白花败酱组织培养及快速繁殖研究

选取长势较好、无病害野生白花败酱植株的茎尖及茎段作为外植体进行组织培养,以MS为基本培养基,设计不同激素浓度配比试验,筛选最佳培养基配方。结果表明:采用0.1%HgCl2对外植体进行消毒,茎尖最佳消毒时间为10 min,茎段为15 min;最佳诱导培养基配方是MS+6-BA 3.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L,诱导率100%,增殖培养基MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA0.2 mg/L,增殖倍数7.8;生根壮苗培养基是MS+NAA 1 mg/L+马铃薯5%。     

赤桉人工种子制备过程中微芽繁殖体转株的研究

实现包裹后的微芽繁殖体的生根和萌发生长即转株是以微芽为繁殖体制备人工种子中较为重要的环节之一。本试验系统地研究了生长调节剂种类、浓度以及微芽发育状态与赤桉（Ｅｕｃａｌｙｐｔｕｓｃａｍａｌｄｕｌｅｎｓｉｓ）微芽转株的关系,研究了包裹基质中直接添加诱导生根的生长调节剂及微芽生根预诱导对包裹后微芽转株的影响。试验结果表明：ＮＡＡ较ＩＢＡ和ＩＡＡ有较好的诱导微芽生根的效果;选取幼嫩及活跃生长的微芽是获得较高生根率的重要环节;包裹基质中直接添加诱导生根的生长调节剂未能解决包裹后微芽转株的问题;微芽经生根预诱导再附带生根介质包裹对微芽转株有良好的促进作用。微芽包裹后二周生根率可达８１３％,三周后转株率可达８３３％。     

The effect of soil liming on shoot development, root growth, and cluster root activity of white lupin

 The effects of a limed soil upon root and shoot growth of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) were investigated using soil tubes and pots. After 75 days in the soil tubes, the combined taproot and lateral root dry weight in limed soil (2.5% CaO w/w) was significantly less than in neutral pH soil (by 57%). However, the dry weight and numbers of cluster roots remained comparable between the treatments, demonstrating for the first time that the cluster roots respond differently to the rest of the root system. Cluster roots accounted for 17% of the total root biomass in neutral soil, increasing significantly to over 30% in limed soil. When grown for 43 days in pots containing soil with different additions of lime (0.5–2.5% CaO w/w), soil citrate concentrations were higher than in the neutral pH soil treatment in all except the 2.5% lime treatment, in which they were lower. In both experiments, shoot dry weights were lower in the presence of the limed soil compared with those in the neutral pH soil. Although a reduction in shoot dry weight was not apparent at 21 days in the limed-soil tubes, the initiation of fewer mainstem leaf primordia indicated a slower shoot development than occurred in the neutral soil. Plants grown in the limed-soil tubes showed leaf yellowing and some chlorosis within 9 days. At the final harvest, the shoot phosphorus and manganese concentrations were significantly lower in plants grown in limed soil compared with those in the neutral pH soil, whereas the concentration of calcium was higher. Received: 11 October 1999     

甘薯微茎尖组织培养技术研究

在甘薯微茎尖组织培养中，材料消毒选择0．05％HgCl2溶液，时间9－10分钟，培养基琼脂浓度0．7％较为适宜。茎尖分化培养首选激素6－BA，浓度为0．25－2mg／L，或NAA0．01mg／L＋6－BA0．5mg／L＋GA30．1mg／L，成苗率可达85％左右。     

马卡丛生芽培养条件优化及玻璃化控制研究

优化了南美产十字花科植物马卡丛生芽诱导和继代过程中的培养条件,使玻璃化现象得到了控制,提高了丛生芽的存活率。优化后的丛生芽诱导条件为:MS(pH 5.85~5.90)附加1~2 mg/L 6-BA,0.25 mg/L NAA,蔗糖30~35 g/L,琼脂6 g/L,诱导温度20~25℃,光照强度24μmol/(m2.s),光照时间16 h/d;优化后的丛生芽继代条件为:MS(pH 5.85~5.90)附加2 mg/L6-BA,0.25 mg/L NAA,培养温度15℃,光照强度24~41μmol/(m2.s),光照时间16 h/d。     

玉米秃尖与内源激素的关系

玉米果穗顶部不能形成种子或部分种子败育而导致秃尖,秃尖受遗传影响较大,并对光合作用的依赖性很强。本文以20个玉米杂交组合雌穗顶部穗轴为材料,对光合作用的"源"和"库"起调控作用的顶部穗轴内源激素与其秃尖长度的关系进行了研究。结果表明,在快速灌浆期,玉米雌穗顶部穗轴GA3I、AA、CTK含量较高,而ABA含量很低;ABA含量与玉米秃尖长度呈极显著的正相关;(GA3+IAA+CTK)/ABA含量与玉米秃尖长度呈极显著的负相关。说明顶部穗轴ABA含量的高低与玉米秃尖长度存在密切关系。     

草莓快繁的影响因子研究

目前生产上培育草莓脱毒苗主要是通过茎尖培养获得脱毒苗,再通过快速繁殖,从而获得大批量的种苗。快速繁殖优质脱毒种苗,既可以快速育苗,又可以克服草莓长期营养繁殖导致病毒积累而产生的退化现象,使草莓品种和优良特性得以保持。以万德、章姬、红颜和利玉女4种当地主栽草莓的匍匐茎为试材,在MS＋6-BA 0.5 mg/L＋NAA 0.04 mg/L培养基上,对茎尖和匍匐茎的不同位置进行组培快繁,以期建立1个高效的草莓快繁体系。结果表明：草莓基因型对茎尖诱导起着决定性作用,诱导率以红颜最高（70%）,章姬次之,万德最低（仅30%）;4个草莓品种匍匐茎3个段位的诱导率顺序均为上段〉中段〉下段;灭菌时间以4～5 min比较适宜,外植体成活率高,污染率低。在草莓组培快繁时,选取匍匐茎上段作为外植体,用0.1%氯化汞溶液灭菌4～5 min,可以简化操作、提高繁殖效率和降低生产成本。     

利用蚕豆根尖微核技术检测武汉南湖水质污染状况

[目的]研究南湖不同片区的水质污染程度和总体水质对生物的危害程度。[方法]利用蚕豆根尖微核技术对武汉市南湖水域具有代表性的21个水样进行动态监测和评价。[结果]与阴性对照组根尖的微核率相比,试验组各处理的根尖微核率都有明显升高,并根据季节和地点呈一定的周期性变化规律:夏、秋季比冬、春季节的污染大;靠近学校、居民区湖区比人口较少地段的湖区污染大。[结论]南湖水质较差,整个湖区为中度以上污染,应及时加以治理。     

7个梨主栽品种生长季钙含量的动态变化

缺钙会引起许多果实生理性病害。为给梨树合理补钙提供理论依据,以7个梨主栽品种为试材,研究了其叶片、果实和新梢钙含量的动态变化规律。结果表明：随着梨的生长发育,参试品种的叶片和新梢钙含量均大体呈增加趋势,果实钙含量呈逐渐降低趋势（其中幼果期至果实成熟前期降速最快）,且同一品种幼嫩器官与成熟器官的钙含量差异均达到了显著水平,同一发育时期相同器官钙含量最大值与最小值的差异也达到了显著水平。钙含量最高的器官是叶片,其次是新梢,果实钙含量最低。不同梨品种的钙素营养水平存在差异,其中各器官发育末期的钙含量,均以鸭梨最高,黄冠和大南果较低。     

张溪香芋茎尖组培快繁技术研究

以张溪香芋茎尖为材料,研究不同外源激素对香芋组培苗的诱导培养、增殖培养、生根培养的影响,以及不同炼苗移栽基质对香芋组培苗的影响,以期建立一套完整的张溪香芋组培快繁技术体系.结果表明,外植体消毒以0.1％HgCl2(加2滴吐温-20)5～6 min消毒效果最好;较适宜张溪香芋茎尖诱导分化的培养基是MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L,增殖培养基是MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.15 mg/L、增殖倍数达5.3,生根培养基是1/2MS+IBA 0.20 mg/L+NAA 0.20 mg/L,炼苗移栽基质以草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=4∶1∶1为最佳.