Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus in Relation to Embryos Fertilized In Vitro

The association of bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) with embryos derived by in vitro fertilization from oocytes of experimentally infected heifers or oocytes/embryos exposed to the virus in vitro was investigated. Using a nested-PCR assay, proviral DNA of BIV was not detected in follicular fluid or in embryos derived from BIV-infected donors. In vitro exposure of oocytes to BIV during maturation or insemination with BIV-infected semen resulted in zona pellucida-intact embryos testing negative for BIV provirus. However, exposure of zona pellucida-free day-7 embryos to the virus resulted in a positive BIV assay for 28% of the batches of embryos, suggesting that the zona pellucida has a role in protecting against BIV infection. The presence of BIV in the IVF system had no apparent effect on the development of bovine embryos to the blastocyst stage.     

牛不同直径卵泡内卵母细胞体外受精后的卵裂率和染色体异常分析

将不同直径牛卵泡内卵母细胞体外成熟培养22h后，对其体外受精后的卵裂率，胚胎发育速度和胚胎染色体异常发生率进行了研究。结果表明，体外受精后48h，直径3－6mm卵泡内卵母细胞外受精后的卵裂率明显高于直径1－2mm和7－10mm卵泡内卵母细胞体外受精后的卵裂率（P＜0．05）。体外受精后48h，直径3－6mm包泡内卵母细胞体外受精后的胚胎的发育速度明显快于直径1－2mm和7－10mm卵泡组胚胎（P＜0．05）。通过对不同卵裂期胚胎的染色体标本分析表明，直径1－2mm卵泡内卵母细胞体外受精后的胚胎染色体异常发生率明显高于直径3－6mm卵泡组（P＜0．05），但与直径7－10mm卵泡组之间无显著性差异。     

犬卵巢卵母细胞体外成熟的研究

从屠宰母犬卵巢获取的卵母细胞,用含有FSH和LH的TCM—199培养基培养24～48h后,卵丘卵母细胞复合体(COC)表现扩展,生发泡(GV)破裂(GThD),且COC的扩展率和GVBD率随着培养时间的延长而逐渐升高.超微结构观察,卵母细胞体外成熟培养后,其胞质内线粒体、皮质颗粒等迁移到皮质区;高尔基复合体减少或消失,颗粒细胞和卵母细胞间的间隙连接消失.     

Development of a New Foxtail Millet Germplasm with Super Early Maturity and High Iron Content

Super Early Maturation No.2 is a new foxtail millet germplasm developed by using the targeted-character-gene-bank-breeding method. It has several outstanding characteristics. (1) Super early maturity. It can normally mature in Bashang, Hebei Province, China, where the altitude is around 1 400 meters, and it needs 1650°C of effective accumulated temperature in the growing period. (2) Millet is rich in iron. The iron content of the millet of Super Early Maturation No.2 is 54.10 mg kg⁻¹, which is 62.0% higher than the average iron content of the foxtail millet varieties in China. (3) High crude fat content. Its crude fat content is 6.24%, which is 54.1% higher than the average content of foxtail millet varieties in China. (4) High crude protein content. The average of the crude protein content of all the foxtail millet varieties in China is 12.71%, only 5% varieties surpass 14%, however, the crude protein content of Super Early Maturation No.2 is 14.36%, which is rare in improved varieties of foxtail millet in China. (5) Overall characteristics are good.     

海狸鼠卵母细胞体外成熟培养初探

实验用ＰＭＳＧ或ＰＭＳＧ＋ＨＣＧ处理或未经激素处理的海狸鼠８只，共获卵巢卵母细胞１３８枚。激素处理对获取卵巢卵母细胞的数量没有影响，而对体外成熟发育至卵丘扩展和半成熟阶段有促进作用。三种不同培养液（Ｗｈｉｔｅｎ＋ＦＣＳ；ＴＣＭ１９９＋ＰＭＳＧ＋ＦＣＳ；ＴＣＭ１９９＋ＨＣＧ＋ＦＣＳ）共培养１２５枚卵母细胞，培养后卵丘扩展率及半成熟率分别为５６．５％，４５．７％，４７．６％和２１．７％，１２．３％，９．５％，以Ｗｈｉｔｅｎ液较高（分别为５６．５％和２１．７％），但只有ＴＣＭ１９９＋ＰＭＳＧ＋ＦＣＳ组有２枚卵母细胞出现第一极体。结果表明海狸鼠卵母细胞与其它啮齿动物的卵母细胞一样，能够在体外培养成熟，完成第一次减数分裂，排出第一极体     

Sexual behaviour of yearling Awassi,Charollais × Awassi and Romanov × Awassi rams exposed to oestrousAwassi ewes

This study was conducted to evaluate the sexual performance of 10-month-old, ram lambs of different breed groups. Eight ram lambs each of Awassi (A), F₁ Charollais × Awassi (CA) and F₁ Romanov × Awassi (RA) breed types were subjected to sexual performance tests by being individually exposed to two oestrous Awassi ewe lambs for four 20-min periods. Bouts of leg kicking and anogenital sniffing were similar among breed groups. Mounting frequency was greater (p < 0.05) in RA than in A and CA ram lambs. Tail-raising was greater (p < 0.05) and mating rate tended to be greater (p < 0.10) in A than in RA and CA ram lambs. The number of mounts per tail-raising (efficiency) was influenced by breed group and test day (p < 0.05). Awassi ram lambs maintained the best efficiency throughout the experiment. Efficiency in RA and CA ram lambs improved with each test day. Results of the present study indicate that RA ram lambs have greater mounting frequency than A and CA, while Awassi are more capable of mating with fat-tailed females than the CA and RA ram lambs.     

温度湿度及种球茎大小对花魔芋有性繁殖的影响

有性繁殖是促进魔芋种植业发展和品种改良的有效途径，引起了极大的兴趣。本文研究117个花魔芋（Amorphophallus konjac K. Coch)单株花粉成熟后连续5d的温度、湿度以及花芽种球茎对其有性繁殖的影响，结果表明：授粉期间的温度和湿度对其自花授粉结实影响大，结实株花粉成熟后连续5d的平均温度和湿度分别为24℃和64%，均显著高于不实株，高温高湿有利于散粉和花粉的萌发从而完成受精；花芽种球茎大小对有性繁殖也有影响，结实株平均种球茎重显著高于不实株，且与单株结实浆果数呈极显著的正相关（r=0.6096, N=29），因此，宜选用花芽球茎大的用于魔芋有性繁殖。     

CdCl2对牛卵母细胞体外成熟及凋亡的影响

利用不同浓度(0,0.8,1.6,2.4 μg/mL)的氯化镉(CdCl2)对处理牛卵母细胞前后对其成熟率、凋亡率、Ca2分布、线粒体膜电位、Bcl-2与Bax的基因表达的影响,初步为重金属对雌性哺乳动物生殖细胞发育及细胞凋亡机制的进一步研究打下基础.利用0,0.8,1.6,2.4 μg/mL的氯化镉(CdCl2)处理...     

外源激素及环境因子对日本鳗鲡卵巢发育的影响

开展了不同外源激素、剂量、注射针距以及环境因子对鳗鲡卵巢发育的影响的研究，在所试验的外源激素中，HCG和PT对鳗鲡卵巢催熟效果较好，LHRH－A和TOP则无明显效果。外源激素注射剂量越高，卵巢发育所需时间越短，但注射剂量过低，催熟率则急剧下降，采用注射剂量为0.5mgPT＋150IU HCG/500g。在外源激素总剂量不变的情况下，改变注射针距7－15d，除卵巢发育所需时间随针距而延长外，总催熟率不变。超过15d，则催熟率下降，研究认为，鳗鲡卵巢成熟所需外源激素最低总剂量为3.5-4.5mgTP 1050-1350TU HCG/500g。试验的环境因子包括温度，盐度，钙镁比以及PH，除温度高于24℃对卵巢发育有明显的影响外，其它因子在试验范围内对鳗鲡卵巢的发育影响不明显。     

不同因素对牛卵母细胞胞质内精子注射效果的影响

采用胞质内精子注射法（ICSI）构建牛显微受精胚胎,探讨卵母细胞成熟培养时间、精子状态及精子操作液中聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）浓度对牛卵母细胞胞质内显微受精（ICSI）卵体外发育的影响。结果显示：成熟培养20 h、24 h和28 h的卵母细胞用于ICSI时,ICSI卵的形态完整率分别为94.6%（175/185）、97.2%（173/178）和96.4%（189/196）（P〉0.05）;成熟培养24 h和28 h的卵母细胞,其ICSI卵的卵裂率（73.4%和70.9%）和囊胚发育率（31.8%和29.6%）显著高于成熟培养20 h的卵母细胞（61.1%和20.6%）（P〈0.05）。对成熟培养24 h的卵母细胞注射获能精子时,ICSI卵的卵裂率和囊胚发育率（72.7%和31.4%）高于未获能精子组（69.4%和29.3%）和不运动精子组（71.5%和30.4%）,但无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。采用含5%,10%和15%PVP的精子操作液处理获能精子后对成熟培养24 h的卵母细胞进行ICSI操作,PVP浓度为5%和10%时,ICSI卵的卵裂率（73.2%和66.9%）和囊胚发育率（32.7%和29.7%）差异不显著（P〉0.05）,但二者均显著高于15%PVP浓度组的卵裂率和囊胚发育率（51.0%和16.3%）（P〈0.01）。结论认为,选用获能精子,并使用含5%PVP的精子操作液进行处理,对成熟培养24 h的牛卵母细胞进行ICSI操作,有利于ICSI卵的体外发育。