Malignant pinealoma observed in the deep cerebral parenchyma of a male Wistar rat

This report describes a case of spontaneous malignant pinealoma in a 90-week-old male Wistar rat. The tumor mass occurred in the deep cerebral parenchyma and no intact pineal gland was observed in the area between the posterior-dorsal median line of the cerebrum and the cerebellum. The tumor was characterized by a large nodular proliferation occupying the central area of the brain, extending from the dorsal surface to the base of the brain, corresponding to the thalamus. The tumor cells had round to irregular oblong nuclei approximately 5–17 μm in diameter and showed faintly or moderately eosinophilic cytoplasm and indistinct cell boundaries. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for synaptophysin and partially positive for neuron-specific enolase (NSE). The tumor showed malignant features including cellular pleomorphism, high mitotic index, necrotic foci, and invasive and extensive growth and was, therefore, diagnosed as an extremely rare malignant pinealoma in the deep cerebral parenchyma.     

Effect of genistein on IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐1 in young and aged female rat ovary

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of genistein (GEN) on expression of insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) and insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP‐1) in young and aged rat ovary. Forty young female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (200 ± 20 g) and forty aged female SD rats (490 ± 20 g) were selected and according to weight, they were divided into the following five groups with eight animals in each: negative control group (NC), low‐dose group (L), middle‐dose group (M), high‐dose group (H) and positive control group (PC). GEN group received GEN of 15, 30, 60 mg/kg respectively. It lasted 30 days. Concentrations of serum hormones, IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐1 were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Gene and protein expressions of IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐1 were determined by real‐time PCR and Western blot respectively. Compared with NC, GEN significantly increased oestradiol‐17β(E₂) level in aged rat, reduced luteinizing hormone (LH) level in young and aged rat. Serum levels of IGFBP‐1 in young rats were significantly higher in GEN groups (p < 0.05). mRNA and protein expression levels of IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐1 were positively correlated with GEN dose. GEN could significantly reduce the ratio of IGF‐1/IGFBP‐1 of aged rats. Multivariate Cox regression analysis result showed IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐1 levels significantly correlated with GEN dose. We speculate that there is an association between the addition of GEN and expression of IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐1, and the relationship between them is different in young and aged rat.     

苜蓿皂苷对大鼠肝脏及肝脏细胞低密度脂蛋白受体、三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体mRNA表达的影响

本试验旨在研究苜蓿皂苷对大鼠肝脏及大鼠肝脏细胞(BRL细胞)胆固醇清除和转运途径中关键基因低密度脂蛋白受体(LDLR)、三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体G5(ABCG5)、三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体G8(ABCG8)mRNA表达量的影响,从个体和细胞水平初步探讨苜蓿皂苷调控胆固醇清除和转运的分子机制。采用高脂饲粮建立大鼠高脂模型,测定苜蓿皂苷对正常、高脂大鼠血清指标[总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量]和肝脏LDLR、ABCG5、ABCG8 mRNA表达量的影响;采用高糖DMEM培养液建立BRL细胞脂变模型,测定苜蓿皂苷浓度对BRL细胞活性的影响,测定苜蓿皂苷对正常、脂变细胞LDLR、ABCG5、ABCG8 mRNA表达量的影响。结果表明:1)苜蓿皂苷显著降低高脂大鼠血清中TG、TC和LDL-C的含量(P0.05);2)苜蓿皂苷显著上调正常大鼠肝脏LDLR、ABCG5、ABCG8及高脂大鼠ABCG5、ABCG8 mRNA表达量(P0.05);3)添加200、250μg/m L苜蓿皂苷显著提高了BRL细胞的活性(P0.05);4)苜蓿皂苷显著上调正常BRL细胞LDLR、ABCG5、ABCG8 mRNA表达量(P0.05),而对脂变BRL细胞各基因mRNA表达量无显著影响(P0.05)。结果提示,苜蓿皂苷可通过调控LDLR、ABCG5、ABCG8 mRNA的表达来增加肝细胞内胆固醇的清除和转运,从而降低机体胆固醇的含量。     

运动对大鼠心肌细胞与一氧化氮合酶的影响

【目的】研究运动对大鼠心肌细胞及一氧化氮合酶的影响,探讨运动引起心肌细胞凋亡的可能机制。【方法】通过游泳训练建立大鼠有氧训练组和力竭过度训练组模型,以常规饲养大鼠为对照,检测各组大鼠心脏质量与心系数(心脏质量/体质量)的变化,采用Western blot检测心肌细胞中p53蛋白的表达,DNA ladder法检测心肌组织细胞的凋亡,并测定各组大鼠心肌与血清中的NO含量及结构型NOS(cNOS)、诱导型NOS(iNOS)活性。【结果】力竭过度训练组大鼠心脏质量和心系数增加,心肌细胞中p53蛋白的表达显著增加,与过度训练时大鼠心肌细胞凋亡基因的调控有关。DNA ladder检测结果显示,有氧训练组大鼠心肌与血清中的cNOS活性升高,有少量的NO生成,对大鼠心血管系统产生了良性影响,使大鼠心血管系统功能增强;而力竭过度训练组出现了明显的凋亡条带,长期的过度负荷使大鼠心肌与血清中的iNOS活性升高,产生的较多NO对细胞具有毒性作用。【结论】不适宜的运动负荷会促使大鼠心肌细胞凋亡,NO可能参与了心肌的损害过程。     

Teasing apart socially‐induced infertility in non‐reproductive female Damaraland mole‐rats,Fukomys damarensis (Rodentia: Bathyergidae)

The Damaraland mole‐rat is a subterranean mammal exhibiting extreme reproductive skew with a single reproductive female in each colony responsible for procreation. Non‐reproductive female colony members are physiologically suppressed while in the colony, exhibiting reduced concentrations of plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and a decreased response of the pituitary, as measured by the release of bioactive LH, to an exogenous dose of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH). Removal of the reproductive female from the colony results in an elevation of LH and an enhanced response of the pituitary to a GnRH challenge in non‐reproductive females comparable to reproductive females, implying control of reproduction in these individuals by the reproductive female. The Damaraland mole‐rat is an ideal model for investigating the physiological and behavioral mechanisms that regulate the hypothalamo–pituitary–gonadal axis. In contrast, we know less about the control of reproduction at the level of the hypothalamus. The immunohistochemistry of the GnRH system of both reproductive and non‐reproductive female Damaraland mole‐rats has revealed no significant differences with respect to morphology, distribution or numbers of immunoreactive GnRH perikarya. We examined whether the endogenous opioid peptide beta‐endorphin was responsible for the inhibition of the release of the GnRH from the neurons indirectly by measuring LH concentrations in these non‐reproductive females following single, hourly and 8 hourly injections of the opioid antagonist naloxone. The results imply that the endogenous opioid peptide, beta‐endorphin, is not responsible for the inhibition of GnRH release from the perikarya in non‐reproductive females. Preliminary data examining the circulating levels of cortisol also do not support a role for circulating glucocorticoids. The possible role of kisspeptin is discussed.     

Time-course comparison of pulmonary inflammation induced by intratracheal instillation of four different nickel oxide nanoparticles in male Fischer rats

Occupational exposure to nickel oxide (NiO) is an important cause of respiratory tract cancer. Toxicity is known to be associated with the dissociated component, i.e. nickel (II) ions. To address the relationship between physicochemical properties, including solubility in artificial lysosomal fluid, of NiO and time-course changes in the pulmonary response, we conducted an intratracheal instillation study in male Fischer rats using four different well-characterized NiO products, US3352 (NiO A), NovaWireNi01 (NiO B), I small particle (NiO C), and 637130 (NiO D). The NiOs were suspended in purified water and instilled once intratracheally into male F344 rats (12 weeks old) at 0 (vehicle control), 0.67, 2, and 6 mg/kg body weight. The animals were euthanized on days 3, 28, or 91 after instillation, and blood analysis, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) testing, and histopathological examination were performed. The most soluble product, NiO B, caused the most severe systemic toxicity, leading to a high mortality rate, but the response was transient and surviving animals recovered. The second-most-soluble material, NiO D, and the third, NiO A, caused evident pulmonary inflammation, and the responses persisted for at least 91 days with collagen proliferation. In contrast, NiO C induced barely detectable inflammation in the BALF examination, and no marked changes were noted on histopathology. These results indicate that the early phase toxic potential of NiO products, but not the persistence of pulmonary inflammation, is associated with their solubility.     

IFN-γR和ER在大鼠下丘脑中的共存

为了探讨神经-免疫-内分泌网络中生物活性物质间相互调节和平衡的关系,本试验应用免疫组化双标记法对成年SD雌性大鼠下丘脑中IFN-γ受体（IFN-γR）和雌激素受体（ER）的共表达进行了研究。结果发现,IFN-γR和ER广泛存在于大鼠下丘脑中,其中在视前交叉上核、视前内侧核、室周核、交叉上核、下丘脑前核、下丘脑内侧核、下丘脑外侧核、乳头体前背侧核、乳头体前腹侧核等13个核团中存在大量的IFN-γR和ER双标记细胞,双标记细胞约占全部阳性标记细胞的60．9％;双标记细胞胞质呈黑褐色、胞核呈棕黄色;ER单标着色细胞以神经胶质细胞居多。研究结果表明,IFN-γ和雌激素可以分别以其各自受体为介质进行信号传递和信息整合,同时也通过在同一细胞中的相互作用而参与机体的神经-免疫-内分泌调节。     

螺虫乙酯在染毒雄性大鼠体内的分布与代谢

建立了采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪(UPLC-MS/MS)检测不同动物样品中螺虫乙酯及其主要代谢物残留量的方法,并研究了螺虫乙酯在大鼠体内的吸收与代谢。样品中螺虫乙酯及其主要代谢物经甲醇提取及C18固相萃取(SPE)柱净化后,用UPLC-MS/MS检测。结果显示,所建立方法快速、灵敏,每个样品上机检测仅需3 min,方法的最低检出浓度(LOQ)为0.005 mg/kg。对按照每千克体重每日250 mg剂量染毒28 d后的大鼠体内螺虫乙酯残留量的检测结果表明:螺 虫乙酯在睾丸、肝脏、肺、肾、心脏、血浆等器官和组织中的残留量较低,平均在0.012~0.025 mg/kg 之间,且分布差异不显著,而脂肪和肌肉中螺虫乙酯的残留量显著低于睾丸和肝脏中的残留量(P P 肾>血浆>肺>心脏>睾丸>脂肪>肌肉。     

Anti-allergic effects of the brown alga <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eisenia arborea</Emphasis> on Brown Norway rats

To investigate the anti-allergic effects of the brown alga Eisenia arborea. A strain of Brown Norway rats know to strongly respond to immunoglobulin E (IgE) were used as an allergy model animal. The rats were immunized with ovalbumin by oral administration. The levels of serum IgE and histamine were suppressed in the rats fed a diet supplemented with dried E. arborea powder. As for the cytokine pattern, the interferon-γ production in the spleens and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) was enhanced, and the interleukin-4 (IL-4) production in the spleens and/or IL-10 production in the spleens and MLN were suppressed. These results, together with the change in the Th1/Th2 balance, indicate that the rats fed with E. arborea became more anti-allergic, suggesting that E. arborea might possess anti-allergic effects.     

诱捕井防治森林鼠害的试验

利用塑料瓶投放诱饵设置诱捕井的办法防治森林害鼠 ,1hm2 设 5 0个诱捕井 (10m× 2 0m ) ,2 4h诱捕率 90 % ,防治效果 90 6 %。