Genetic difference in adventitious rhizogenesis in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Albizia procera</Emphasis> Benth. with IBA treatment

Variable adventitious rhizogenesis of juvenile shoot cuttings was observed in seven half-sib families (TP-1, BAN-1, AN-3, JR-3, SL-16, UM-3, and UM-5) of Albizia procera Benth. Treatment with IBA invariably promoted sprouting by 8%, adventitious rooting by 218%, root number by 869%, and root length by 36.4% compared with the control. Interaction between families and IBA treatment significantly enhanced sprouting and root length in BAN-1, JR-3, UM-3, and UM-5, and root number in all families, but had a significant suppressive effect on sprouting in AN-3. Treatment with IBA increased family heritability (h _f ²) 1.38-fold for sprouting, 2.86-fold for adventitious rooting, and 10.86-fold for root number, but reduced family heritability by a factor of 8.25 for root length. Thus, direct genetic effects seem to have strongly affected sprouting and adventitious rooting, with IBA playing an auxiliary role, but had little effect on root number and length, for which IBA had a dominant regulatory role.     

植物激素直接诱导非洲菊花蕾不定芽的研究

以非洲菊幼嫩花蕾为外植体,研究了细胞分裂素类和生长素类对直接诱导非洲菊不定芽的影响。结果表明,6-BA诱导不定芽的效果略优于KT,当6-BA与KT分别是5.0 mg/L 和6.0 mg/L 时,诱导的不定芽数和不定芽长度最大;NAA诱导不定芽的效果最好,IBA次之,2,4-D最差,NAA的最适浓度是0.2 mg/L,较高浓度的生长素类虽然不利于不定芽的分化,但是有利于芽的伸长生长。     

新疆海岛棉茎尖培养初探

海岛棉的茎尖培养需要特定的适宜营养和激素条件,新海5号和K354在KT 0.5 mg/l和IAA 0.2 mg/l的MS培养基上适宜生长;新海16号在KT 1.0 mg/l和IAA 2.0 mg/l的MS培养基上生长分化良好.对比发现激素配合使用在一定浓度范围内有利于茎尖的生长分化.苗龄大小在一定程度上影响茎尖的生长分化进程和程度,3日、4日苗龄的茎尖生长分化速率明显高于2日、5日苗龄的茎尖,4日苗龄的茎尖分化程度又较3日苗龄的茎尖显著.     

杉木中龄林不同部位和叶龄针叶光合特性的日变化和季节变化

在不同季节光合最适温度、适宜空气湿度 (70± 5 % )和正常大气CO2 条件下测定了杉木(Cunninghamialanceolata (Lamb .)Hook .)中龄林不同部位和叶龄针叶光合特性及典型天气下净光合速率的日变化。结果表明 ,当年生针叶最大净光合速率 (Pmax)在生长中期 >盛期 >后期 ,1年生和 2年生针叶则从盛期经中期到后期呈下降趋势。从生长盛期至后期 ,光饱和点 (LSP)和暗呼吸速率 (Rd)降低而表观量子利用效率 (α)增加 ,其中尤以盛期与中后期的差别较明显。光补偿点 (LCP)除生长盛期当年生针叶明显高于生长中、后期以外 ,其它差异不明显。Pmax除生长盛期当年生针叶与 1年生接近外 ,均为当年生 >1年生 >2年生。随着叶龄的增长 ,针叶LSP、LCP和Rd 均降低 ,α提高。从上部至中部到下部针叶Pmax、LSP、LCP和Rd 均降低而α增加 ,尤其是上部和中部针叶与下部差异较大。不同季节针叶光合特性的差异与针叶光合生理活性有关 ;不同部位之间的差异则是长时间适应所处光环境的结果 ;而不同叶龄针叶之间的差异除了生理原因外 ,还可能与所处光环境有关。针叶净光合速率 (Pn)的日变化在阴天为单峰型 ,Pn 主要受光合有效辐射通量密度 (PPFD)的影响 ,同时受温度、湿度和CO2 浓度变化的微调。晴天Pn 日变化为双峰型 ,受温度和湿度的强     

大果沙棘硬枝扦插育苗及造林试验研究

为了完善和推广我省大果沙棘快繁育苗及造林技术,进行了硬枝扦插及造林试验研究,结果表明,采用50mg/kg吲哚乙酸、生根粉1号、生根粉6号处理插穗,对插穗生根均有较好的效果,采用2a生本质化枝条,在日光温室细绵沙苗床扦插,生根率可达90%以上;春季起苗造林、秋季起苗沙藏春季造林,大果沙棘苗成活率和生长量最高。     

赤桉人工种子制备过程中微芽繁殖体转株的研究

实现包裹后的微芽繁殖体的生根和萌发生长即转株是以微芽为繁殖体制备人工种子中较为重要的环节之一。本试验系统地研究了生长调节剂种类、浓度以及微芽发育状态与赤桉（Ｅｕｃａｌｙｐｔｕｓｃａｍａｌｄｕｌｅｎｓｉｓ）微芽转株的关系,研究了包裹基质中直接添加诱导生根的生长调节剂及微芽生根预诱导对包裹后微芽转株的影响。试验结果表明：ＮＡＡ较ＩＢＡ和ＩＡＡ有较好的诱导微芽生根的效果;选取幼嫩及活跃生长的微芽是获得较高生根率的重要环节;包裹基质中直接添加诱导生根的生长调节剂未能解决包裹后微芽转株的问题;微芽经生根预诱导再附带生根介质包裹对微芽转株有良好的促进作用。微芽包裹后二周生根率可达８１３％,三周后转株率可达８３３％。     

农杆菌介导法向小麦茎尖导入DREB1A基因的研究初报

为了研究以小麦茎尖为受体进行农杆菌转化的可行性,选用小麦品种H6756,以茎尖为受体进行了农杆菌转化.构建了含有拟南芥逆境诱导转录因子DREB1A及除草剂bar基因的表达载体pC3300IS-DREB1A,酶切鉴定此载体,结果证明其连接完全正确,具有转录和表达的功能.农杆菌介导法向小麦茎尖导入DREB1A基因,共获得247株转化苗.转化苗经除草剂筛选,获得66株抗性苗,对抗性苗进一步进行PCR检测,有30株抗性苗扩增出特异性片段,转化率达到12.1%,初步说明本试验中以小麦茎尖为受体的转化系统用于基因转化是可行、高效的.     

从调节源—库关系看环剥对荔枝幼树根梢生长与坐果的调控

荔枝常因幼树花而不实而颗粒无收.糯米糍品种4年生幼树盛花期主干环剥,并保持不愈合至采果.对照树全年根、梢各有3个生长期,环剥树采前无根、梢生长;对照树有4次生理落果峰,环剥树第2、3落果峰不明显,采前落果峰也很低.研究认为荔枝幼树根系的“库”力在竞争中占优势,根与梢的生长相克又相促,果实在竞争中处于劣势,环剥完全抑制了根与梢的生长,使果实在“库”力的竞争中得以转弱为强.     

桑树茎尖嫁接技术研究

在无菌条件下将桑籽接种至含ＭＳ无机盐与０．２％凝胶剂（Ｇｅｌｒｉｔｅ）的培养基上，于２６℃每日１６ｈ、１０００１ｘ照明下培养；２周后以激素处理茎切段，转培于蛭石培养基，１０～１２ｄ苗茎围度达８ｍｍ时，以长２ｃｍ的切段为砧木，以７０７等桑品种的１～２ｍｍ茎尖作接穗，嫁接成活率达７５％～８０％。增大砧木苗基的围度是取得桑树茎尖嫁接成功的关键。     

Effects of sink removal on leaf photosynthetic attributes of rose flower shoots (Rosa hybrida L., cv. Dallas)

Two experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the effects of sink removal (flower shoot harvest and debudding) on the gas-exchange capacity (i) of leaves left on the parent shoot after flower shoot harvest and (ii) of flower shoot leaves after flower-bud removal. In the first experiment, gas-exchange measurements were performed on three 5-foliate leaves (leaf 1: uppermost parent shoot leaf, and two leaves inserted just below: leaves 2–3). It was found that, after bud sprouting, the leaf nearest to the young growing shoot (leaf 1) experienced a significant reduction in leaf maximum net CO₂ assimilation rate, A_lm, stomatal conductance, g_s, and transpiration rate, E_l, over time in comparison to the corresponding values observed for leaves 2–3. Leaf water use efficiency, WUE, significantly changed over time, while the ratio of leaf internal to ambient CO₂ concentration, C_i/C_a, was rather conservative throughout the entire shoot growing period. In the second experiment, leaf gas-exchange measurements were performed for adult flower shoots that were either debudded or left intact. Both types of shoots exhibited a similar along-shoot distribution pattern of physiological fluxes, g_s, and WUE. Bud removal did not significantly affect the magnitude of gas-exchange, with the exception of E_l. One week after bud removal, only slight differences were observed for A_lm, g_s and E_l between the two types of shoots. These results suggest (i) that the contribution of the uppermost parent shoot leaf to the assimilates demand of newly growing shoot significantly affects its photosynthetic capacity; and (ii) that flower-bud removal does not change the overall photosynthetic capacity of the flower shoot leaves, which divert the surplus of produced assimilates towards alternative sink organs and plant reserve pools.