吸水链霉菌BS-112菌株产生抗家蚕病原真菌活性物质的发酵培养基配方优化

为了开发利用吸水链霉菌BS-112菌株产生的抗真菌活性物质防治家蚕真菌病,在单因素试验基础上通过正交试验优化BS-112菌株分泌产生抗真菌活性物质的发酵培养基配方。优化后的最佳发酵培养基配方为:18.0g/L葡萄糖,12.0g/L玉米粉,35.0g/L黄豆饼粉,0.4g/LKH2PO4,0.8g/LMgSO4。优化发酵培养基配方后的菌株发酵液对家蚕病原绿僵菌的抗菌效价达到4916.85μg/mL,较基础培养基提高了3.08倍。分别以价格低廉的玉米粉和豆饼粉作为发酵培养基的缓效碳源和有机氮源,有利于该菌株在蚕用抗生素产业化开发的应用。     

In Vivo Metabolism Study of Xiamenmycin A in Mouse Plasma by UPLC-QTOF-MS and LC-MS/MS

Xiamenmycin A is an antifibrotic leading compound with a benzopyran skeleton that is isolated from mangrove-derived Streptomyces xiamenensis. As a promising small molecule for fibrotic diseases, less information is known about its metabolic characteristics in vivo. In this study, the time-course of xiamenmycin A in mouse plasma was investigated by relative quantification. After two types of administration of xiamenmycin A at a single dose of 10 mg/kg, the plasma concentrations were measured quantitatively by LC-MS/MS. The dynamic changes in the xiamenmycin A concentration showed rapid absorption and quick elimination in plasma post-administration. Four metabolites (M1–M4) were identified in blood by UPLC-QTOF-MS, and xiamenmycin B (M3) is the principal metabolite in vivo, as verified by comparison of the authentic standard sample. The structures of other metabolites were identified based on the characteristics of their MS and MS/MS data. The newly identified metabolites are useful for understanding the metabolism of xiamenmycin A in vivo, aiming at the development of an anti-fibrotic drug candidate for the therapeutic treatment of excessive fibrotic diseases.     

2株放线菌的抗菌活性及分类学地位

旨在对2株放线菌HD-103和HD-109的抗菌活性和发酵液稳定性进行比较分析,并明确2株菌的分类学地位。以13种植物病原真菌为靶标菌,利用琼脂柱法分析2株生防菌的抗菌谱;以尖孢镰刀菌(Fusariumoxysporumf.sp.glycines)为指示菌,利用杯碟法检测2株生防菌发酵液的热稳定性、pH稳定性及紫外稳定性,并进行比较分析;在此基础上采用多相分类法对2株菌进行鉴定。研究结果显示：2株菌的抗真菌谱均较广,其中HD-103对禾谷镰刀菌(Fusariumgraminearumf.sp.Glycines)的抑制效果最显著,抑菌圈直径达到23.7mm,HD-109对烟草赤星病菌(Alternariaalternate)抑制效果最好,抑菌圈直径达25.0mm;HD-103的抗菌活性物质较HD-109的活性物质更为稳定;分类学鉴定结果表明,菌株HD-103与HD-109为微白黄链霉菌(Streptomycesalbidoflavus)的2个菌株。菌株HD-103与HD-109能够抑制多种植物病原真菌,其发酵液具有较好的热稳定性和酸碱稳定性,具有开发为新型生物农药的潜力。     

产纳他霉素生防菌A01和A02与已知产生菌的RAPD比较

为了明确自主分离的天然抗真菌活性产物——纳他霉素产生菌A01和A02与已知纳他霉素产生菌的遗传相似性,采用RAPD技术对这2株菌和3个产纳他霉素的标准菌株进行了比较分析。利用筛选出的7个随机引物对5个菌株的PCR扩增共得到154条清晰稳定的DNA条带,其中同源性条带86条,多态性条带68条,分别占总条带数的55.8%和44.2%,平均每个引物扩增出9.7个多态性条带,得到了丰富的DNA指纹图谱。所得数据经NTSYS pc 2.10e软件聚类分析,表明5个菌株间的遗传距离为0.0991~0.4738,其中A02与其它菌株间的遗传距离均较远。结合前期的分类研究结果,确证了菌株A02为新的纳他霉素产生菌。     

井冈霉素高产菌株原生质体诱变筛选研究

以吸水链霉菌井冈变种k-121-5为出发菌株制备原生质体,并对其进行紫外诱变,通过筛选得到5株较为高产的菌株,经连续传代、摇瓶发酵,井冈霉素A产率比出发菌株提高14%～26%。     

Survey of Bacterial and Fungal Seedborne Diseases in Imported and Domestic Potato Seed Tubers

Potato seed tubers are imported to Israel from northern Europe and planted in spring; tubers harvested early from the spring crop are used as seed for the autumn crop. Although only seed lots registered as certified are imported, a previous survey (1984–1994) indicated that most imported lots were affected by latent or active infections caused byErwinia carotovora,Streptomyces scabies, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium spp. andSpongospora subterranae. The survey was extended until 1998, and included additional pathogens:Ralstonia solanacearum,Helminthosporium solani, Colletotrichum coccodes andVerticillium dahliae. Most of these pathogens were also monitored in domestic seed tubers, and are reported for the first time. Brown rot was not observed in any of the imported lots. Blackleg and soft rot caused byErwinia spp. were detected in most of the imported lots; however, less than 7% of the lots were contaminated at high levels, while approximately 65% were contaminated at moderate levels. Common scab was detected in most of the imported lots; 51% of the imported lots were contaminated at moderate or high levels, whereas only 6.5% of the domestic seed lots were contaminated at these levels. Black scurf was detected in most of the imported lots; on average, 47.3%, 44.2% and 1.4% of the lots were contaminated at low, moderate and high levels, respectively, and only 7.1% were disease-free. In contrast, most of the domestic lots were either disease-free (45.4%) or had a low disease incidence (37.3%). Only 16.7% of the lots were moderately infected and 0.2% were highly contaminated. Silver scurf was observed in most of the imported lots during all years of the survey, with no differences among the producing countries; on average, 22.7%, 66.1% and 7.5% of the lots were contaminated at low, moderate and high levels, respectively, and only 3.7% were disease-free. Most of the domestic lots (76%) were disease-free and only 6.6% were infected at moderate or high levels. Black dot was observed in a considerable portion of the shipments from Holland during all years of the survey, particularly in 1998, when 34% of the lots were infected. The shipments from France and Germany were infected at low levels, except in 1998, when 19% and 11% of the lots, respectively, arrived infected. In shipments from Scotland and Ireland low incidences of the disease were observed in 1994 and 1995. In the domestic lots, black dot incidence was low (<2.4%) except in 1996, when 11% of the lots were infected.V. dahliae was monitored only in domestic seed tubers. The incidence of disease-free lots was 56–64%, whereas in 20–30% of the lots the level of infection was <5%, and in 6–16% of the lots the level was >5%. The survey findings demonstrate transmission of seedborne pathogens; most of these pathogens can become established in the soil and eventually cause severe outbreaks of disease in potatoes grown in Israel. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting May 16, 1999.     

两株微白黄链霉菌发酵液的稳定性及抑菌效果分析

旨在对2 株微白黄链霉菌(Streptomyces albidoflavus)的发酵液进行稳定性和抗菌效果分析,为明确其生防潜力和剂型研发奠定基础。采用杯碟法、平板生长抑制法、菌丝体干重法、孢子萌发抑制法检测抗菌活性,采用电导率法测定对膜透性的影响。结果表明：2 株链霉菌的发酵液均能在日光灯照射和低温环境中保持稳定的活性;经蛋白酶K处理后,活性均能保持在80%以上;但对有机溶剂的敏感性不同。HD-103、HD-109 的抗菌活性粗提物对尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)菌丝生长的EC50值分别为97.9、120.2 μg/mL,对孢子萌发的EC50值分别为90.57、83.36 μg/mL。电导率测定结果表明,2 株菌的发酵液均可破坏尖孢镰刀菌细胞透性。菌株HD-103 和HD-109 对尖孢镰刀菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发均有抑制作用,其发酵液具有较好的稳定性,具有开发为生防制剂的潜力。     

链霉菌F0107液体发酵产木聚糖酶条件的优化

运用透明圈法从土样中筛选出产木聚糖酶放线菌80余株.对其中一株产酶情况较稳定的链霉菌菌株F0107进行了液体发酵的碳源、氮源、初始pH值、摇床转速及培养温度等条件的优化.实验表明,此菌株最适碳源为玉米芯水不溶性木聚糖,最适氮源为酵母浸膏与蛋白胨的复合氮源,最适初始pH值为5.0,最适产酶温度和最适摇床转速分别为32℃和140 r/min.质量分数为0.4%的吐温80使菌株木聚糖酶产量提高41%,发酵条件优化后,链霉菌F0107所产的木聚糖酶活力达332.17 U/mL,产量是优化条件前的2.5倍.在此条件下链霉菌F0107主要产生相对分子质量约为38.9 ku和24.4 ku的木聚糖酶.     

重寄生链霉菌F46与生防放线菌SC11融合菌株的筛选

利用重寄生链霉菌F46和生防放线菌SC11进行原生质体融合,通过菌落形态特征及颜色的差异分离获得8株融合菌株。皿内实验结果表明,包括F-S5,F-S8,F-S12,F-S15和F-S16在内的5个菌株保留了亲本 SC11较强的抑菌作用,其中F-S8只对粉红聚端孢(Trichothecium roseum)有较强的抑菌活性,抑菌率>60％;F- S12对粉红聚端孢(T.roseum)和大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae)有抑菌作用,抑菌率接近60％;而其他3个菌株对5种靶标病原真菌皆有强的抑菌活性,抑菌率可达70％左右。在受抑菌丝再生能力测定中发现,菌株F-S15对粉红聚端孢(T.roseum)有永久抑菌作用;菌株F-S5对胶胞炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)以及菌株F-S15对大丽轮枝菌(V．dahliae)的永久抑菌作用比较显著。显微观察发现,受融合菌株抑制的菌丝均有不同程度的畸变。     

放线菌素X2高产菌株的抗药性致死突变标志的诱变筛选研究

链霉菌702菌株所产抗细菌活性物质为放线菌素X2,为了提高其发酵单位,试验采用了林可霉素对放线菌素X2产生菌———链霉菌702孢子致死标志的UV诱变筛选。试验结果表明,紫外作用20 s时链霉菌702林可霉素致死标志的突变率高达20.77%,抗药性突变菌株与产放线菌素X2高产菌株的正突变率达25%,效价提高20%以上达10%,从突变菌株中摇瓶筛选到42-3473菌株,摇瓶发酵生物效价达2 062μg/mL,比初始菌株生物效价提高了70%。