疫霉有性生殖生物学特性的研究

对槐生疫霉(Phytophthora robinicola Lu,Xu & Fang),掘氏疫霉(P.drechsleri Tucker)、樟疫霉(P.cinnamomi Rands)和烟草疫霉(P.nicotianae Breda de Haan)有性生殖生物学特性进行研究,结果表明,异宗配合疫霉卵孢子的形成能力因配对菌株的不同而有明显差异,一般种内菌株的亲和性大于种间菌株的亲和性,而不同组种问菌株的亲和性最差。此外,疫霉的有性生殖还受温度、光照、pH、培养基和甾醇等因子的影响。     

具有隐性高秆基因的矮秆迟熟突变体"02428ha"的遗传分析

"02428ha"是从隐性高秆水稻"02428h"中发现的1个矮秆迟熟突变体。其抽穗期比02428h迟32d左右,株高降低60cm左右。遗传分析表明,02428ha矮秆性状的遗传涉及2对基因,而迟熟感光性则受1对显性基因控制。     

猪卵泡液和胎牛血清对猪小腔卵泡卵母细胞体外成熟的影响

本研究探讨了猪卵泡液(pFF)和胎牛血清(FCS)对猪小腔卵泡卵母细胞体外成熟的影响。将猪小腔卵泡(直径<2mm)卵母细胞-卵丘复合体(COCs)以15～35枚为一组随机置于添加不同浓度(0、5%、10%、20%)pFF(试验一)或不同浓度(0、5%、10%、20%)FCS(试验二)的改良TCM-199成熟液中培养44～48h,观察卵母细胞的核成熟率和卵丘扩散情况。试验一结果显示,成熟液中添加10%pFF与对照组和添加5%、20%pFF组相比,显著提高猪小腔卵泡卵母细胞的核成熟率(28 2%比20 5%、20 9%、22 3%;p<0 05);添加5%和20%pFF组与对照组相比,它们的小腔卵泡卵母细胞核成熟率之间差异不显著(p>0 05);添加5%pFF组的COCs卵丘细胞呈现第3类扩散,添加10%和20%pFF组的COCs卵丘细胞呈现第4类扩散,而不添加pFF的对照组的COCs卵丘细胞呈现第2类扩散。试验二结果显示,成熟液中添加10%FCS与对照组和添加5%、20%FCS组相比,明显提高猪小腔卵泡卵细胞的核成熟率(60 0%比37 5%、40 2%、43 9%;p<0 05);添加5%和20%FCS组与对照组相比,它们的小腔卵泡卵细胞核成熟率之间差异不显著(p<0 05);FCS在COCs体外成熟培养的前22～24h促进了卵丘扩散(3个处理组的COCs卵丘细胞呈现第3类扩散,而对照组COCs的卵丘细胞呈现第2类扩散)。研究结果表明:(1)成熟液中添加pFF可促使猪小     

‘金二十世纪’梨果实ABA代谢酶基因克隆及其表达分析

为了解ABA对‘金二十世纪’梨果实成熟的调控作用,本研究采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分析测定了果实成熟过程中果皮、果肉和种子内源ABA含量变化,采用RT-PCR和RACE技术从该梨果实中克隆得到了2个ABA关键合成酶(NCED)和1个关键降解酶(CYP707A)基因,分别命名为PpNCED1、PpNCED2和PpCYP707A1,并对其进行了表达分析。结果显示:随着果实成熟,果皮中ABA含量持续增加,果肉和种子中ABA含量于采收前10d达到峰值后下降。果皮和果肉中,PpNCED2表达量显著高于PpNCED1,且与ABA含量变化趋势一致,是果皮和果肉中ABA生物合成的主效基因。种子中,PpNCED1和PpNCED2表达量均很高,是种子中ABA生物合成的主效基因。果皮、果肉和种子中PpCYP707A1表达模式与ABA含量变化趋势相反,是ABA含量变化的主要负调控基因。综上,ABA可能调控‘金二十世纪’梨果实成熟进程,而ABA含量水平是由合成酶和降解酶基因共同调控的,且不同组织中ABA生物合成的主效基因存在差异。     

受精液中添加β-ME、BSA和咖啡因对猪卵母细胞体外受精后早期发育的影响

进行受精液中添加不同浓度的β-ME、BSA和咖啡因对猪卵母细胞体外受精及其早期发育的影响试验。结果表明,在受精液中添加β-ME(2、10、50μmol/L)对猪卵母细胞体外受精后的早期发育无显著促进作用,当添加浓度过高(250μmol/L)时对早期胚胎发育反而不利;在受精液中添加咖啡因(1、2、4mmol/L)对猪卵母细胞体外受精后的早期发育无显著的促进作用;在受精液中添加BSA(0.1%、0.2%、0.4%、0.8%)对猪卵母细胞体外受精后的早期发育有一定的促进作用,并以添加0.4%BSA的效果最好。     

龙眼体细胞胚胎高质量浓度蔗糖成熟培养后的超微结构变化

以龙眼红核子品种的松散型胚性愈伤组织诱导的体细胞胚胎为材料 ,研究了体细胞胚胎经 5 0 g· L- 1 蔗糖成熟培养后的超微结构变化 .结果表明 ,经过成熟培养之后 ,龙眼体细胞胚胎细胞在结构和代谢上都发生了根本性的变化 .该研究有助于了解龙眼体细胞成熟机理以及进一步优化龙眼体胚再生系统     

Serotonin induces ovarian maturation in giant freshwater prawn broodstock, Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man

This study investigated the effects of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine or 5HT) on ovarian development in Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man. Adult female prawns at the ovarian stage I (spent) were injected with 5HT at 1, 5, 10, 20 and 50 μg g^− 1 body weight (BW) intramuscularly on days 0, 5 and 10, and sacrificed on day 15. The doses as related to the effect could be categorized into three levels: low (1 and 5 μg g^− 1 BW of 5HT), medium (10 and 20 μg g^− 1 BW of 5HT) and high (50 μg g^− 1 BW of 5HT). The low-dose, especially at 1 μg g^− 1 BW, caused prawns to exhibit a significant increase in ovarian index (ovarian weight/body weight × 100) (5.79 ± 0.09%) as compared to the control (1.49%). The ovaries of most of these prawns could develop to stage IV (mature) and contained synchronously mature oocytes while most of the control ovaries remained at stage I and II (proliferative), and contained only oogonia to previtellogenic (Oc1, Oc2) and early vitellogenic oocytes (Oc3). The medium- and high-dose treated prawns exhibited ovaries that could reach stages III and IV and contained various types of oocytes of different maturity. Pretreatment with 5HT receptor antagonist, cyproheptadine (CYP), at 10 μg g^− 1 BW before 5HT injection significantly suppressed the effect of 5HT. Intramuscular injection of the 5HT-primed thoracic ganglion culture medium into CYP-pretreated prawns resulted in the increase of ovarian index about 5–6 times more than in the control, and in the groups injected with 5HT-primed media from muscle strip, eyestalk and brain. The ovaries of most prawn could develop up to stage IV and contained synchronously developed vitellogenic (Oc4) and mature oocytes (Oc5). These findings suggest that 5HT indirectly induces ovarian development and oocytes maturation in M. rosenbergii, probably via a putative ovarian stimulating factor released from the thoracic ganglia.     

Life-history variation in perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) in five neighbouring Norwegian lakes

Abstract – We have studied the population dynamics and reproductive biology of perch ( Perca fluviatilis L.) from five neighbouring lakes in Norway. The lakes vary in water quality, varying from strongly acidified (pH≤5.0) to not acidified (pH≥6.0). Estimated annual survival rates did not differ among populations. There was no strong relationship between age at maturity in female perch and acidification. However, age at maturity was lower for female perch from the most acidic lake ( c . 2 years) compared with perch in the four other lakes (2.5–3.5 years). There was no relationship between acidification level and size-adjusted egg size, fecundity or reproductive investment (Gonadosomatic index – GSI). Perch in the most acidified lake showed large variation in egg size, the lowest length-specific fecundity, the highest GSI, and the lowest age at maturity. Environmental stress, such as acidification, induces a number of changes to a lake community. It is therefore difficult to predict how acidification will influence the population dynamics and reproductive biology of a perch population.     

Haemolymph metabolic variables in relation to eyestalk ablation and gonad development of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Boone

The present study analyses some biochemical variables in haemolymph proposed as predictive indicators of the maturation capability following eyestalk ablation. Haemolymph of captive females was obtained before and 8 days after eyestalk ablation, and levels of haemocyanin, total proteins, glucose, lactate, cholesterol, triacylglycerides and vitellogenin were determined. Biochemical variables were also analysed in the hepatopancreas at the end of the experiment. Females were grouped as immature (previtellogenic stage) and mature (vitellogenic and cortical stages) based on histological analysis done 8 days after eyestalk ablation. To analyse haemolymph variables before eyestalk ablation in relation to maturation capability, immature females were classified as those with a low maturation capability and mature females as those with a high maturation capability. Females of high maturation capability had significantly higher vitellogenin levels before eyestalk ablation than females of low maturation capability. No significant differences were found for the other biochemical variables. Vitellogenin was also higher in mature than in immature females at the end of the experiment. These results indicate that vitellogenin levels in haemolymph could be used as possible predictive criteria of maturation capability, possibly because they reflect the degree of ovarian development at the time of eyestalk ablation.     

Off-Season Spawning of Eurasian Perch Perca Fluviatilis

This study was designed to determine the effects of the selection for body weight and of two final warming durations during an out-of-season reproductive cycle on gonad recrudescence, plasma steroid levels and spawning in Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis males and females. Two different bodyweight classes (200–250 and 350–400 g) and two different warming periods (1 or 2 months) were studied.At the end of the chilling period, a significant effect of the selection for body weight was observed on gonad development whereas fish were the same age. According to higher levels in testosterone (12 ng mL^–1), a better development was recorded for smaller breeders (P < 0.05). A short water warming period up to 14°C (1 month v.s. 2 months) allowed higher rates of females with completed gonadogenesis (33–38% v.s. 7–8%) and spawning (31–33% v.s. 0%) (P < 0.05). Spontaneous out-of-season spawning (17 ribbons) and larvae were obtained. Relative fecundity was about 100 eggs g^–1 of female body weight. Five ribbons were partly fertilized with a rate ranging from 5 to 90%. These studies have shown that delayed spawning in Eurasian perch can be obtained by a temperature manipulation, but results are not sufficient because of low stimulation rate of females, low spawning rates and high heteroge-neity of fertilization rates. The effects of other environmental factors like photoperiod should be tested in further experiment to improve the protocol inducing out-of-season spawning production.