Response of Rice Seedlings to Copper Toxicity and Acidity

Metal toxicity and soil acidity affect plant growth. A hydroponic experiment was conducted to simulate effects of pH and copper concentration [Cu] on early growth and biomass production of high-yielding rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L. cv. ‘NIAB 6’). The rice seedlings were allowed to grow in Yoshida nutrient solution with 1 (control), 8, 16, and 32 μM Cu at buffered pH levels of 4.5, 5.0, and 5.5, respectively. Shoot and root growth, leaf chlorophyll content, and root lipid peroxidation and K⁺ leakage of 15-day-old rice seedlings were determined. Results show that [Cu] had significant adverse effects on rice seedlings. Shoot height and root length were reduced by 18%–60% and 7%–69%, respectively, compared with the control, and shoot and root weight decreased by 26%–56%, and 25%, respectively, in response to progressive increases in [Cu]. Similarly, leaf chlorophyll content decreased by 150%–245% compared with the control treatment. Rice seedling roots suffered from significant increases in lipid peroxidation followed by K⁺ leakage (> 8–23 times) in response to increasing [Cu]. Averaged across [Cu], seedling growth and biomass were greater at pH 5.5 than at other pH treatments. In some instances, increasing pH minimized the adverse effects of Cu at low concentrations on rice seedlings.     

不同地理种群文蛤的营养成分研究

对辽宁、山东、江苏、广西4个不同地理种群文蛤的营养成分进行了研究分析。结果表明:蛋白质含量以山东文蛤种群最高(56.07%);粗脂肪和水分以及多糖含量以广西文蛤种群最高,分别为6.78%、7.00%、16.95%;灰分含量以江苏文蛤种群最高(19.79%)。氨基酸的组成非常全面,各地理种群文蛤干物质中必需氨基酸含量由大到小的变化顺序依次为广西(38.18%)、江苏(37.43%)、辽宁(37.38%)、山东(37.05%);各种群氨基酸总量由大到小的变化顺序为广西(495.815 mg/g)、江苏(495.305 mg/g)、山东(467.548 mg/g)、辽宁(463.752 mg/g)。呈鲜味的谷氨酸和天冬氨酸、呈甘味的甘氨酸和丙氨酸以及与甘味有关的脯氨酸和丝氨酸等6种氨基酸的含量较高,变化范围在209.8 mg/g~218.5 mg/g。     

Soluble sugars and carboxylic acids in ripe apricot fruit as parameters for distinguishing different cultivars

Major sugar and carboxylic acid components in apricot flesh fruits were detected and quantified. Fifty-one genotypes including clones growing in France, Spain, Italy, Greece and USA, belonging to the INRA germ plasm collection has been evaluated. Principal component analysis (PCA) has been performed to study correlation among fruit quality measurements and to interpret relationships between genotypes as a tool for germ plasm characterization. A marked variation in malic and citric acid content has been observed and PCA revealed clusters of apricot genotypes for the malic/citric ratio content. A good correlation between sugar component and refractometer index (r = 0.83) has been detected. The wide range of diversity in malic and citric acid content in apricot germ plasm makes it possible to breed and select genotypes with improved flavour on the basis of superior phenotypes. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

桃10～4500 MHz间的介电特性与内部品质关系分析

以不同成熟度的银风桃为对象,利用同轴探头技术测量了25℃下10~4500MHz间桃肉和桃汁的介电参数,并测量了桃肉的含水率、桃汁的可溶性固形物含量、pH值和电导率,分析了介电特性和内部品质间的关系.结果表明,桃肉和桃汁的相对介电常数皆随着频率的增大单调减小,而介质损耗因数呈现"V"型的变化趋势.离子的导电性和偶极子的极化分别是引起低频和高频下介电损耗的主要原因.桃肉和桃汁的介电参数与可溶性固形物含量、pH值以及含水率间没有明显的线性关系.     

不同生长类型云南红豆杉林木枝叶的紫杉烷含量测定

从云南红豆杉天然林在云南分布区的29个县中选择98株林木作样株,又从该树种主要种植地的云南红豆杉人工林和天然林无性系扦插苗中随机选出其林木51株,苗木54株,共计203株。以其小枝叶为样品,检测紫杉醇、10-DAB(10-去乙酰巴卡亭Ⅲ)等6种紫杉烷类化合物的含量。以此估计的云南红豆杉林木枝叶中的紫杉烷平均含量为0.051 40%,95%置信区间为0.045%~0.058%;其平均值的排序为人工林(0.087 0%)>扦插苗(0.051 1%)>天然林(0.033 0%),3种类型云南红豆杉林木枝叶所含6种紫杉烷类的平均值排序为:10-DAB(0.026 3%)>10-DAET(0.007 0%)>紫杉醇(0.006 2%)>巴卡亭Ⅲ(0.005 4%)>三尖杉宁碱(0.005 0%)>7-差向紫杉醇(0.001 6%)。检测中发现了10-DAB含量达0.205 9%和紫杉烷类合计值达0.344 8%的云南红豆杉单株,超过了巴卡亭Ⅲ含量0.2%的世界最高纪录。     

富硒鸡不同部位硒含量及脂肪酸组成研究

本文探讨通过富硒饲料饲养的富硒鸡不同部位中硒含量及脂肪酸组成。分别取富硒饲养鸡不同部位,包括皮、褐色脂肪、白色脂肪、胸肌、腿肌、肌胃、心脏、肾脏、肝脏、蛋;各样本采用微波消解法(MD)消解,然后用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)检测硒含量。以正己烷抽提样本中脂肪,经三氯化硼-甲醇甲酯化后,采用GC-MS进行脂肪酸组成进行分析。各检测部位中,硒含量依次为:肌胃>白色脂肪>皮>蛋>肾脏>肝脏>腿肌>心脏>褐色脂肪>胸肌。肌胃中硒含量最高为2639.19 ng/g,胸肌中硒含量最低为129.76 ng/g。脂肪酸组成分析结果显示,白色脂肪中饱和脂肪酸含量最高为88.07%,胸肌不饱和脂肪酸含量最高为68.44%。本次检测结果显示富硒饲料在母鸡不同部位硒含量不同,不同部位脂肪酸组成也不相同,本实验结果对富硒鸡中营养成分的利用提供参考。     

冬小麦植株氮素营养诊断指标研究

采用田间小区试验与植株硝态氮速测系统结合的方法,确定采用反射仪法速测冬小麦拔节期植株硝态氮含量对植株氮素营养进行评价.结果显示,冬小麦拔节期植株硝态氮含量缺乏临界值为1 000 mg/kg,充足评价指标为1 300 mg/kg;土壤合理的底肥施N量为75～150 kg/hm2;冬小麦拔节期合理的氮肥追施量应控制在100～150 kg/hm2;冬小麦最佳经济效益追肥量为117.86 kg/hm2.     

施肥与打顶对不同生态点烤烟化学成分的影响

为探讨施肥量与打顶对不同生态点烟叶化学成分的关系,在云南楚雄、弥渡、南涧、祥云进行了施肥量(72kg/hm2、90kg/hm2、108kg/hm2)与打顶(扣心打顶、中心花开打顶、盛花期打顶)试验,结果表明:总糖、总氮、烟碱、蛋白质、钾含量不同生态点差异显著。最佳施肥量与最佳施肥量-20%处理比较烟叶总糖、还原糖、总氮、烟碱、蛋白质含量差异不显著,但与最佳施肥量 20%处理比较差异显著。扣心打顶、中心花开打顶、盛花期打顶处理总糖、还原糖、总氮、蛋白质含量,相互间比较差异不显著。扣心打顶、盛花期打顶处理烟碱含量比较差异不显著,但与中心花开打顶比较差异显著。烟叶部位间总糖、还原糖比较差异极显著,中部叶>上部叶>下部叶。总氮含量中部叶、下部叶比较差异不显著,但与上部叶比较差异极显著。蛋白质含量烟叶部位间比较差异极显著,上部叶>下部叶>中部叶。钾含量烟叶部位间比较差异极显著,下部叶>中部叶>上部叶。钾受施肥措施、打顶措施影响小,遗传稳定性高。蛋白质受环境条件及施肥措施、打顶措施的影响最小,烟碱受环境条件及施肥措施、打顶措施的影响最大。     

人工栽培粗毛淫羊藿苷的含量变化

为了寻找淫羊藿苷在人工种植的粗毛淫羊藿地上、地下各部位及夏、秋、冬三季的动态分布规律,以指导栽培、收获,分别在6、9、12月中旬取样测定苷在叶片、地上茎、地下根状茎及须根中的含量。结果表明,淫羊藿苷在叶片中含量最高,地上茎最低。栽培上要注意提高叶片及须根产量。     

新疆农田土壤有机质含量及组成特征

目前新疆农田土壤有机质含量在5．30～24．21g／kg之间，平均14．65g／kg，与第二次土壤普查相比，新疆农田土壤有机质含量呈上升趋势；胡敏素碳含量占到有机质碳量的53％～70％，平均61％，腐殖酸碳量只占39％。