利用重瓣大岩桐叶片诱导再生植株试验

利用重瓣大岩桐叶片诱导再生植株试验结果表明，采用MS＋BA1.5-2.00mg/L NAA0.15-0.20mg/L的培养基配比组合最适宜叶片再生小植株；在相同质量浓度下，用NAA处理好于用IBA处理。     

A leaf rust resistance gene, different from Lr34, associated with leaf tip necrosis in wheat

The gene Lr34 has contributed to durable resistance to leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina in wheat worldwide. The closely associated leaf tip necrosis is generally used as the gene's marker. Lr34 has been postulated in many Indian bread wheat cultivars including ‘C 306’, based on the associated leaf tip necrosis and a few other field and glasshouse observations. The present study showed monogenic control of adult‐plant resistance in ‘C 306’ to leaf rust pathotype 77‐5 (121R63‐1). The F₂ segregation in the crosses between ‘C 306’ and the two known carriers of Lr34, ‘Line 897’ and ‘Jupateco 73’‘R’ fitted a digenic ratio. The F₃ families derived from the susceptible F₂ segregants were true breeding for susceptibility, proving the absence of Lr34 in ‘C 306’. The cross between ‘Line 897’ and ‘Jupateco 73’‘R’ did not segregate for susceptibility. Resistance in the cross ‘Agra Local’ (susceptible) × ‘C 306’ was associated with leaf tip necrosis, showing that the leaf rust resistance gene in ‘C 306’ was associated with leaf tip necrosis, but was different from Lr34. This gene is being temporarily designated as Lr‘C 306’. Hence, leaf tip necrosis cannot be considered as an exclusive marker for selecting Lr34 in wheat improvement.     

葡萄结果母枝粗度与新梢结实力的关系

研究了11个葡萄品种结果母枝粗度与新梢结实力的关系,结果表明,不同葡萄品种获得理想的新梢结实力,其结果母枝须有一适宜的粗度范围;结果母枝粗度与结果枝率、结果枝结果系数、新梢结果系数之间呈二次多项式回归关系;不同葡萄品种冬季修剪时结果母枝的选留应以不同粗度结果母枝的结实力为依据。     

Screening sorghum genotypes for salinity tolerant biomass production

Genetic improvement of salt tolerance is of high importance due to the extent and the constant increase in salt affected areas. Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] has been considered relatively more salt tolerant than maize and has the potential as a grain and fodder crop for salt affected areas. One hundred sorghum genotypes were screened for salinity tolerance in pots containing Alfisol and initially irrigated with a 250-mM NaCl solution in a randomized block design with three replications. Subsequently 46 selected genotypes were assessed in a second trial to confirm their responses to salinity. Substantial variation in shoot biomass ratio was identified among the genotypes. The performance of genotypes was consistent across experiments. Seven salinity tolerant and ten salinity sensitive genotypes are reported. Relative shoot lengths of seedlings were genetically correlated to the shoot biomass ratios at all stages of sampling though the relationships were not close enough to use the trait as a selection criterion. In general, the whole-plant tolerance to salinity resulted in reduced shoot Na⁺ concentration. The K⁺/Na⁺ and Ca²⁺/Na⁺ ratios were also positively related to tolerance but with a lesser r ². Therefore, it is concluded that genotypic diversity exists for salt tolerance biomass production and that Na⁺ exclusion from the shoot may be a major mechanism involved in that tolerance.     

小麦茎顶端原基发育模拟模型的研究

本文系统地模拟了小麦植株茎顶端不同类型原基的发育过程，建立了叶原基分化、小穗原基分化和小花原基分化、退化、败育、受精结实及籽粒生长的子模型。模型引入每小穗分化的最大小花原基数、退化的最大小花原基数和籽粒潜在重量3个遗传参数，分别反映了不同小麦品种小花分化、退化和籽粒生长等方面的遗传差异。利用南京地区     

利用POX同工酶测定谷子(粟)品种对黑穗病的抗性

采用箱栽方法种植 12个抗病性不同的谷子品种 ,分析了芽苗过氧化物酶 (POX)活性及同工酶的变化。结果证明 ,对黑穗病免疫的品种接菌后POX活性平均提高 2 2 8%。越是易感病的品种接菌后POX活性提高得越多。感病品种平均提高 71 6 % ,高感品种平均提高 95 0 %。同工酶酶谱 ,免疫品种接菌后不变 ,越是易感病的品种接菌后酶谱变化越大。二维排序 ,免疫品种接菌与不接菌的两个点落在同一点上或附近 ,d值平均为 3 1。易感病品种的两点相去甚远 ,其中 ,感病品种平均d值 12 2 ;高感品种平均d值 13 2。采用芽苗POX同工酶测定谷子品种抗黑穗病性 ,简便快速     

马铃薯不同品种及高经济高营养“黑美人”脱毒培养技术的研究

解决马铃薯种薯退化问题一般采用茎尖组织脱毒培养(又叫分生组织脱毒培养).本实验又通过对马铃薯不同品种块茎具芽眼部分进行脱毒培养,培育出无病毒种苗,通过测其株高、茎粗、统计子叶数目、观察子叶颜色对比“黑美人”、新大品、土豆-10、陇薯3号生长势强弱.对以上两种脱毒培养制定消毒时间梯度,总结最佳消毒时间,分析污染原因并提出...     

甜高粱组织再生研究

通过对不同外植体的筛选和培养条件的优化,建立了甜高粱再生体系。结果表明,以茎尖和茎为外植体的培养可获得甜高粱再生苗,但分化率较低,褐化较为严重;而以叶和根为外植体的培养不能获得甜高粱再生苗;成熟胚作外植体分化率高达98.7%,且未发生褐化。     

桃(Prunus persica L.)茎尖培养技术的研究

筛选出了适合于桃品种‘北农早艳’茎尖(0.2 mm 和0.5 mm)培养的培养基为:G培养基附加 IBA 0.25 mg/L+BA 0.5 mg/L+GA_3 1.0 mg/L+LH 500.0 mg/L。茎尖用聚氨酯海绵作支撑物的液体培养比琼脂培养成活率高2～5倍,且生长迅速。获得了0.2 mm 长茎尖的生根植株。     

红富士苹果幼树越冬抽条的生理学研究

本试验以一年生红富士、新红星两苹果品种为试材,采用对比试验法研究了红富士苹果幼树越冬期生理特性及其与抽条的关系。结果表明,苹果幼树枝条越冬期有一个缓慢失水过程,越冬期根系吸水、枝条保水与失水不平衡会引起抽条。红富士幼树晚秋停止生长晚,枝条贮藏物质少,严冬期水解程度低、渗透调节物质含量少;枝条角质层结构松散、类脂物积累少,表皮蒸腾强度高。这是红富士幼树越冬期水分散失快、容易抽条的主要原因。