不同继代培养次数对苹果八棱海棠离体培养和遗传转化的影响

以苹果八棱海棠离体新梢和幼叶为外植体,研究不同继代次数对其离体繁殖、再生和遗传转化的影响。结果表明,随着继代培养次数的增加,继代10次和48次的八棱海棠离体增殖倍数、生根能力、不定芽的再生频率、每外植体再生芽数和GUS基因瞬时表达率均显著高于继代5次的;继代10次的增殖倍数和GUS阳性率明显多于继代48次的,其它指标相互间差异不显著;说明继代10次的芽苗较适合用于八棱海棠离体培养的外殖体材料,其幼叶较适于遗传转化研究。     

激素及光照对甘薯茎尖分生组织培养的影响

根据不同基因型甘薯茎尖分生组织在不同激素水平的生长反应,将４个河南主栽甘薯品种分为３类;激素不敏感硬成苗型、激素敏感易成苗型和激素不敏感难成苗型。光照时数不是甘薯茎尖培养成苗的根制因素,以不低于１４ｈ／ｄ为好。     

毛竹退笋及丰产技术的研究

对毛竹退笋原因和影响退笋的因子进行调查研究,认为毛竹营养不良和虫害等是退笋的主要原因;竹鞭年龄及入士深度、母竹营养状况、竹笋形状及出土期等因素与退笋都有一定关系。据此,提出了培育优质竹林,留养小年笋,及时挖退笋的对策技术措施。     

Seasonal shoot and needle growth of loblolly pine responds to thinning, fertilization, and crown position

The impacts of thinning, fertilization and crown position on seasonal growth of current-year shoots and foliage were studied in a 13-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation in the sixth post-treatment year (1994). Length of new flushes, and their needle length, leaf area, and oven-dry weight were measured in the upper and lower crown from March through November. Total shoot length was the cumulative length of all flushes on a given shoot and total leaf area per shoot was the sum of leaf areas of the flushes.

By the end of June, first-flush foliage reached 70% of the November needle length (14.3 cm) and 65% of the final leaf area (15.0 cm²). Cumulative shoot length of first- and second-flush shoots achieved 95% of the annual length (30.3 cm), whereas total leaf area per shoot was 55% of the final value (75.3 dm²). Fertilization consistently stimulated fascicle needle length, dry weight, and leaf area in the upper crown. Mean leaf area of upper-crown shoots was increased by 64% six years after fertilization. A significant thinning effect was found to decrease mean leaf area per shoot in the crown. For most of the growing season, the thinned-fertilized trees produced substantially more leaf area per shoot throughout the crown than the thinned-nonfertilized trees. These thinned-fertilized trees also had greater needle length and dry weight, longer first flush shoots, and more leaf area per flush than trees in the thinned-nonfertilized plots. Needle length and leaf area of first flush shoots between April and July were linearly related to previous-month canopy air temperature (T_a). Total shoot length strongly depended on vertical light gradient (PPFD) within the canopy, whereas shoot leaf area was a function of both PPFD and T_a. Thus, trees produced larger and heavier fascicles, more and longer flush shoots, and more leaf area per shoot in the upper crown than the lower crown. We conclude that thinning, fertilization, and crown position regulate annual leaf area production of current-year shoots largely by affecting the expansion of first flush shoots and their foliage during the first half of the growing season.     

草莓畸形果的胚胎学研究

在草莓生产中,有的品种（如戈雷拉）常产生青顶等畸形果现象,严重影响果品质量。本研究以“戈雷拉”（畸形）和“小实”（正常）品种为材料,从胚胎学方面进行比较,探讨畸形果产生的原因。结果如下：１）切片观察表明,两品种相比,草莓各部位的胚发育是不同步的,从下而上具有一定的时序性,其中“小实”的差异较小,而“戈雷拉”差异明显。观察表明,“戈雷拉”位于花托顶端雌蕊的花柱结构异常,致使顶部的胚珠不能受精结实。２）分析两品种间花粉的散发量、花粉生活力、花粉萌发力以及花粉管的伸长速度等方面,“戈雷拉”均明显低于“小实”品种。综上结果认为,造成“戈雷拉”畸形果的产生,可能有多种原因,但上述原因可认为是产生顶部不结实,致使后期花托内生长素含量不同,从而造成果顶生长缓慢的主要原因。     

云南切梢小蠹与横坑切梢小蠹蛀梢期的竞争研究

2000年5月至2001年5月,研究了云南切梢小蠹与横坑切梢小蠹蛀梢期的种间竞争,比较了2种松小蠹在其寄主云南松树冠的垂直分布规律.结果表明,不同月份2种松小蠹在云南松树冠的垂直分布的存在差异,并随着月份的变动而发生变化.横坑切梢小蠹多危害较细的松梢,而云南切梢小蠹多危害较粗大的松梢.2种松小蠹的其它蛀梢习性(危害梢的年龄、攻击部位、蛀道长度等)文中也进行了比较.结论,云南切梢小蠹对云南松树梢的攻击能力强于横坑切梢小蠹.     

红叶石楠的组织培养与快速繁殖研究

以红叶石楠(Photinia frasery)的单芽茎段为外植体,研究了蔗糖浓度、激素组合对茎尖离体培养与快速繁殖的影响.结果表明,最适宜的外植体是长度为0.3mm的茎尖;诱导丛生芽的最适培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg·L-1+IAA 0.10 mg·L-1+蔗糖30 g·L-1;诱导试管苗生根的最适培养基为1/2 MS+NAA 1.0mg·L-1.     

"丰香"草莓高效脱毒及快速繁殖技术研究

[目的]建立“丰香”草莓的高效脱毒及快速繁殖体系。[方法]以“丰香”草莓的茎尖为外植体,高温处理和1‰氯化汞消毒后进行丛生芽诱导和生根培养,研究不同激素配比对出芽率和生根率的影响,并对脱毒苗的病毒感染情况进行检测。[结果]6-BA0．5mg／L＋NAA0．01mg／L培养基上芽分化率最高,有效苗达98％,将丛生芽分成单株,用相同的培养基进行继代培养,可获得大量繁殖苗;用培养基1／2Ms＋0．02mg／LNAA对小苗进行培养,小苗15d即可生根,20后根系发达,平均每苗可产生3～6条根;病毒检测结果显示,脱毒苗的脱毒率达到100％。[结论]“丰香”草莓的最佳芽诱导培养基为6-BA0．5mg／L＋NAA0．01mg／L,最佳生根培养基为1／2MS＋0．02mg／LNAA。     

高粱茎尖和幼穗细胞悬浮系的建立

建立有效可靠的细胞悬浮培养方法对进一步开展原生质体培养和转基因研究具有重要意义。本研究以茎尖和幼穗作为外植体,采用愈伤振荡培养法、匀浆收集培养法和直接培养法三种方法进行了细胞悬浮系建立的方法研究。结果表明:与茎尖相比,幼穗是更适宜开展高粱细胞悬浮培养的理性外植体。采用三种培养方法均可建立幼穗细胞悬浮系,其中幼穗愈伤振荡培养法最为稳定可靠,幼穗匀浆收集培养法和直接培养法的稳定性稍差,但获得的细胞悬浮系生长状态较好,有利于进一步开展增殖继代培养。结果还表明,茎尖愈伤振荡培养法也是一种稳定可靠的细胞悬浮系制备方法,但茎尖匀浆收集培养法稳定性稍差,而直接培养法效果最差不宜采用。