Polyphenols in Eucalyptus leaves improved the egg and meat qualities and protected against ethanol‐induced oxidative damage in laying hens

Polyphenols in Eucalyptus leaves (PE) were value resources due to various pharmacological activities, but data on the effect on laying hens are very scare. This study was conducted to determine the effect of PE on the laying performance, egg traits, meat quality, antioxidant status and liver tissues of laying hens. One hundred and twenty 256‐day‐old Yueqinhuang laying hens were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (different levels of PE at 0, 0.5, 0.8 and 1.2 g/kg diet) for 63 days with 15 replicates per group. Addition of 0.8 g/kg PE not only improved the egg trait by increasing the eggshell thickness and decreasing MDA production and cholesterol content in the egg yolk, but also significantly enhanced meat quality of hens, as suggested by the increase pH_45 min (p < .01) and a* value, and decrease drip loss rate (p < .01). Meanwhile, under acute ethanol‐induced oxidative damage condition, supplementation of 0.8 g/kg PE enhanced the serum antioxidant status by increasing enzymatic activities (GSH‐PX, T‐SOD, T‐AOC), inhibited oxidative damage and provided protective effect to liver tissue. In conclusion, addition of 0.8 g/kg PE not only improved the egg traits and meat quality without obvious adverse effects, but also increased the serum antioxidant status of the hens and protected their liver tissue from ethanol‐induced oxidative damage. This study indicated that PE could be utilized as an effective feed additive for laying hens to improve health performance and egg traits.     

Idiopathic eosinophilic colitis lesions of the equine small (descending) colon

Five horses with a primary surgical lesion of the small (descending) colon were diagnosed with eosinophilic colitis based on visual and histopathological examination. These were evident as visibly striking, hyperaemic, focal lesions of the small colon, with serosal petechiation, oedema and marked thickening of the intestinal wall at the site. Areas of focal necrosis were also evident. The gross appearance of the lesions were considered to be sufficiently severe in all cases to merit resection, due to concerns about intestinal necrosis and septic peritonitis. An inability to fully exteriorise the affected portion of intestine to perform a resection and anastomosis necessitated intraoperative euthanasia of one horse. A total of three horses survived to hospital discharge. Eosinophilic colitis lesions are a rare cause of severe small colon disease, but should be considered in cases with similar visual characteristics.     

高坡猪GH基因不同基因型对其部分生产性能的影响

采用PCR-RFLP-ApaⅠ方法检测高坡猪GH基因-119~ 486 bp片段的多态性,探讨了不同基因型对其部分生产性能的影响。结果表明:产生2个等位基因A(449 bp)和B(316 133 bp),其频率分别为0.54和0.46;3种基因型:AA、AB和BB,其频率分别为0.26、0.56和0.18;除6月龄腹围和背膘厚外,其余指标值均以BB基因型最高,AA基因型的6月龄腹围和瘦肉率与BB基因型相比差异显著(P<0.05),其他指标在各基因型间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。表明,A可能是小型猪的有利等位基因,B则可能是大型猪的有利等位基因。     

基于DEB理论的皱纹盘鲍个体生长模型参数的测定

为获取皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai)个体生长模型所需的6个关键参数,设计了饥饿耗能、温度对耗氧的影响等相关生理实验,计算得到各项参数值。单位体积维持耗能率的值 、形成单位体积结构物质所需的能量值 、单位体积最大储存能量 和储备能量值 4个参数,通过连续测定皱纹盘鲍饥饿过程中呼吸耗氧率和软组织干重不断下降直至保持稳定时的能量值计算;温度函数中Arrhenius温度 的数值根据皱纹盘鲍在不同温度梯度下的单位干重耗氧率测定、计算;形状系数δm值通过统计测量的壳长、软组织湿重等生物学参数拟合回归得到。结果显示,皱纹盘鲍在饥饿后,呼吸耗氧率和软组织干重分别降低了26.3%和70.0%,呼吸耗氧率由2.69 mg/(ind.?h)逐渐降低并稳定在0.8 mg/(ind.?h),软组织干重由(5.21±0.89) g降低至(3.84±0.22) g;根据公式计算得 和 的值分别为20.18 J/(cm3?d)和8120 J/cm;皱纹盘鲍饥饿前后有机物含量分别为80%和58%,经过换算, 和 的值分别为2726 J/cm3和32583 J/g。不同规格的皱纹盘鲍在水温为5℃~20℃范围内,温度与单位干重耗氧率呈正比;当水温超过20℃之后,温度与单位干重耗氧率呈反比。在转折点20℃之前,单位干重耗氧率的ln值与温度(热力学温度,K)的倒数呈线性关系,线性回归方程斜率的绝对值为Arrhenius温度 值( =7196 K)。生物学统计分析鲍壳长(L)与体积(V)呈三次函数关系：V=0.0639 L3.1621(R²=0.9852),根据公式对软组织湿重的立方根与壳长进行线性回归,所得的斜率即为形状系数δm值(δm=0.43)。本研究对建立以DEB理论为指导的皱纹盘鲍个体生长模型提供了数据支撑。     

小桐子繁育系统与传粉生态学研究

在野外定位观测小桐子花朵的功能形态特征、开花动态、传粉方式,用杂交指数(OCI)、花粉/胚珠比(P/O)、去雄、套袋、人工授粉等方法分别测定小桐子的繁育系统.结果显示:(1)小桐子是单性花,雌雄同株同序.雄花单花期2 d,雌花单花期5～8 d,雌花直径略大于雄花.(2)雄花开花后9 h内花粉活力较高,24 h后花粉活力明显降低,48 h后花粉基本散失活力;雌花柱头可授性在开花后4 d内最强,5～8 d可授性开始降低,第9天基本失去可授性.(3)传粉方式以虫媒传粉为主,为虫媒植物.(4)繁育系统检测结果为部分自交亲和异交,需要传粉者活动才能完成授粉过程.     

小径木白桦锯材不同加热方式下含水率的变化

讨论小径木白桦锯材在连续加热和间歇加热方式下含水率的变化规律.结果表明:小径木白桦锯材的干燥速率在含水率15%以后明显降低,前期干燥过程锯材的干燥速率比后期的高2～3倍;间歇加热方式有利于内部水分向外扩散,间歇时间对干燥速率的影响很小;干燥过程中锯材厚度方向上的含水率梯度呈不对称分布,这与小径木的心材占较大比例有一定关系;间歇加热减少了锯材内含水率梯度的变化值,同时减少了应力的产生,从而提高了干燥质量.     

新疆杨胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因的克隆与表达

杨树受损伤后能诱导一些基因的表达,其编码的蛋白质可能在杨树的防卫反应中起一定作用.用PCR方法从新疆杨叶片中克隆出一个损伤诱导型Kunitz胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因PaTI1.序列分析表明:此基因不含内含子,其翻译起点上游具有'TATA'和 'CCAAT'等转录控制元件,包含的阅读框架能编码一个长为213个氨基酸的多肽.此多肽与克隆自美洲山杨的PtTI2 和PtTI1氨基酸序列同源性最高,分别为95%和80%,其N端存在一长度为27个氨基酸的信号肽.将此基因以融合蛋白的形式在大肠杆菌中进行表达,纯化后的融合蛋白对胰蛋白酶的活性有抑制作用,每8.5 μg融合蛋白可完全抑制1 μg牛胰蛋白酶的活性.Western blot分析表明融合蛋白与PtTI2特异的抗体之间有明显的血清学反应.     

利用兽药典方法对青霉素钾工业盐和原料药的检测比较

为了辨别青霉素钾工业盐和青霉素钾原料药,依据《中国兽药典》中青霉素钾的质量标准,对四家青霉素原料药生产企业提供的4批青霉素钾工业盐和4批青霉素钾原料药进行了检测,项目包括性状、鉴别、吸光度、结晶性、溶液澄清度与颜色、青霉素聚合物、干燥失重、不溶性微粒、酸碱度、有关物质、细菌内毒素、可见异物、无菌和含量测定。结果表明,8批样品均符合现行兽药典青霉素钾标准中各项规定,但结果无法用以区分青霉素钾工业盐和青霉素钾原料药,提示青霉素钾的质量标准需进一步完善,以提高对成品药——注射用青霉素钾的质量控制。     

基于ITS分析云南光叶桑和钦州长果桑在桑属中的亲缘关系及分化时间

云南光叶桑、钦州长果桑在形态分类学上均属同一桑种Morus macroura。通过PCR扩增2份地方品种资源材料的ITS序列并分析序列差异及构建系统进化树,阐明各自在桑属中的遗传分化关系。2份材料的ITS序列长度均为576 bp,其中:云南光叶桑的G+C含量为59.90%,碱基序列45位A变G,560位T变G,与昆明奶桑(Morus macroura)、荥经川桑(Morus notabilis)、云南毛叶奶桑(Morus macroura var.mawa)、云南长穗桑(Morus wittiorum)、云南奶桑(Morus macroura)、雅安华桑(Morus cathayana)同在第Ⅰ类群,有较近的亲缘关系;钦州长果桑的G+C含量为59.72%,碱基序列45位为A,560位T变G,与云南华桑(Morus cathayana)同在第Ⅱ类群,有较近的亲缘关系。应用松散分子钟方法估算云南光叶桑与荥经川桑、雅安华桑、云南长穗桑的分化时间为8.23 Ma,钦州长果桑与云南华桑的分化时间为9.67 Ma,二者起源的地质年代是新第三纪中新世与上新世之交,是为了抵御地球寒冷、旱化,向南、向山地迁移形成的物种。