Evaluation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria for biological control of pythium root rot of cucumbers grown in rockwool and effects on yield

Three strains ofPseudomonas fluorescens (63-49, 63-28, and 15), one strain ofPseudomonas corrugata (13) and one strain ofSerratia plymuthica (R1GC4) were tested on rockwool-grown cucumbers for their ability to reduce Pythium root-rot caused byPythium aphanidermatum. These strains were previously selected for biocontrol ability from collections of >4000 bacteria. Strains 63-49 and 63-28 were tested on cucumber plants grown in rockwool in two replicatedPythium-inoculated trials conducted in British Columbia (B.C). Another inoculated, replicated trial was conducted in Quebec with all five strains. Cucumber yields (fruit number and weight) were measured over a ten-week harvest period. Strain 63-49 caused an early promotion of plant growth and increased cucumber yields at early harvests. No measurable effect ofPythium inoculation on disease development was observed in the Quebec trial, due to unfavourable cool weather. However, 63-49 significantly increased the total number of cucumbers (12%) and cucumber weight (18%), compared to the non-treated control. Strains 13, 15 and R1GC4 slightly increased the cumulative cucumber yields, but strain 63-28 had no effect. In the B.C. trial, inoculation withP. aphanidermatum reduced the number and weight of cucumbers by 27%. Treatments ofPythium-inoculated cucumbers with 63-49 significantly increased fruit number and weight by 18%, compared to thePythium-inoculated control. Strain 63-28 increased the cumulative number of cucumbers over time, compared to thePythium-inoculated control, but the increase was less than with 63-49. The use ofPseudomonas spp. in rockwool-grown cucumbers can increase yields, both in the presence and absence of Pythium root rot, and with variable seasonal conditions and disease pressures.     

家养观赏地图鱼肺炎克雷伯氏菌、维氏气单胞菌与黏质沙雷氏菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

本试验旨在通过细菌分离鉴定,明确家养观赏地图鱼的死因,筛选敏感药物。采用常规方法分离纯化细菌后,进行细菌形态学观察,并通过小白鼠致病性试验、细菌主要生化鉴定、16SrDNA序列测定分析、药敏试验及耐药基因检测等方法对分离的细菌进行鉴定及耐药分析。分离出3株革兰氏阴性短杆菌,根据细菌形态特征及理化特性,结合16SrDNA序列测定与系统发育分析结果,判定其分别为肺炎克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)、维氏气单胞菌(Aeromonas veronii)和黏质沙雷氏菌(Serratia marcescens),其中肺炎克雷伯氏菌具有较强致病性。3株细菌均对洛美沙星、氧氟沙星、阿米卡星、卡那霉素敏感,对阿莫西林、氟苯尼考、克林霉素、甲硝唑等具有较强耐药性。结果表明,肺炎克雷伯氏菌、维氏气单胞菌、黏质沙雷氏菌的混合感染是家养观赏地图鱼的死亡原因。     

一株耐高温抑菌黏质沙雷氏菌的鉴定及其红色素的初步分离

[目的]为了了解黏质沙雷氏菌的抑菌机理及温度对其产生色素的影响。[方法]从土壤中分离纯化得到1株产红色素细菌,对该菌进行生理生化和16S rDNA鉴定,同时对该菌产生的红色素进行了初步的探讨。[结果]该菌为黏质沙雷氏菌(Serratia marcescens),在28℃条件下培养红色素产量最高,37℃下仍能产生色素,说明该菌株是耐高温红色素产生菌。紫外全波长扫描分析和薄板层析结果表明,其红色色素有可能是灵菌红素。[结论]该菌对霉状杆菌和镰刀菌等病原菌具有一定的抑制作用。     

Biological control of potato soft rot caused by Dickeya solani and the survival of bacterial antagonists under cold storage conditions

Dickeya and Pectobacterium are responsible for causing blackleg of plants and soft rot of tubers in storage and in the field, giving rise to losses in seed potato production. In an attempt to improve potato health, biocontrol activity of known and putative antagonists was screened using in vitro and in planta assays, followed by analysis of their persistence at various storage temperatures. Most antagonists had low survival on potato tuber surfaces at 4 °C. The population dynamics of the best low-temperature tolerant strain and also the most efficient antagonist, Serratia plymuthica A30, along with Dickeya solani as target pathogen, was studied with TaqMan real-time PCR throughout the storage period. Tubers of three potato cultivars were treated in the autumn with the antagonist and then inoculated with D. solani. Although the cell densities of both strains decreased during the storage period in inoculated tubers, the pathogen population was always lower in the presence of the antagonist. The treated tubers were planted in the field the following growing season to evaluate the efficiency of the bacterial antagonist for controlling disease incidence. The potato endophyte S. plymuthica A30 protected potato plants by reducing blackleg development on average by 58.5% and transmission to tuber progeny as latent infection by 47–75%. These results suggest that treatment of potato tubers with biocontrol agents after harvest can reduce the severity of soft rot disease during storage and affect the transmission of soft rot bacteria from mother tubers to progeny tubers during field cultivation.     

内生黏质沙雷氏菌LIEH 92对向日葵菌核病的防治效果及其防病机制研究

本研究评价了从向日葵列当体内分离筛选得到的内生黏质沙雷氏菌(Serratia marcescens)LIEH 92对向日葵菌核病进行盆栽与大田防效评价,并测定了该菌株的生理特性和其在根际土与向日葵体内的定殖情况。结果表明,LIEH 92发酵液对向日葵菌核病的室内盆栽防效达73.35%,对大田根腐型菌核病和盘腐型菌核病防效分别达53.48%和38.64%。菌株LIEH 92可产生几丁质酶,并能在根际土和向日葵根、茎、叶内定殖与传导,定殖菌量达102~106 cfu/g。其在向日葵植株的根内定殖数量最大,茎中次之,叶中最少。在灭菌土中LIEH 92在根际土和向日葵根部的定殖菌量小于在自然土中其在相应部位的定殖菌量,而灭菌土中LIEH 92在向日葵茎部和叶部的定殖菌量则大于自然土中相应的定殖菌量。LIEH 92处理可提高向日葵植株PAL、POD和PPO等防御酶活性,从而诱导向日葵对菌核病的抗性。LIEH 92对向日葵菌核病具有生防潜力。     

一株几丁质酶产生菌的分离鉴定及其灭蝗增效作用

从土壤中分离到一株几丁质酶活性较高的细菌,其48 h发酵液的酶活力达到110 U／mL。Biolog MicroStation全自动细菌鉴定系统鉴定确认,该菌为粘质沙雷氏菌(Serratia marcescens)的一个亚种。该菌与类产碱假单胞菌(Pseudomonas pseudoaligenes)等量混合制成一种新的混合型生物灭蝗剂在防治蝗虫上比其单一菌株有明显的增效作用,对蝗虫平均死亡率达93.33％。     

根际细菌Serratia plymuthica HRO-C48的生防作用初探

 沙雷氏菌Serratia plymuthica HRO-C48分离自油菜根际,是一种产几丁质酶和IAA的植物根际促生细菌。离体抑菌活性测定表明,菌株HRO-C48具有广谱抗真菌活性。与12种测试的植物病原真菌平板对峙培养,产生大小不同的抑菌圈,说明可能通过产生抗生素抑制真菌生长。温室盆栽试验中,用HRO-C48菌悬液对番茄进行浸种和灌根处理,该菌在番茄植株根际能大量定殖,4周后根表和根际土壤中的菌量仍稳定在 1.0×10⁶ cfu/g 水平。在温室条件下,菌株HRO-C48可有效防治黄瓜猝倒病,防治效果达49.57;还能诱导番茄叶片对灰霉病的系统抗性,诱抗效果达44.45%。综合以上结果,说明菌株HRO-C48的生防作用可能依赖于抗生、溶菌、根际竞争、促生和诱导抗性等多种机制的组合。     

一株产胶原蛋白酶沙雷氏菌的分离及鉴定

从土样和水样中分离具有明胶水解活性的细菌。经活性平板初筛、牛皮消化实验和活性测定表明,菌株Col-C对牛皮具有较强消化能力,对Ⅲ型胶原蛋白的水解活性为21.19 U/mL。经形态学观察、生理生化特性和16SrDNA序列分析,鉴定该菌株为粘质沙雷氏菌(Serratia marcescen)。该菌株所产胶原蛋白酶可用于饲用皮革蛋白粉的消化降解。     

灵杆菌素对人结肠癌细胞LS-174t增殖抑制作用

采用热酚水法提取灵杆菌素并对提取物粗品进行纯化,用MTT法检测其对LS-174t细胞生长增殖的抑制作用,透射电镜观察细胞凋亡的形态学变化;RT-PCR法检测Bcl-2和Bax mRNA的表达及琼脂糖凝胶电泳法检测DNA纯度;流式细胞仪分析检测细胞周期的改变.实验结果发现,灵杆菌素可能通过诱导凋亡抑制LS-174t细胞生长,其机制可能与抑制抗凋亡因子Bcl-2、增强凋亡因子Bax的表达量有关.