模型建立成功,且肝脏组织中NLRP3、Caspase-1和IL-1β蛋白表达水平显著升高（P<0.05）。与模型组相比,黑种草子提取物各剂量组血清ALT、AST活力均呈下降趋势,SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活力均呈上升趋势,其中高剂量组上述各指标均呈显著差异（P<0.05）,肝脏组织结构明显改善,NLRP3、Caspase-1和IL-1β蛋白表达水平均显著下降（P<0.05）。【结论】高剂量（8 mL/kg）黑种草子提取物可显著提高肝损伤小鼠的抗氧化水平,且可以通过抑制NLRP3炎性小体的表达而减少IL-1β的合成,从而改善肝脏功能和修复受损的肝脏组织结构。     

Molecular Cloning of a Cellulose Synthase Gene PtoCesA1 from Populus tomentosa and Its Genetic Transformation in Tobacco

A 3 125 bp cellulose synthase gene, PtoCesA1, which has a 98% identity to PtrCesA1 from Populus tremuloides, was cloned from cDNA prepared from secondary xylem of P tomentosa. Four anti-expression vectors with different fragments of PtoCesAl, named as pBIPF, pBICC1, pBIPR and pBIBR, were constructed. Some traits of transformed tobacco of pBICC1, pBIPR and pBIBR differed from wild types, such as small leaves, ＂dwarf＂ phenotype and thinner xylem and fiber cell walls than wild plants consistent with a loss of cellulose. It indicated that the growth of transgenic tobacco was restrained by the expression of anti-PtoCesA1. Transgenic tobacco was obtained and the contents of cellulose and lignin were analyzed as well as the width and length of fiber cells, and xylem thickness for both transgenic and control plants. Transformed tobacco showed a different phenotype from control plants and it implied that PtoCesA1 was essential for the cellulose biosynthesis in poplar stems.     

1,1—二甲基—7—异丙基—1,2,3,4—四氢萘—6—磺酸钠的合成

文章探讨了１，１－二甲基－７－异丙基－１，２，３，４－四氢萘－６－磺酸钠合成的磺化工艺。通过实验室的试验，确定了适宜的工艺条件，１，１－二甲基－７－惜内基－１，２，３，４，－四四氢萘与浓度硫酸的配比为１：１０．５（ｍｏｌ比），反应温度９０±２℃，反应时间２０ｍｉｎ，产品得率达８０．３％。同时测定了产物表面活性性能，可用作表面活性剂。     

板栗的光合性状

为了了解光合性状对板栗产量的影响,对板栗的光合特性进行研究.通过对不同板栗品种的光合性状测定,探究了板栗光合性状的日变化和光合性状之间的相互关系.结果表明:不同板栗品种光合性状的日变化有一定的差异,并具有相似的变化规律;同时,气孔导度和蒸腾速率因子与光合速率具有显著相关性;光合性状影响光合作用,影响质量.     

大豆多肽对西洋参生物生长量与人参皂苷Rb1含量的影响

研究大豆多肽对西洋参(Panax quinquefoliusL.)生物生长量和人参皂苷Rb1含量的影响。将大豆多肽2号粉和3号粉分别配制成高、中、低3种浓度的水溶液,以叶面喷洒与根部灌注的方式,对生长3年的西洋参进行实验;同时观察生物生长量和人参皂苷Rb1的变化并总结规律。大豆多肽2号粉4mg/ml浓度根部灌注对西洋参生物生长量与人参皂苷Rb1增加作用最明显。研究结果为提高西洋参产量与质量提供理论依据,在西洋参的栽培种植中起到了实践指导作用。     

马尾松中龄施肥木材密度和干缩率的研究

选用广西马尾松龄施肥材料（连续观测13年），根据国际《木材物理力学试验方法》，研究了施肥对木材密度和干缩率的影响，结果表明：N、P、K三要素中，以N、P肥对木材密度和干缩率的影响较大。⑴总的来说P增加木材密度和干缩率，N肥降低木材密度木材干缩率。N、P肥降低木材差异干缩。施K肥对木材密度和干缩率的影响规律性不明显。⑵N、P、K施肥对木材密度和干缩率的影响及其变化程度，与肥种、施肥量、树干部位、木纹方向、气干或全干状态有关。施P肥木材密度具有增加的趋势，而且树干下部基本密度方差分析各处理间差异显著。N、K肥对木材密度的影响，规律性不明显。P肥使木材干缩率增加，P肥主要增加的是全干干缩率和径向气干干缩率，特别是树干下部径向气干干缩率各处理间差异显著。K肥对干缩率的影响规律性不明显，有待进一步研究。⑶为了保证木材质量，对于纤维用材林，主要施P肥；对于结构用材林，可施P肥，适当考虑N肥、K肥施用应慎重。     

有效微生物群对生活污水中有机物的降解能力研究

采用正交试验方法．研究了有效微生物群（简称EM）对生活污水中有机物的降解能力．结果表明：EM能去除生活污水中的有机物，且在水温为25℃,水力停留时间（HRT）为48h，台液加入量（VEM／V污水）为1／104，曝气时间为HRT／3，进水PH值为8．0时处理效果最佳．在此最佳处理条件下，测定了污水中BOD5，CODcr随时问的变化情况，并与不加EM的测定结果进行了比较，加EM的污水中有机物去除率大大增加，2d后接近最高值并趋于稳定．EM在处理生活污水方面的优势是：较少或不产生污泥，曝气时间短，但如果要较好地应用于生活污水治理，必须提高污水中的EM浓度．     

哈茨木霉天冬氨酸蛋白酶基因SA76的3＇RACE扩增和序列分析

由EST获得全长cDNA对于结构基因组学和功能基因组学都是至关重要的,cDNA末端快速扩增技术RACE是该领域中的重要研究方法.利用BD SMART RACE技术扩增编码分泌天冬氨酸蛋白酶SA76基因的3＇末端,将其与哈茨木霉cDNA文库中的SA76基因的EST序列进行序列拼接,获得2019bp的全长cDNA序列,其开放读码框长1593bp,5＇非编码区266bp,3＇非编码区201bp,编码530个氨基酸,有信号肽.哈茨木霉天冬氨酸蛋白酶基因与玉蜀黍赤霉、粗糙脉孢菌、球毛壳菌天冬氨酸蛋白酶基因的同源性分别为53%, 37%, 36%.利用BD SMART RACE技术首次从哈茨木霉中克隆天冬氨酸蛋白酶基因,为验证SA76基因的功能奠定基础,为进一步研究蛋白酶的作用机制及生物防治功能提供依据.     

Reaction behavior of lignin in supercritical methanol as studied with lignin model compounds

 The reaction behavior and kinetics of lignin model compounds were studied in supercritical methanol with a batch-type supercritical biomass conversion system. Guaiacol, veratrole, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene were used as model compounds for aromatic rings in lignin. In addition, 5-5, β-1, β-O-4, and α-O-4 types of dimeric lignin model compounds were used as representatives of linkages in lignin. As a result, aromatic rings and 5-5 (biphenyl)-type structures were stable in supercritical methanol, and the β-1 linkage was not cleaved in the β-1-type structure but converted rapidly to stilbene. On the other hand, β-ether and α-ether linkages of β-O-4 and α-O-4 lignin model compounds were cleaved rapidly, and these compounds decomposed to some monomeric compounds. Phenolic compounds were found to be more reactive than nonphenolic compounds. These results indicate that cleavages of ether linkages mainly contribute to the depolymerization of lignin, whereas condensed linkages such as the 5-5 and β-1 types are not cleaved in supercritical methanol. Therefore, it is suggested that the supercritical methanol treatment effectively depolymerizes lignin into the lower-molecular-weight products as a methanol-soluble portion mainly by cleavage of the β-ether structure, which is the dominant linkage in lignin. Received: December 19, 2001 / Accepted: April 30, 2002 Acknowledgments This research has been done under the research program for the development of technologies for establishing an ecosystem based on recycling in rural villages for the twenty-first century from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Japan; by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)(2) (no.12460144, 2001.4–2003.3) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan; and under the research program from Kansai Research Foundation for Technology Promotion, Japan. The authors thank them for their financial support. This study was presented in part at the 45th Lignin Symposium, Ehime, Japan, October 2000 and the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Gifu, Japan, April 2002 Correspondence to:S. Saka