阿根廷大豆生产和科研概况

介绍了阿根廷大豆生产发展的历史、产区分布、品种类型、育种方法、品种试验程序、栽培技术、病虫草害防治、推广体系等情况,分析了过去10年阿根廷大豆生产迅速发展的原因.作者认为,中国应借鉴阿根廷大豆产业发展的经验,大力推进轮作、免耕、深松、秸秆还田、根瘤菌肥等先进、实用技术,并加快转基因大豆的研究和推广.     

Increase of in vitro regeneration in Malus domestica by the application of phosphatase inhibitors

The effect of the phosphatase inhibitors sodium fluoride and sodium orthovanadaate on adventitious shoot regeneration from primary leaf explants was tested in eight genotypes of apple Malus domestica Borkh. Ten different concentrations between 0.5 and 100μM of each substance were added to a modified Murashige and Skoog regeneration medium containing 0.9 μM TDZ and 0.5 μM IBA. In general, all the con-centrations tested were able to promote shoot formation, although distinct maxima could be observed depending upon the genotype and the inhibitor. Shoot yield was influenced mostly by the genotype and by the concentration of the inhibitor, as well as the interaction between these two factors. In six of the eight genotypes the total number of regenerated shoots increased significantly compared with the control. This was achieved by an increase of the number of regenerating explants as well as the number of shoots per regenerating explant Comparing these results with those of former publications, application of the two phosphatase inhibitors resulted in an improved regeneration response in the corresponding genotypes. This method may also contribute to the understanding of in vitro regeneration in plants.     

Monitoring of QoI fungicide resistance in Plasmopara viticola populations in Japan

BACKGROUND: The increasing occurrence of QoI fungicide resistance in Plasmopara viticola (Berk. & MA Curtis) Berl. & DeToni populations is becoming a serious problem in the control of grapevine downy mildew. In Japan, the existence of QoI‐fungicide‐resistant P. viticola was reported in 2009. RESULTS: The QoI fungicide resistance in P. viticola samples collected from vineyards in Japan in 2008 and 2009 was monitored. Resistant P. viticola were detected in the regions where QoI fungicides have been introduced in accordance with the pest management programme, whereas in Hokkaido vineyards, where QoI fungicides have not yet been introduced, QoI‐fungicide‐resistant P. viticola were not found. CONCLUSION: Japan comprises thousands of islands and is physically isolated from other countries by the sea. Monitoring the emergence, incidence and distribution of QoI fungicide resistance in P. viticola populations in Japan is necessary to improve pest management strategies for downy mildew disease in Japanese vineyards. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Design and Synthesis of Novel Phenylahistin Derivatives Based on Co-Crystal Structures as Potent Microtubule Inhibitors for Anti-Cancer Therapy

Phenylahistin is a naturally occurring marine product with a diketopiperazine structure that can bind to the colchicine site of microtubulin as a possible anticancer agent. To develop more potent microtubule inhibitors, novel phenylahistin derivatives were designed and synthesized based on the co-crystal complexes of phenylahistin derivatives and microtubulin. We established a focused library of imidazole-type molecules for the introduction of different groups to the C-ring and A-ring of phenylahistin. Structure–activity relationship studies indicated that appropriate hydrocarbon substituents and unsaturated alkenyl substituents at the 1-position of the imidazole group are important for improving the activity of such compounds. In addition, this study found that propylamine groups could maintain the activity of these compounds, as exemplified by compound 16d (IC₅₀ = 5.38 nM, NCI-H460). Compound 15p (IC₅₀ = 1.03 nM, NCI-H460) with an allyl group exhibited potent cytotoxic activity at the nanomolar level against human lung cancer cell lines. Immunofluorescence assay indicated that compound 15p could efficiently inhibited microtubule polymerization and induced a high expression of caspase-3. 15p also displayed good pharmacokinetic characteristics in vitro. Additionally, the growth of H22 transplanted tumors was significantly inhibited in BALB/c mice when 15p alone was administered at 4 mg/kg, and the tumor inhibition rate was as much as 65%. Importantly, the continuous administration of 15p resulted in a lower toxicity than that of docetaxel (10 mg/kg) and cyclophosphamide (20 mg/kg). Overall, the novel allyl-imidazole-diketopiperazine-type derivatives could be considered safe and effective potential agents for cancer treatment.     

PCR-ELISA法对大豆品种的转基因定性检测研究

以共价交联在PCR管壁上的寡核苷酸作为固相引物进行PCR扩增,对PCR扩增的固相和液相产物分别进行杂交和凝胶电泳检测的PCR-ELISA法,对黑龙江省常规选育品种合丰35和黑农37、外源DNA直接导入大豆的分子育种所获品种黑生101、及大连进口的美国2号等大豆,进行转基因定性检测.结果表明:该方法高效可靠,可作为一种快速定性检测转基因产品的方法;检测结果:美国2号为转基因大豆,黑生101、合丰35和黑农37为非转基因大豆.上述结果对分子育种、生态保护、安全监测及对建立黑龙江省非转基因大豆生产保护区等具有重要意义.     

大豆高脂肪组合初世代脂肪含量相关性研究Ⅰ——F2代高脂肪组合脂肪含量相关性研究

试验选择高产或高脂肪的7个大豆亲本,根据不同配制方案分成两组,采用NCII设计,配成8个组合.探讨杂交初世代(F2～F4)脂肪含量与组合的配置方案、产量、百粒重及亲本的相关性,加快高脂肪大豆选育进程.结果表明:F2代脂肪含量与组合的配制呈极显著相关,高×高的配制方案出现高脂肪材料的几率高;与单株粒重的相关出现不同的情况,5个组合呈正相关、3个组合呈负相关;与百粒重的相关表现为负相关.F2代脂肪含量与父本的脂肪含量呈一定的正相关,但不显著;与母本脂肪含量及中亲值呈极显著的正相关.     

几种脲酶抑制剂对大豆脲酶和绵羊瘤胃微生物脲酶的抑制作用

本文研究了脲酶抑制剂乙酰氧肟酸 (AHA)、邻苯二酚、氢醌 (HQ)和硼砂对大豆脲酶和绵羊瘤胃微生物脲酶的抑制作用。结果表明 ,在浓度为 0 .0 0 0 1,0 .0 0 1,0 .0 1和 0 .1mmol/L时 ,4种脲酶抑制剂对大豆脲酶的抑制率分别为 :AHA为 6 % ,6 .2 % ,9.6 6 %和 2 9.79% ;HQ为 8.4 % ,13.0 3% ,19.79%和 4 4 .75 % ;邻苯二酚为 2 0 .34% ,19.12 % ,83.16 %和 93.78% ;而硼砂为 16 .5 5 % ,17.18% ,18.95 %和 35 .5 0 %。在相同浓度下 ,4种脲酶抑制剂对绵羊瘤胃微生物脲酶的抑制率分别为 :AHA为 9.5 8% ,14 .0 4 % ,4 1.30 %和 72 .73% ;HQ为 12 .2 1% ,39.99% ,6 4 .6 2 %和 78.87% ;邻苯二酚为 6 .0 7% ,9.36 % ,31.2 9%和 5 0 .4 4 % ;而硼砂分别为 4 .97% ,8.6 3% ,2 1.78%和 32 .0 2 %。     

核桃楸枝条,插穗中生根抑制物质的含量

通过红心萝卜种子发芽试验表明核桃楸母树体内存在着生根抑制物质．枝皮内的生根抑制物质含量随母树年龄的增加而提高；生根抑制物质含量在高生长旺盛期枝皮内最低，在休眠期含量最高；平茬具有较强的生理复幼作用，根萌枝条皮内的生根抑制物质含量较低；插穗在扦插过程中皮内生根抑制物质含量逐渐降低．     

2007年吉林省大豆主要病虫害发生及相应防治对策

从2007年8月19日到9月15日对吉林省全省9个地区25个市县乡镇大豆生产田,省大豆区试、生试大豆田的主要病虫害发生情况进行了定点调查和病样采集。结果表明:近年由于气候的原因,大豆霜霉病和大豆褐斑病中等偏重发生,大豆蚜虫个别地区大发生。依据调查情况,提出了相应的大豆病害防治对策。