7个梨主栽品种生长季钙含量的动态变化

缺钙会引起许多果实生理性病害。为给梨树合理补钙提供理论依据,以7个梨主栽品种为试材,研究了其叶片、果实和新梢钙含量的动态变化规律。结果表明：随着梨的生长发育,参试品种的叶片和新梢钙含量均大体呈增加趋势,果实钙含量呈逐渐降低趋势（其中幼果期至果实成熟前期降速最快）,且同一品种幼嫩器官与成熟器官的钙含量差异均达到了显著水平,同一发育时期相同器官钙含量最大值与最小值的差异也达到了显著水平。钙含量最高的器官是叶片,其次是新梢,果实钙含量最低。不同梨品种的钙素营养水平存在差异,其中各器官发育末期的钙含量,均以鸭梨最高,黄冠和大南果较低。     

张溪香芋茎尖组培快繁技术研究

以张溪香芋茎尖为材料,研究不同外源激素对香芋组培苗的诱导培养、增殖培养、生根培养的影响,以及不同炼苗移栽基质对香芋组培苗的影响,以期建立一套完整的张溪香芋组培快繁技术体系.结果表明,外植体消毒以0.1％HgCl2(加2滴吐温-20)5～6 min消毒效果最好;较适宜张溪香芋茎尖诱导分化的培养基是MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L,增殖培养基是MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.15 mg/L、增殖倍数达5.3,生根培养基是1/2MS+IBA 0.20 mg/L+NAA 0.20 mg/L,炼苗移栽基质以草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=4∶1∶1为最佳.     

“巨峰”葡萄热处理茎尖培养技术研究

以"巨峰"葡萄为试材,经热处理后取其茎尖进行离体培养,通过调整激素的种类和浓度,筛选出了适宜"巨峰"葡萄茎尖分化和生根的培养基;通过对不同移栽基质的研究,筛选出了移栽成活率较高的基质配方。结果表明:38℃热处理时葡萄苗发芽率最高,可达86.67%;以GS为基本培养基,附加BA 0.5mg/L与NAA 0.1mg/L,最适宜于"巨峰"葡萄茎尖分化成苗,分化率可达70.00%;生根培养基以GS+IBA 0.06mg/L的生根率最高。适宜"巨峰"葡萄茎尖组培苗移栽的基质为河沙1份+水苔1份。     

Calcium nutrition of the sugarbeet

Abstract

When sugarbeet seedlings are transferred from a complete nutrient solution to one from which Ca has been withheld, the rootlets and tops fail to develop. The same transfer at the eight‐leaf stage causes the rootlets to become stubby and swollen at the tips and blade expansion becomes modified; particularly the upper portions of the blades attaining nearly full development, which pucker and often develop a cupping or hooding effect; a unique symptom characteristic of Ca deficiency. As each new leaf develops, the blade area becomes smaller until only a black tip remains at the apex of the petiole, which is the symptom referred to as tip‐burn for this petiole and the successively . shorter petioles formed as Ca deficiency increases in severity. Strangely, these symptoms also appear during periods of rapid growth when the nutrient solution contains as much as 10 to 28 milliequivalents per liter of Ca or when soils are high in Ca. This implies that Ca absorption and possibly translocation limits the Ca supply at the growing point. Increasing Mg in the nutrient solution decreases Ca uptake and increases Ca deficiency. Potassium deficiency, unexpectedly, induces Ca deficiency apparently by decreasing the translocation of Ca to the growing point.

These phenomena suggest the hypothesis that when ion absorption takes place from the root exchange site that has the affinity for H > Ca > Mg > K > Na, then the H generated internally replaces, and the roots absorb, Na, K and Mg preferentially. Externally, Ca would be adsorbed preferentially from the nutrient solution by the exchange complex, and with the addition of Mg, it would compete for the common adsorption site of Ca and limit Ca absorption internally. Under these conditions potassium‐deficient nutrient solutions would not induce Ca deficiency by decreasing Ca absorption but rather by decreasing Ca translocation. Theoretically, Ba would replace H more readily than Ca on the exchange complex, and therefore, Ba would be adsorbed preferentially and Ca uptake would increase. This effect of Ba was verified experimentally.

Since the translocation of ⁴⁵Ca to the growing point was found to be unrestricted under Ca‐sufficient and Ca‐deficient conditions and since the formation of insoluble Ca compounds such as phosphate or oxalate did not account for the Ca deficiency at the growing point, the cause of the Ca deficiency at the growing point is most likely the higher priority of the storage root for Ca over tops when leaf blades and storage root are both expanding rapidly. However, Ca retransport from older to younger parts of the sugarbeet plant may be restricted by the formation of Ca phosphate under Ca‐deficient conditions and Ca oxalate under Ca‐sufficient conditions.

Calcium deficiency increases net photosynthesis per unit blade area initially, probably because of blade puckering, but not on a per unit chlorophyll basis.     

中华芦荟的离体快繁技术研究

[目的]探索芦荟的离体快繁技术,为芦荟的组织培养提供试验依据。[方法]以盆栽中华芦荟的嫩茎尖为外植体,MS为基本培养基,不同的增殖阶段添加不同的植物激素进行离体快繁试验。[结果]培养30 d后,3瓶被污染,4瓶不长愈伤组织,13瓶在芽基部产生圆球状浅黄色的愈伤组织。在诱导芽分化约20 d后,2瓶被污染,11瓶开始芽点分化。3.00 mg/L 6-BA的处理效果最佳。诱导生根11 d后,1瓶被污染,2瓶出现叶子干焦的现象,17瓶长势良好。中华芦荟愈伤组织诱导的适宜培养基为MS＋6-BA 2.50 mg/L＋NAA0.15 mg/L,诱导率为60%;丛生芽分化及继代的适宜培养基为MS＋6-BA 3.00 mg/L＋NAA 0.10 mg/L,诱导率为85%;生根的适宜培养基为MS＋6-BA 0.30～0.50 mg/L＋IBA 0.20 mg/L＋活性炭0.5%。[结论]该研究为芦荟的快繁提供了初步的理论依据。     

桃离体茎尖的超低温保存及植株再生

 以简单玻璃化法为基本方法, 研究了影响桃离体茎尖超低温保存后存活率的因子———低温驯化时间、蔗糖预培养时间、玻璃化液处理时间及化冻后植株再生条件; 建立了较为适宜的超低温保存技术程序———选择继代培养30 d的试管材料, 5℃低温驯化3～4周, 在含017 mol/L蔗糖的固体培养基预培养2 d, 再经玻璃化液PVS3处理100 min后浸入液氮, 化冻后茎尖存活率可达60%以上。     

同源四倍体皇家嘎拉苹果的生长结果特性

皇家嘎拉苹果四倍体是一个由皇家嘎拉苹果二倍体经诱变处理获得的品系。为了解皇家嘎拉苹果四倍体与二倍体对照植株在生长结果特性方面的差异,取2种果树的接穗高接到10年生大树上,在植株结果后进行了调查研究。结果表明,由皇家嘎拉苹果二倍体诱变成的同源四倍体植株在高接后第3年开始结果,其花萼、花瓣、雌蕊、雄蕊及花药比对照大;叶片变宽,叶柄和果柄变短粗;单果大,种子数少,果形指数小,果实可溶性固形物、总糖和可滴定酸含量增高;其节间长、叶长及果肉硬度与二倍体则无显著差异。     

香榧茎段离体培养再生植株的研究

对香榧茎段不定芽诱导研究的结果表明,不定芽诱导的最佳培养条件为:培养基为B5+KT0.1mg/L+IBA0.5mg/L+0.08%活性炭+2%葡萄糖,培养温度为20℃,光强不高于400lx,该条件下的不定芽诱导率可达55%。将不定芽培养在1/2B5+IBA0.1mg/L+0.08%活性炭+2%葡萄糖的生根培养基上,生根率最高达到40%。通过器官发生途径国内外首次建立了香榧离体再生体系和快繁体系,并获得了完整的再生植株,为今后开展香榧的遗传转化和品种改良奠定了基础。     

竹叶枯型丛枝病的研究

竹叶枯型丛枝病为害新梢嫩叶,造成叶枯、梢枯,连年发病引发小枝丛生,该病发展快,发病时间短,季节性强。老病枝连年发病,使新梢发病率常达90％以上。病叶上普遍产生黑褐色点状的子囊菌子实体。用子囊孢子对健壮株枝梢作人工接种,第2年新梢嫩叶发病,具典型症状。经鉴定该病病原菌为竹暗球腔菌(Phaeosphaeria bambusae Miyake et Hara)。刚竹属中的淡竹(Phyllostachys glauca)、桂竹(Ph. bambusoide)和融安刚竹(Ph. sp.)发病最重。3月间竹腔注射20％粉锈宁乳油剂(1∶200)1次,即可明显减轻该病的发生。     

竹果氨基酸种类与含量的分析

本文对所收集的5簇11属15种竹果的氨基酸含量进行了分析测定,其结果为: Ⅰ.从测定的15个种的竹果来看,均含有18种蛋白质水解的氨基酸,其中均以谷氨酸的含量为最高,其余各种氨基酸的含量比例各不相同。Ⅱ.氨基酸总量各种之间差别很大,含量最高的是冷箭竹为18.4448g/100g,最低的是巴山木竹6.33g/100g。Ⅲ.不同类型竹果的氨基酸总含量几乎没有什么太大的差别,而同类型中不同种之间的差别较大。Ⅳ.各种氨基酸在不同的属之间所含的量和比例不同,但在同一属里,含量和比例具有比较明显一致的曲线峰。Ⅴ.各属种之间,各种氨基酸占总氨基酸的含量比例相当接近。Ⅵ.竹果与笋体所含氨基酸在种类上大体相同,而在含量上无论是各分量或总量,竹果都大大超过了笋体。氨基酸含量的多少,对于竹类种子的萌发、生长、抗性等都具有一定的影响。这一内容的研究,为进一步探讨竹类各属种之间的生物学特性提供了一定的科学依据。