基于铱星通信技术的土壤墒情远程监测网络研究

为了实现野外偏远、无GPRS信号地区土壤墒情、温度及降雨量的远程无线实时监测,设计了一套由土壤墒情及相关影响信息实时采集系统、铱星通信以及互联网技术构成的"物联网"架构式土壤墒情实时监测系统,围绕铱星SBD(Short burst data)终端模块9602开发了具有独立知识产权的数据采集系统。该系统实现了智能化、网络化的土壤墒情实时监测,以及历史数据的查询、下载,根据设定阈值进行短信报警、传感器和通信故障报警等功能。该系统自2011年8月在山东省、北京市等地运行以来,可以安全、稳定、可靠地获取监测土壤含水率、温度及降雨量信息。通过试验可知铱星通信在空旷地带成功率为97.2%,单个节点通信费用为每月200元(12 000字节),达到了对土壤墒情、温度和降雨量变化规律进行长期监测的目的。     

中高浓度螺旋纸浆泵的设计

介绍了螺旋离心纸浆泵的使用状况，对单叶片螺旋离心泵的进口结构进行了改进，提供了在这种叶轮上加置短叶片的设计方案，给出了单螺旋叶轮主要几何参数选取的经验公式。     

黏虫CYP9A134基因的克隆及其解毒功能

昆虫体内的细胞色素P450酶系统在昆虫解毒过程中发挥着重要作用。本次试验通过转录组测序获得一条新的黏虫P450基因,经国际委员会命名为CYP9A134（登录号为MT990973）。该序列全长为1801 bp,开放序列长度为1596 bp,编码531个氨基酸,分子质量为61.42 kDa,等电点为4.90。在黏虫幼虫阶段用2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯和20%氯虫苯甲酰胺诱导时该基因表达量会有不同程度上升,最高的可分别达对照组的2.6倍和6.5倍。RNA干扰后,该基因表达量最低下降了70%,以上2种杀虫剂LD30杀虫效果分别提高了13%和25%;在黏虫成虫阶段用20%氯虫苯甲酰胺LD30诱导时,该基因表达量最高可达7.8倍。RNA干扰后,该基因表达量最低下降了61%,LD30剂量的氯虫苯甲酰胺杀虫效果提高26%。结果表明,该基因可能在杀虫剂诱导的解毒代谢过程中发挥重要作用。     

Identifying and Characterizing a Novel Peritrophic Matrix Protein (MdPM-17) Associated With Antibacterial Response From the Housefly,Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)

Peritrophic matrix/membrane (PM) critically prevents the midgut of insects from external invasion by microbes. The proteins in the peritrophic membrane are its major structural components. Additionally, they determine the formation and function of this membrane. However, the role of PM proteins in immune regulation is unclear. Herein, we isolated a novel PM protein (MdPM-17) from Musca domestica larvae. Further, the function of MdPM-17 in regulating host innate immunity was identified. Results showed that the cDNA of MdPM-17 full is 635 bp in length. Moreover, it consists of a 477-bp open reading frame encoding 158 amino acid residues. These amino acid residues are composed of two Chitin-binding type-2 domain (ChtBD2) and 19 amino acids as a signal peptide. Moreover, tissue distribution analysis indicates that MdPM-17 was enriched expressed in midgut, and moderate levels in the fat body, foregut, and malpighian tubule. Notably, MdPM-17 recombinant protein showed high chitin-binding capacity, thus belongs to the Class III PM protein group. MdPM-17 protein silencing via RNA interference resulted in the expression of antimicrobial peptide (defensin, cecropins, and diptericin) genes, and this occurred after oral inoculation with exogenous microbes Escherichia coli (Enterobacteriales:Enterobacteriaceae), Staphylococcus aureus (Bacillales:Staphylococcaceae), and Candida albicans (Endomycetales:Saccharomycetaceae)). Therefore, all the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) gene expression levels are high in MdPM-17-depleted larvae during microbial infection compared to controls. Consequently, these findings indicate that MdPM-17 protein is associated with the antibacterial response from the housefly.     

高通量测序发现河南开封、中牟西瓜病毒病由多种病毒复合侵染导致

 调查发现河南省开封市祥符区和郑州市中牟县西瓜田病毒病严重发生,症状表现为叶片黄化、蕨叶、皱缩、卷曲,枝梢翘起,果实变小和瓜纹不清。为明确其病毒种类,通过小RNA测序及生物信息学分析发现采集的西瓜样本中存在8种病毒。其中包括5种已知病毒:小西葫芦黄花叶病毒(Zucchini yellow mosaic virus, ZYMV)、甜瓜蚜传黄化病毒(Melon aphid-borne yellows virus, MABYV)、西瓜花叶病毒(Watermelon mosaic virus, WMV)、黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒(Cucumber green mottle mo-saic virus, CGMMV)和西瓜隐潜病毒(Citrullus lanatus cryptic virus, CiLCV);3种为新检出的RNA病毒:西瓜病毒A(Watermelon virus A, WVA)、西瓜皱叶相关病毒1号(Watermelon crinkle leaf-associated virus 1, WCLaV-1)和西瓜皱叶相关病毒2号(Watermelon crinkle leaf-associated virus 2, WCLaV-2)。RT-PCR检测田间66个西瓜标样发现,WMV、CiLCV和ZYMV是侵染两地西瓜的主要病毒,其阳性检出率分别为61%、56%和52%,两种及以上病毒复合侵染的比率达68%。