Optimizing the lighting regime for Alstroemeria with respect to photoperiod and fluence rates

The Alstroemeria cultivars Diamond, King Cardinal and Libelle were grown for 18 months under five lighting regimes with, and without, soil cooling. The aim was to optimize the daily investment of light energy from artificial sources with respect to photoperiod and photosynthetic fluence rates and to elucidate possible links between reactions to photoperiod and root-zone temperature. The more photons (photosynthetically active radiation, PAR) that were supplied to the plants per day (8, 11 and 13 mol m⁻²), the higher was the total production of flowering stems. The total yield from regimes with 13 mol m⁻² day⁻¹ was higher when the light was spread over 20 and 16 h compared to 12 h. In treatments with soil cooling, the plants flowered continuously under all combinations of photoperiods and photosynthetic fluence rates, and the summer and autumn recession in flower production that occurred for non-cooled ‘King Cardinal' and ‘Diamond' was the same under all lighting regimes. It is concluded that it might be more cost-effective to spread the daily investment of light over 20 rather than 16 or 12 h when the total energy budget and CO₂ costs are taken into consideration.     

土壤中铝与各类型表面的吸附及释放机理的研究进展

综述了土壤中铝与各类型表面的吸附反应、铝的吸附对土壤和粘土矿物化学和物理性质的影响、以及土壤中铝的释放过程和机理。     

基于地基激光雷达监测不同地表覆盖条件的土壤侵蚀试验研究

土壤侵蚀量是土壤退化风险评估的重要指标,地基激光雷达(TLS)为土壤侵蚀量动态监测提供新技术手段,但野外不同地表覆盖条件对监测精度的影响尚不明确。基于2019年11月和2021年7月在鹰潭红壤生态实验站获取的地表裸露、石块、稀疏象草、马尾松、马尾松+石块,马尾松+稀疏象草等不同地表覆盖条件的6个径流小区两期TLS数据,运用移动曲面拟合滤波和反距离加权插值方法估算土壤侵蚀量,结合实测侵蚀量数据评价TLS精度,并探讨不同地表覆盖条件下TLS的最小变化识别度(minLOD)。研究表明,TLS监测精度与土壤侵蚀量呈正相关关系,更适用于中等强度以上或长时间发生明显侵蚀的土壤侵蚀区监测。不同地表覆盖条件下minLOD为4～60 mm,TLS监测相对误差(RE)依次为：地表裸露(RE=–9.4%)<马尾松+石块(RE=12.6%)<石块(RE=15.5%)<稀疏象草(RE=–18.9%)<马尾松(RE=23.4%)<马尾松+稀疏象草(RE=–25.2%);地表覆盖条件不仅影响土壤侵蚀强度、地表粗糙度,也产生点云滤波及空间插值误差,进而影响TLS识别minLOD准确度和土...     

岷江上游杂谷脑河谷土壤发生特征与系统分类研究

为了解岷江上游杂谷脑河谷的土壤发生特征及类型归属,以位于四川阿坝藏族羌族自治州理县杂谷脑河谷的8个典型土壤剖面为研究对象,通过野外成土因素调查与土壤形态特征观测及室内土壤物理、化学性质分析,依据《中国土壤系统分类检索(第三版)》(简称系统分类)与《中国土壤(1998)》(简称发生分类)鉴定其类型。研究表明,8个剖面均为温性土壤温度状况、半干润土壤水分状况;土壤色调为7.5YR和10YR,部分剖面表层明度和彩度均低于3.5,达到暗沃表层的颜色要求;土壤颗粒组成以粉粒含量最高、砂粒次之、黏粒最低,质地为壤土或粉质壤土;土壤结构主要为亚角块状,部分剖面表层为团粒结构;部分剖面中具有腐殖质、黏粒胶膜及假菌丝体等新生体,形成黏化层和钙积层;均具石灰性,主要为碱性到强碱性反应;有机碳含量范围1.64～61.45 g/kg,部分剖面含量自上而下逐渐降低,具有均腐质特性;游离铁含量为10.78～19.57 g/kg,个别剖面B层均在14 g/kg以上,具有铁质特性;有效磷含量为1.2～43.1 mg/kg,个别符合肥熟表层和磷质耕作淀积层的有效磷含量要求。供试土壤在中国土壤系统分类中归属于人为土、均腐...     

三种城市景观竹土壤微生物群落结构特征

为探究城市景观竹林对土壤微生物群落的影响,选取上海辰山植物园种植的3种景观竹,利用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序结合土壤理化指标分析研究了不同景观竹林对土壤理化性质和微生物群落结构特征的影响。结果表明：不同竹林土壤全磷、有效磷、有机质、全氮、全钾含量和电导率存在显著差异(P<0.05);土壤细菌丰富度和多样性指数在毛竹林土壤中最高,在淡竹林土壤中最低;土壤细菌优势门为放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi),真菌优势门为子囊菌门(Ascomycota),其中放线菌门和绿弯菌门在淡竹林土壤中的相对丰度最高,且显著高于其他竹林,而变形菌门、粘球菌门(Myxococcota)的相对丰度在毛竹林土壤中最高,土壤真菌优势门在不同竹林间的差异不显著。此外,土壤细菌群落结构和丰度受土壤p H、硝态氮、电导率、全磷、铵态氮、含水率、速效钾和微生物生物量碳影响显著,而真菌群落变化受全磷、电导率和全钾影响显著。     

烟秆生物质炭与化肥配施对植烟土壤有机碳组分及微生物的影响

采用盆栽试验,设置空白对照(CK)、化肥(F)、烟秆生物质炭(B)、烟秆生物质炭配施化肥(BF)4个施肥水平,配施化肥参考烟草专用肥养分配比(N︰P2O5︰K2O=12︰7︰22)与烟秆生物质炭混合施用,探究烟秆生物质炭与化肥配施对植烟土壤有机碳组分及微生物的影响。结果表明：(1)与单施烟秆生物质炭相比,烟秆生物质炭与化肥配施土壤pH显著降低6.59%;土壤有机碳(SOC)和易氧化有机碳(EOC)含量显著增加,但土壤可溶性有机碳(DOC)含量显著降低29.63%,土壤颗粒有机碳(POC)和微生物生物量碳(MBC)影响不显著;(2)与单施化肥相比,烟秆生物质炭与化肥配施使得土壤脱氢酶活性大幅提高近2倍;而与单施烟秆生物质炭相比,土壤蔗糖酶、脱氢酶和过氧化氢酶活性则显著降低;(3)烟秆生物质炭与化肥配施,能够提高土壤细菌群落丰富度及物种多样性;同时,与单施烟秆生物质炭相比,配施化肥使参与土壤有机质分解的土壤绿弯菌门相对丰度提高了16.79%,但土壤细菌α、β多样性显著降低;(4)RDA分析表明,土壤SOC、EOC、POC、MBC是影响土壤有机质分解和参与碳循环细菌分布的主要因素。综上所述,...     

活性天然有机肥在萝卜上的肥效研究

研究了活性天然有机肥在萝卜上的肥效。结果表明:与常规施肥和不施肥相比,施用活性天然有机肥可促进萝卜的生长,改善其品质,显著促进萝卜增产,增产分别达28.3%和59.2%。土壤耕层有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量分别增加13.20%~23.07%、14.81%~47.61%、12.70%~31.87%、21.57%~40.91%。根际土壤中细菌、真菌、放线菌的数量依次增加45.45%~60.00%、14.29%~33.33%、44.19%~100.00%。     

Effects of land management practices and land cover types on soil loss and crop productivity in Ethiopia: A review

Identifying land management practices (LMPs) that enhance on-site sediment management and crop productivity is crucial for the prevention, reduction, and restoration of land degradation and contributing to achieving land degradation neutrality (LDN). We reviewed studies in Ethiopia to assess the effects of LMPs on soil loss (84 studies) and crop productivity (34 studies) relative to control practice. Yield variability on conserved lands was assessed using 12,796 fixed plot data. Effects of LMP on soil loss were 0.5–55 t ha⁻¹y⁻¹ compared to control practices yielding 50 to 140 t ha⁻¹y⁻¹. More than 55% of soil loss records revealed soil loss less than the tolerable rate (10 t ha⁻¹). Area closure, perennial vegetation cover, agronomic practices, mechanical erosion control practices, annual cropland cover, and drainage groups of practices led to 74.0 ± 18.3%, 69.0 ± 24.6%, 66.2 ± 30.5%, 66.1 ± 18.0%, 63.5 ± 20.0%, and 40 ± 11,1% soil loss reduction, respectively. A yield increase of 25.2 ± 15.0%, 37.5 ± 28.0%, and 75.4 ± 85.0% was found from drainage, agronomy, and mechanical erosion control practices, respectively. The average yield loss by erosion on fields without appropriate land management practice and on conserved fields was 26.5 ± 26.0% and 25 ± 3.7%, respectively. The findings suggest that practices that entail a continuous presence of soil cover during the rainy season, perennial vegetation, retention of moisture, and barriers for sediment transport were most effective at decreasing soil loss and increasing productivity. This review provides evidence to identify the best LMP practices for wider adoption and inform decision-making on LMP investments towards achieving sustainable solutions to reverse land degradation.     

黄土高原果园不同覆盖模式对土壤酶活性的影响

为探究土壤绝对酶活性和相对酶活性在果园不同覆盖模式下的变化特征及相关影响因素,为果园土壤质量评价提供理论依据,本试验以传统清耕(Conventional tillage, CT)为对照,研究秸秆(Corn stalk, CS)、黑麦草(Lolium perenne L. Ryrgrass, RE)和白三叶(Trifolium repens L. White clover, WC)处理下α-葡萄糖苷酶(α-glucosidase, AG)、β-葡萄糖苷酶(β-glucosidase, BG)、β-木糖苷酶(β-xylosidase, BXYL)、纤维二糖苷酶(Cellobiosidase, CBH)、乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶(Acetylglucosaminidase, NAG)、亮氨酸氨基肽酶(L-leucine aminopeptidase, LAP)和碱性磷酸酶(Alkaline phosphatase, ALP)变化特征及影响因素。结果表明,覆盖措施不同程度提高了0～40 cm各土层土壤绝对酶活性。AG,BG,BXYL,CBH,NAG和ALP活性表现为CS>RE>WC>...     

藏沙蒿与多年生禾草混播对西藏沙化草地土壤酶活性和微生物生物量的影响

为分析藏沙蒿(Artemisia wellbyi)与多年生禾草混播3年的土壤酶活性和微生物生物量的含量特征,筛选出修复效果最好的混播比例,本研究采用比色和氯仿熏蒸的方法分别测定不同处理下的土壤酶活性和微生物生物量,以藏沙蒿、垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)和细茎冰草(Agropyron trachycaulhum)不同比例混播为处理,分别为T₁(4∶1∶2),T₂(4∶2∶1)和T₃(5∶1∶1),同时以未修复沙化草地为对照(CK),并与天然草地(NG)作比较。结果表明：与CK相比,3个比例混播处理均能改善土壤理化性质、提高土壤酶活性和微生物生物量碳氮磷含量,以T₃处理的效果最好。相关性分析表明,土壤酶活性与有机质、速效钾和全氮呈正相关;土壤微生物生物量与有效磷、碱解氮和含水量呈正相关。因此,灌草混播时,适当增加灌木的占比有利于土壤养分及生物学特性的恢复。