Post-molt processes of cuticle formation and calcification in the Japanese mitten crab <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eriocheir japonicus</Emphasis>

This study examines the following in the Japanese mitten crab: (1) the structure of the exoskeleton with special reference to its calcification; (2) the progression of post-molt cuticle formation and calcification. In the crab, the structure and calcification state of the exoskeleton at the molt and during the inter-molt stage were similar to those of other crustaceans. During the inter-molt, the exoskeleton consisted of four cuticle layers; the outermost epicuticle, the exocuticle, the endocuticle and the innermost membrane layer. Intense calcification was observed in the exo- and endocuticle. At the molt, the synthesis of the epi- and exocuticle was already complete, and the addition of the endocuticle began after the molt. Calcification of the exocuticle initiated soon after the molt, but there was a delay between endocuticle matrix synthesis and calcification. Histology showed that the process of calcification was similar to that in other crustaceans. However, calcium concentrations within the exoskeleton continued to increase and never reached the levels of the inter-molt stage at the end of the experiment. This suggests that the Japanese mitten crab is relatively slow to calcify compared to other crustaceans.     

霍山石斛类原球茎诱导及其发育过程研究

 以霍山石斛试管苗带节茎段为材料, 诱导产生类原球茎, 并研究类原球茎发育过程。结果表 明, 霍山石斛类原球茎诱导的适宜培养基为Knudson + 2, 4-D 0.1 mg·L ^{- 1} + KT 0.05 mg·L ^{- 1} , 诱导率为25.50%。以固体静置、固液双层静置、液体静置、液体振荡4种不同培养方式进行增殖培养, 其中液体振荡培养方式更适于类原球茎快速增殖。类原球茎通过胚状体发生途径形成, 类似于合子胚的发育, 即经历原胚、心形胚、鱼雷形胚和子叶胚, 最后发育为成熟胚。类原球茎发育进程大致可分为类原球茎形成期、类原球茎肥大期、茎叶分化期、茎叶形成期以及茎叶伸长期等阶段。     

xPC环境下CMAC NN在淀粉生产线液位控制中的应用

在分析CMAC神经网络的基础上,提出了利用自适应CMAC神经网络来调节淀粉生产线中乳液的液位.通过对淀粉生产线中某一液位回路进行数学建模,然后对常规PID和自适应CMAC神经网络两种控制器进行了设计与仿真.仿真结果表明,自适应CMAC神经网络在控制效果上明显优于常规PID,并且具有很高的鲁棒性.在Matlab实时开发环境xPC Target下建立了液位实时控制系统,采用快速原型控制方式,具有系统组建方便、成本低、开发周期短等特点,该系统可实现精确的过程控制.     

旱作春小麦籽粒形成与灌浆特性

为了给旱地春小麦高产栽培提供依据,对内蒙古赤峰林东旱作地区春小麦籽粒建成及灌浆特性进行了观察和分析。结果表明,籽粒体积和含水量呈单峰曲线变化,籽粒干物质积累量符合“S”型曲线变化。开花后13-27d是小麦籽粒灌浆直线增长阶段,籽粒含水量相对平稳,籽粒重量直线增长,此期干物质积累量的占粒重的78%,为小麦产量形成的关键时期;不同农艺栽培措施对籽粒形成具有显著影响,只有密度适宜,氯、磷、钾三要素适量配施,才能提高灌浆强度,促进籽粒体积增大,增加粒重,获得高产。     

富含抗性淀粉水稻突变体的淀粉特性

 从杂交水稻优异恢复系R7954诱变筛选了1个富含抗性淀粉的突变体RS111。该突变体热米饭中抗性淀粉的含量高达7.0%，是其野生型的2.4倍。突变体的淀粉颗粒形态、DSC和多晶衍射的曲线和参数与野生型明显不同，表现为淀粉颗粒大小较为一致，圆形和卵形淀粉颗粒所占比率较高，溶晶起始温度(TO)、最高温度(TP)、回落温度(TC)、焓变(ΔHGEL)及结晶度更低。突变体的表观直链淀粉、粗脂肪和粗纤维的含量显著提高。     

冬小麦叶茎粒可溶性糖含量变化及其与籽粒淀粉积累的关系

在池栽条件下研究了鲁麦22和鲁麦14两个冬小麦品种旗中、倒二茎、籽粒糖含量及籽粒淀粉积累速率的变化。结果表明，小麦叶片可溶性糖和蔗糖含量在开花后15－20d出现高峰；茎可溶性总糖、蔗糖和果聚糖含量变化呈单峰曲线，最高含量亦出现在花后15－20d，而籽粒可溶性总糖和蔗糖含量在灌浆期呈下降趋势，花后20d至成熟期各器官糖含量与籽粒淀粉积累密切相关。     

藁城8901与豫麦50籽粒淀粉粒的粒度分布特征

为研究小麦籽粒发育过程中胚乳淀粉粒形成与粒度分布特征,以小麦品种藁城8901与豫麦50为材料,研究了籽粒胚乳淀粉粒形成、生长与分布特征。结果表明,花后4d,小麦胚乳出现不同范围大小的淀粉粒,最大粒径8μm。花后7d,籽粒中淀粉粒增多增大,最大粒径20μm左右。花后10~14d,淀粉粒体积继续增大,并产生了一个新的小淀粉粒群体。花后17d,淀粉粒以体积增大为主。花后21d,淀粉粒最大粒径较成熟期变化较小。花后24d,小于0.6μm的淀粉粒数目急剧增加,大于0.6μm的淀粉粒数目占比则明显减少,表明这一时期又产生了一个新淀粉粒群体(后期形成的B型淀粉粒)。花后24~28d,小于0.6μm的淀粉粒数目仍不断增加,而直径较大的淀粉粒数目增加减少,表明籽粒中新淀粉粒的产生仍在继续,但以小粒径淀粉粒为主。花后28d至成熟期,最小粒径淀粉粒进一步生长,其他淀粉粒粒径变化相对较小。     

Waxy蛋白缺失小麦及正反交组合淀粉特性的研究

研究了Waxy蛋白缺失类型小麦材料及正反交组合F1代的直链淀粉含量、膨胀势和降落数值等淀粉理化特性以及它们之间的相关性。结果表明：降落数值与直链淀粉含量呈正相关;膨胀势与直链淀粉含量无相关;正、反交组合F1代种子的直链淀粉含量介于糯麦和普通小麦两类亲本之间,为中亲效应。反交组合F1代比正交F1代直链淀粉含量高,说明小麦的糯性遗传为细胞质遗传。正、反交组合的降落数值和膨胀势差异均不显著。说明这两个性状的遗传为非胞质遗传。     

香草兰花芽分化期蛋白质及碳水化合物变化研究

以墨西哥香草兰花芽分化期花芽、混合花芽、叶芽及其功能叶为研究对象,研究香草兰花芽分化期蛋白质及碳水化合物变化及其差异,结果表明：香草兰叶芽蛋白质含量持续下降,花芽和混合花芽的蛋白质含量在花序分化初期上升至顶峰而后下降,说明香草兰花芽在花序分化前需要累积大量蛋白质。叶芽的可溶性糖、蔗糖含量均无显著变化,花芽和混合花芽均存在明显的上升和下降趋势;在整个花芽分化期,花芽可溶性糖和蔗糖含量均高于叶芽。叶芽的淀粉含量呈升高趋势,花芽和混合花芽的淀粉含量呈先上升后下降趋势。在整个花芽分化期过程中,花芽、混合花芽功能叶C/N比均高于叶芽功能叶,且花芽功能叶和叶芽功能叶间差异达显著水平。     

Effects of Exogenous Materials on Nitrogen Photosynthetic Efficiency and Yield Formation of japonica Rice in Cold Region Under Cold Water Stress at Booting Stage

【Objective】Our goal is to develop disaster-reducing, production-preserving and chemical-controlling cultivation techniques to effectively resist cold damage at the booting stage of japonica rice in cold region.【Method】The split plot design and the central combination test design were used to screen out the optimal application concentrations of CaCl2, glutamic acid(Glu), and γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA) through the membership function values of yield-related indicators under cold-water stress at booting stage.【Result】1) Under cold water stress at the booting stage, the optimal concentrations of exogenous CaCl2, Glu and GABA (CGG) were 1.87 mmol/L, 2.76 mg/L, 4.40 mmol/L, respectively and the average membership function value is the largest (0.932). 2) Compared with normal irrigation, the nitrogen photosynthetic efficiency of cold-region japonica rice decreased under cold stress at the booting stage. Compared with cold water stress at the booting stage, CGG application at the optimal concentration significantly increased the leaf area index (5.37%) and nitrogen photosynthetic efficiency (4.53%) of Dongnong 428 at the full heading stage; significantly increased leaf biomass per leaf area (2.56%) and leaf area index (3.39%) of Songjing 10 at the full heading stage. 3) Compared with cold water stress at the booting stage, the application of the optimal concentration of CGG increased the dry matter accumulation from heading stage to maturity in the cold-region japonica rice, but it was still lower than that of the normal irrigation, and there were differences between varieties and treatments. 4) Compared with cold water stress at booting stage, the yield and yield components of cold-region japonica rice increased with the application of the optimal concentration CGG, and the impact on cold-sensitive varieties was more significant. 5) Compared with the cold water stress at the booting stage, the average increase in temperature production efficiency of Dongnong 428 and Songjing 10 was 5.55% and 23.72% under the optimal concentrations of CGG, respectively. The contribution rate of exogenous CGG to the gap of temperature production efficiency is 8.99%.【Conclusion】The application of the optimal concentration of CGG under cold water stress at the booting stage promoted leaf growth of cold-region japonica rice at the full heading stage and increased the population nitrogen photosynthetic efficiency, which was beneficial to dry matter accumulation and yield formation after heading stage, thereby reducing the loss of cold-region japonica rice under cold water stress at booting stage and improving the temperature production efficiency of cold-region japonica rice.