三层实木复合地板背板含水率对其变形的影响

采用单因素试验法，探讨了三层结构实木复合地板背板的含水率对地板长度方向变形的影响。结果表明：背板含水率对地板的变形有明显影响，含水率过低或过高时复合地板的变形都较大；背板含水率可依据背板密度的大小而调整，但一般不得高于12％；背板一般使用针叶树材．允许使用软阉叶树材，但含水率的控制相对需严格。含水率控制适当是解决复合地板变形的重要方法之一。     

5种杉科植物不同部位的精气成分

为了解杉科植物所含精气的化学成分及其相对含量,在湖南南岳、江西靖安、浙江临安选择柳杉、杉木、水杉、池杉和落羽杉5个树种的纯林采集各树种的叶片和木材释放的精气,采用气相色谱/质谱联机法分析、鉴定其所含化学成分及其相对含量.结果表明:杉科植物所含主要化学成分是α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、莰烯,柳杉的叶片和木材单萜烯、倍半萜烯相对含量之和分别达96.89%、98.84%;杉木的叶片和木材所含单萜烯与倍半萜烯相对含量之和分别达95.60%、96.34%;水杉的叶片和木材单萜烯、倍半萜烯相对含量之和分别达99.03%、97.69%;池杉的叶片和木材所含单萜烯与倍半萜烯相对含量之和分别达98.83%、94.91%;落羽杉的叶片和木材所含单萜烯、倍半萜烯相对含量之和分别达95.77%、96.71%.     

不同生境对五爪金龙部分生理指标的影响

五爪金龙Ipomoea cairica(L.)Sweet是南方广大地区危害严重的入侵杂草之一。采用电导率法和分光光度法,测定了5个不同的自然生境中五爪金龙的相对电导率和叶绿素含量等生理指标,并进行方差分析。结果表明:不同生境中,五爪金龙的质膜透性之间的差异部分达到显著水平;除了生境4、5之间外,其叶绿素a、b及总含量均达到极显著水平。     

不同坡向杉木3代种子园土壤有效养分差异比较分析

以杉木3代种子园为研究对象,分析不同坡向杉木3代种子园土壤有效养分含量差异,从而为实现杉木种子园的合理施肥奠定理论基础。研究结果表明,同一坡向随着坡位上升以及同一坡位随着土层深度的增加,杉木3代种子园土壤有效养分含量呈逐渐下降趋势;同一坡位同一土层深度不同坡向对土壤有效养分含量的影响体现出较为复杂的规律。     

路面基层中粉煤灰SO3含量超标的危害及防治对策

石灰粉煤灰稳定碎石基层松散从而导致沥青路面结构开裂、起拱,经分析是由于基层中粉煤灰原材料SO3含量偏高,遇水后产生化学反应造成结构体积膨胀,最终导致基层和面层整体破坏。本文进一步分析粉煤灰原材料SO3含量偏高的原因,进而提出石灰粉煤灰稳定碎石结构原材料及施工过程的质量控制措施。     

Wood Moisture Content Measurement by X-Ray Exposure Method

lNTRoDUCTIONTheon-sitcnon-dcstructit'cmcasurcl11cntofu.oodmoisbocontcntattTactsgrcatintcrcsts.Itpla3'simpor-tantpartsinthescicntificrcscarchsucl1asonthchcatandmasstransportproccssesint"ooddri'ing.thcim-pregnationofliquidinxt'ood.thcmoisturccontcntdistri-b…     

Chemical modification of wood: A short review

Abstract

For most markets for wood, it is used without any treatments or modifications. When wood is used in adverse environments, it may be treated with chemicals to help prevent decay, improve water resistance, reduce the effects of ultraviolet radiation or increase fire retardancy. Many of these treatments involve the use of toxic or corrosive chemicals that can harm the environment. Chemical modification of wood provides an alternative by providing protection against water, decay, UV and thermal degradations by bonding chemicals to the cell wall polymers that do not leach out. Dimensional stability and decay resistance are two major properties that can be greatly improved by simple reactions with acetic anhydride.     

自然生草桃园表层土壤水分和草地地上生物量的空间分布及其关系

【目的】阐明桃树果园短期自然生草条件下土壤水分空间分布特征及其与草地地上生物量的关系。【方法】以信阳沙壤土五月鲜桃园为研究对象,在冬春季短期自然生草条件下,采用1 m×1 m网格采样法,以经典统计学和地统计学半方差函数为工具,研究表层(0~5 cm)土壤水分和草地地上生物量空间分布特征。【结果】表层(0~5 cm)土壤含水量和地上草地生物量符合正态分布,平均体积含水量为10.08%,95%置信区间为9.84%~10.32%,变异系数为16.36%,0.2 m×0.2 m草地地上生物量均值为9.17 g,变异系数为56.71%。区域田块尺度上,自然生草桃园草地地上生物量和表层(0~5 cm)土壤水分空间分布均符合指数函数模型,模型块金值/基台值分别为0.477 3和0.499 8,变程分别为7.20和2.51。即二者均具有中等程度的空间依赖性,草地地上生物量较表层(0~5 cm)土壤含水量具有更强的空间依赖性。克里格插值结果表明,表层(0~5 cm)土壤含水量和草地地上生物量空间上呈斑块状分布,且表现为距离树体越远值越大的分布特征。相关分析结果表明,地上生物量与表层(0~5 cm)土壤含水量之间极显著正相关(P<0.001)。【结论】果园短期自然生草有利于保蓄表层土壤水分,改善土壤水分条件,草地地上生物量是影响果园表层土壤水分空间分布的重要因素。     

Schima superba as a fuelbreak: Litter combustibility of three tree species with five water content levels using a cone calorimeter

To determine the suitability of Schima superba Gardn. et Champ as a fuelbreak, we compared and analyzed the flammability characteristics of tree litter from three trees commonly grown in south China, i.e., Pinus massoniana Lamb., Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook., and S. superba, using a cone calorimeter at five different water content levels. Water content levels of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% for the litter were manually produced with a new technique of adding water to dry litter. The cone calorimeter utilized a radiant heat intensity for leaf litter of 20 kW/m² (510°C) and for twig litter of 30 kW/m² (608°C). Results show that fixing the water content level by adding water with a pipette was an acceptable technique. For S. superba, compared to P. massoniana and C. lanceolata, 1) the heat release rate (HRR) was slower and lower; 2) the total heat released (THR) from the material was lower and started later in the burning process; and 3) except for the 10% water content, pkHRR/TTI was less. These results show that overall, S. superba was the best of the three species to be used as a fuelbreak in south China. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2008, 44(5): 96–101 [译自: 林 业科学]     

Preparation of novel reagents 4-alkoxytrityl chlorides and their reaction with methyl Α-d-glucoside

A series of novel 4-O-alkoxytrityl chlorides (1) with different chain lengths was synthesized as a novel reagent for obtaining 6-O-alkylated cellulose with high regioselectivity via trityl groups in one reaction step without the use of any protective groups. These chlorides were reacted with methyl -d-glucoside, which was used as a model compound, to examine the reactivities toward the primary hydroxyl groups of cellulose to afford a series of 6-O-alkylated methyl -d-glucosides in high yields. The product compounds were found to have interesting solubilities and thermal properties. Thus, newly prepared trityl chloride derivatives were found to be useful regioselective derivatization reagents on the primary hydroxyl group in carbohydrates, especially in cellulose.