植物修复对锰尾渣污染土壤特性的影响

采用盆栽法研究栽培美洲商陆和大豆进行植物修复后,锰尾渣污染土壤特性的变化。栽培美洲商陆和大豆可增加土壤的碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾和有机质。栽培植物后,土壤pH值变化不显著,但土壤磷酸酶、尿酶、蛋白酶、蔗糖酶、硝酸还原酶和脱氢酶的活性都高于对照。栽培植物可影响土壤锰和镉的形态分布,降低土壤锰和镉总含量,减少土壤水溶性锰和镉含量。在锰尾渣污染区域,混种美洲商陆与大豆进行植物修复,改良土壤特性更佳。     

生物柴油Fe_2(SO_4)_3—Al_2O_3固体酸催化剂的制备

为了解决硫酸铁催化制备生物柴油过程中存在的回收难和部分溶于水等问题,制备了Fe2(SO4)3—Al2O3负载型固体酸催化剂。考察了负载量、焙烤温度、焙烤时间对催化剂活性的影响。结果表明,负载量20%的催化剂在300℃下,焙烤超过4h,活性最高,延长焙烤时间对催化剂活性没有显著影响。对不同焙烤温度下的催化剂进行了扫描电镜、能谱和X射线衍射分析,结果显示300℃下,焙烤的催化剂具有最小的晶粒;超过300℃,催化剂上的Fe2(SO4)3组分开始分解。     

一种花生收获机轮边减速器的设计与分析

对一种花生收获机的轮边减速器进行了设计与研究,在总体方案分析的基础上,进行了轮边减速器主要零件基本参数设计,建立了基本的实体模型,并进行了有限元分析,完成了轮边减速器的总体设计。     

广西象州县霜冻发生规律及其应用对策

通过对1956－2001年45个冬季出现在象州县境内的霜冻日进行分析，找出其发生和分布规律，发现霜冻的形成与环流形势，气象因素，地形具有密切的联系，据此对象州县农业产业结构调整提出一些具体的应用对策措施。     

Cytogenetic analyses of sugarcane relatives (Andropogoneae: Saccharinae)

Summary Meiosis was studied in 31 wild Saccharum relatives, including Erianthus (8 clones), Miscanthus (5 clones), Narenga prophyrocoma (1 clone), S. robustum (3 clones), and S. spontaneum (14 clones). Chromosome number for 18 clones confirmed published counts or was typical of the particular species. Chromosome number for seven clones (Djatiroto 2n=58, Molokai 5099 2n=80, SES 84/58 2n=58, SES 114 2n=64, SES 260 2n=64, Taiwan 100 2n=112, and US 57-11-2 2n=60) differed from published counts (2n=112, 86-100, 64, 60, 60, 96, and 30, respectively). Counts were obtained for the first time for six clones (Local escape 2n=96, Nepal 2n=72, NG 77-77 2n=108–112, NG 77-199 2n=166, US 57-60-2 2n=20, and US 68-1-4 2n=38). Bivalent chromosome pairing predominated in all clones. Meiotic irregularity (numeric aberrations, univalents, multivalents, and telophase II micronuclei) tended to be associated with taxonomic grouping and level of polyploidy. Clones in Erianthus, Miscanthus, and Narenga were apparent euploids (2n=20–60) and tended to have fewer meiotic irregularities than Saccharum clones. Differences in level of meiotic stability among taxonomic groups may reflect error in chromosome association and synapsis associated with high chromosome number.     

摆线转子泵转子结构参数的确定

介绍了在摆线转子泵的设计中。如何较准确地选择内、外转子的各种参数，以及选择这些参数的步骤和判定方法，并对外转子齿根圆和齿面的过渡圆弧与齿面相切之点所应处的正确位置进行了分析研究，为避免设计过程中因过渡圆弧半径r0选择的随意性而导致r0过大出现干涉，或r0过小而降低圆弧的过渡效果，给出了正确选择该参数值的求解公式。     

对称三自由度并联机器人拓扑结构型综合与分类

以单开链支路为单元,揭示了对称少自由度并联机器人组成的规律,提出了输出运动为3自由度并联机器人的型综合方法.型综合共得到5种对称的三维平移3自由度的并联机器人和6种对称的三维转动3自由度的并联机器人.     

玉米收获机割台支架模态分析

牵引式玉米收获机由于前轮轴上的载荷超重和同时受到来自设备工作时的冲击载荷作用,前轮轴会出现疲劳断裂。本文用有限元软件ANSYS首先对割台支架结构优化前后进行实体建模,然后进行了前十阶模态分析。结果发现优化前后支架的固有频率都远大于激励频率,不会产生共振,疲劳破坏主要由载荷超重引起的。该结果为玉米收获机的研究和结构优化设计提供合理的理论依据。     

Copulas函数在多变量干旱联合分布中的应用

以渭河流域西安站77年的月降水资料为例,采用7种单参数族Copulas函数,建立干旱特征变量之间的联合分布。经拟合优度评价,Plackett Copula函数对干旱历时和干旱烈度、干旱历时和干旱烈度峰值之间拟合程度最好;而Clayton Copula函数对于干旱烈度和烈度峰值拟合程度最好。分别应用这2种Copulas函数对西安站进行干旱特征变量之间的二维条件概率分布及组合重现期计算。结果表明,Copulas函数能较好的描述干旱特征变量间的联合分布;并且具有灵活性和应用范围广等特点,在多变量干旱特征分析中具有广泛的应用前景。     

Genetic characterization of a collection of chayote, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sechium edule</Emphasis> (Jacq.) Swartz,in Costa Rica by using isozyme markers

We established protocols for the analysis of genetic diversity in chayote (Sechium edule) by using isozyme markers, thereby determining the level of genetic diversity present in 42 accessions of chayote from Costa Rica. We obtained clear and reproducible zymograms for eight enzyme staining systems: PGM, 6-PGD, PGI, IDH, MDH, SOD, SKD, and EST, and were able to score 14 putative loci. Eight of the 14 loci examined were polymorphic. We found 35 distinct multilocus genotypes among these accessions. Five of these multilocus genotypes were homozygous for all loci. In addition, our data also revealed that most of the multilocus genotypes (24) were heterozygous for only one of the eight loci, and the rest were heterozygous for two or three loci (9 and 4 accessions, respectively). Seven multilocus genotypes were found in two different accessions. Dice similarity coefficient was used to study the relationship between accessions. This analysis, based on the presence and absence of alleles, revealed that accessions collected in the same location seldom shared the same multilocus genotype. The value of isozyme polymorphisms as tools to continue studies on the characterization of chayote is discussed.