DIPHOSPHONATE TREATMENT OF A PRIMARY OSTEOSARCOMA IN A DOG: A CASE REPORT

The following sequence of treatments was administered to a Saint Bernard dog with a primary distal right radius osteosarcoma: 54 days of daily disodium 1-hydroxyethylidenediphosphonate (HEDP) subcutaneous injections; 53 days of HEDP per os ; one ³²P-HEDP intravenous injection. During the pretreatment period, there was an extensive increase in calcific tumor growth and osteoblastic proliferation. After the subcutaneous HEDP treatment, almost complete tumor necrosis was seen. After the oral HEDP treatment, only the deepest tumor portion contained active osteoblasts, calcific growth of the tumor was completely blocked, and uptake of ^99mTc-Sn-HEDP was reduced to one fourth of the pretreatment uptake. After a single ³²P-HEDP dose, large areas of tumor necrosis were evident histopathologically. However, subsequent resumption of cellular activity occurred in the tumor, and the uptake of ^99mTc-Sn-HEDP increased to pretreatment values. These data suggest that systemically administered HEDP should be studied further for its possible therapeutic potential in the treatment of osteosarcoma and indicate a need for further study of ³²P-HEDP or possibly ³³P-HEDP.     

Direct and indirect lymphocyte participation in the immunity and immunopathology of tropical canine pancytopenia—A review

Erlichia canis, a rickettsial pathogen which infects monocytes, induces generalized lymphocyte activation. Activated T lymphocytes differentiate into effector cells capable of destroying infected and uninfected monocytes and platelets. Activated B lymphocytes differentiate into plasma cells associated with plasmocytosis, hypergammaglobulinemia with high levels of specific antibody and a platelet migration inhibition factor. These effector mechanisms, aimed at parasite destruction, contribute to the pathogenesis of acute tropical canine pancytopenia and do not completely eliminate the etiologic agent. A carrier state of ‘infection-immunity’ exists between the immunocompetent host and virulent parasite. E. canis has evolved mechanisms of ‘tolerant-symbiosis’ with hostile macrophages and other effector cells in the immune host.     

高寒牧区碱茅＋杂花苜蓿混播试验初报

为选择适合在高海拔，寒冷地区推广的多年生混播牧草品种，采用近年培育出的甘农１号杂花苜蓿与碱茅，在肃南县进行了混播试验，结果表明，高寒地区碱茅与甘农１号杂花苜蓿混播有较强的抗寒性和越冬能力，碱茅与苜蓿以７：４比例混播，可获得最佳产草量和牧草品质。     

家蚕P450基因CYP305B1的基因组序列克隆及结构分析

为了研究家蚕P450基因CYP305B1的结构,采用反向PCR技术克隆了家蚕CYP305B1基因的基因组序列,经序列测定,拼接得到家蚕CYP305B1全基因序列,发现家蚕CYP305B1的第1内含子位于5′端非翻译区序列(5′-UTR)中间。将家蚕CYP305B1与野桑蚕P450基因CYP305B1V1序列进行同源性比较的结果表明,二者在5′-UTR上游-400～-770 bp序列间的同源性只有40.4%,序列差异最大的是第1内含子和第6内含子。在第1内含子中,野桑蚕CYP305B1V1在翻译起始密码ATG上游-340之前存在330 bp的插入序列,在-110～-340 bp间二者的同源性也只有46.9%;在第6内含子中,家蚕CYP305B1比野桑蚕CYP305B1V1多了一段约300 bp的插入序列。研究结果有助于进一步探究该基因的转录和调控机制。     

中国华东地区猪生殖-呼吸道综合征病毒(S_1株)ORF_(5～7)基因特征研究

本研究对我国华东地区猪生殖和呼吸综合征病毒（ＰＲＲＳＶ）分离株Ｓ１主要结构蛋白基因（ＯＲＦ５～７）进行了ＰＣＲ扩增和ＤＮＡ测序分析。结果表明，长度为１５２０ｂｐＤＮＡ序列含有３个阅读框ＯＲＦｓ，即ＯＲＦ５、ＯＲＦ６和ＯＲＦ７，ＯＲＦ５和ＯＲＦ６及ＯＲＦ６和ＯＲＦ７间有部分碱基重叠，且与欧洲型和美洲型ＰＲＲＳＶ相似。ＯＲＦｓ推导的氨基酸序列与美国ＶＲ２３３２和欧洲ＬＶ毒株同源性分析为９９％～１００％和５９％～７８％。ＯＲＦｓ预测的蛋白质分子量、等电点、糖基化位点、亲水性分布图及跨膜螺旋区与ＶＲ２３３２毒株相似。     

Effects of N-methyl-D, L-aspartate on secretion of growth hormone-releasing hormone from the boar hypothalamic-preoptic area and median eminence in vitro

N-methyl-D, L-aspartate (NMA) elicited secretion of growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone from both the hypothalamic-preoptic area and the median eminence that were collected from boars. We suggest that the previously described increase in GH secretion that follows peripheral treatment of swine with NMA is attributable, at least in part, to NMA-stimulated secretion of GH-releasing hormone from the central nervous system.     

Identification of CD3+ T lymphocytes in the green turtle Chelonia mydas

To understand the role of the immune system with respect to disease in reptiles, there is the need to develop tools to assess the host's immune response. An important tool is the development of molecular markers to identify immune cells, and these are limited for reptiles. We developed a technique for the cryopreservation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and showed that a commercially available anti-CD3 epsilon chain antibody detects a subpopulation of CD3 positive peripheral blood lymphocytes in the marine turtle Chelonia mydas. In the thymus and in skin inoculated with phytohemagglutinin, the same antibody showed the classical staining pattern observed in mammals and birds. For Western blot, the anti-CD3 antibodies identified a 17.6 kDa band in membrane proteins of peripheral blood mononuclear cell compatible in weight to previously described CD3 molecules. This is the first demostration of CD3+ cells in reptiles using specific antibodies.     

Effects of calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids and rumen-protected methionine on plasma concentrations of ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (7 to 36) amide and pancreatic hormones in lactating cows

Our objective was to determine the effects of calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids (CLFAs) and rumen-protected methionine (RPM) on plasma concentrations of ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (7 to 36) amide, and pancreatic hormones in lactating cows. Four Holstein cows in midlactation were used in a 4 by 4 Latin square experiment in each 2-wk period. Cows were fed corn silage-based diets with supplements of CLFAs (1.5% added on dry matter basis), RPM (20 g/d), CLFAs plus RPM, and without supplement. Jugular blood samples were taken from 1 h before to 2 h after morning feeding at 10-min intervals on day 12 of each period. CLFAs decreased dry matter intake, but RPM did not affect dry matter intake. Both supplements of CLFAs and RPM did not affect metabolizable energy intake and milk yield and composition. Plasma concentrations of NEFAs, triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (T-Cho) were increased with CLFAs alone, but increases of plasma concentrations of TG and T-Cho were moderated by CLFAs plus RPM. Calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids increased plasma ghrelin concentration, and the ghrelin concentration with CLFAs plus RPM was the highest among the treatments. Plasma concentrations of glucagon-like peptide-1, glucagon, and insulin were decreased with CLFAs, whereas adding RPM moderated the decrease of plasma glucagon concentration by CLFAs. These results indicate that the addition of methionine to cows given CLFAs increases plasma concentrations of ghrelin and glucagon associated with the decrease in plasma concentrations of TG and T-Cho.     

抗精神分裂症药物对吐鲁番斗鸡5-HTT和TPH1基因表达的影响

为探讨不同抗精神分裂症药物对吐鲁番斗鸡攻击行为影响的分子机理,试验将36只斗鸡随机分为12组,并选取利培酮、阿立哌唑、盐酸曲唑酮、盐酸舍曲林4种抗精神分裂症药物,且每种药物设有低剂量组（L）、正常剂量组（N）及高剂量组（H）,每天人工口服给药。分别在第1、2、5、8、11、14天时,翅下静脉采血,并采用实时荧光定量PCR法对口服不同剂量药物的吐鲁番斗鸡各阶段血液中5-羟色胺转运体（5-hydroxy-tryptamine transporter,5-HTT）、色氨酸羟化酶1（tryptophan hydroxylase 1,TPH1）的mRNA表达量进行检测。结果显示,口服4种药物后,利培酮组和阿立哌唑组斗鸡血液中5-HTT、TPH1基因mRNA的表达变化具有相似性,5-HTT基因整体呈下降趋势,TPH1基因均表现为波动性上升,且利培酮组TPH1基因mRNA的表达量及上升幅度高于阿立哌唑组;盐酸曲唑酮组和盐酸舍曲林组5-HTT基因mRNA的表达均从第5天开始呈直线上升,并于第14天达到峰值,且盐酸舍曲林组TPH1基因的表达呈微上调,盐酸曲唑酮组则无明显变化。利培酮组和阿立哌唑组斗鸡攻击行为减弱与其血液中5-HTT基因mRNA的低表达有关,本试验结果为进一步研究药物影响吐鲁番斗鸡攻击行为的分子机理提供了重要参考依据。