有益生防菌包衣处理不同油菜品种种子对菌核病发病率及产量的影响研究

油菜菌核病是油菜上的重要病害之一,在四川局部地区油菜根肿病时有发生,严重威胁到油菜安全生产。以油菜菌核病和根肿病为防治对象,与华中农业大学合作,利用其筛选的有益生防菌,选择双低和高芥酸油菜品种国豪油8号和绵油309,对其种子进行包衣处理,分别在无和有根肿病史的水旱轮作地,开展田间试验。试验结果表明：有益生防菌包衣处理的菌核病发病率均低于没有包衣处理;包衣处理的不同品种产量均高于没有包衣处理,但品种间有差异;包衣处理过的高芥酸油菜品种绵油309的产量高于包衣处理过的双低油菜品种国豪油8号;在有根肿病史试验田种植的菌核病发病率低于无根肿病史试验田,产量高于无根肿病史试验田。包衣处理对油菜根肿病的防治效果不显著。     

石灰石砂砾负载铁膜及其强化除磷效果

为研究探讨出一种成本低、适用于农村生活污水处理的人工湿地填料负载铁膜方法,通过室内小试比较了石灰石砂砾、普通河沙砂砾2种材料,以及FeCl_3溶液、FeSO_4溶液、Fe(OH)_3胶体溶液3种含铁溶液,并比较了不同的工艺条件,包括4种加液方式:载体浸泡在溶液中不捞出、浸泡2 h后捞出、浸泡1 min后立即捞出和喷淋,3种干燥方式:105℃烘干、太阳晒干和室内自然晾干;同时构建了铁膜石灰石砂砾小型人工湿地,考察了其实际运行效果。试验优选出的负载铁膜方法为:石灰石砂砾浸泡在浓度为1.5 mol·L~(-1)的FeSO_4溶液中,使石灰石砂砾与溶液充分接触1 min后捞出,再将捞出后的石灰石砂砾室内通风自然晾干。铁膜石灰石砂砾对生活污水总磷的静态吸附去除率从普通石灰石砂砾的22.7%提高到80.6%;将其应用于小型人工湿地,总磷去除率比普通石灰石砂砾湿地提高了10%～15%。     

中9优系列组合制种防倒伏技术措施

本文分析了中9优系列组合制种倒伏的原因,提出了培育多蘖壮秧;合理密植,减少病虫害的发生;及时露晒田,控制无效分蘖,后期严格控制氮肥的用量;适时施用硅钙肥,改善株型结构;严密注意病虫害发生动态,做好防病防虫关;适时适量喷施九二O;适时抢晴收割等防止倒伏措施。     

提高黑皮冬瓜种子发芽率的方法

黑皮冬瓜种子在正常的情况下,发芽率低,出苗不整齐,通过近年来多次对冬瓜种子进行发芽率试验,探索出提高其发芽率的方法。     

远红光对小麦种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响

为从光学角度探究促进小麦种子萌发与幼苗生长发育更加安全高效的方法,利用(Y,Gd)₃(Ga,Sc)₅O₁₂:Cr³⁺远红光荧光粉封装LED器件作为光源,将LED芯片发射450 nm蓝光转化为峰值波长为730 nm的远红光,利用对比实验,观测白光LED添加与不添加远红光成分两种光照模式下3个小麦品种的种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数,以及幼苗根长、株高、芽苗粗干物质质量变化。结果表明,与不添加远红外光的对照相比,经远红光LED辐照后,小麦种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数均显著提高,增幅分别为3.36%～  7.58%、5.32%～  11.08%和  12.73%～33.53%;远红光LED辐照也促进了小麦幼苗发育,使幼苗根长、株高、芽苗粗和干物质量分别增加  5.53%～20.59%、12.47%～23.21%、14.13%～14.58%和5.62%～  11.34%。因此,新型远红光辐照可作为一种用效手段,用于促进小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长发育。     

鱼肉酶解物及壳聚糖对鲤鱼涂膜保鲜效果的研究

以感官评分、挥发性盐基氮、菌落总数、K值为指标,研究比较了鱼肉酶解物和壳聚糖为原料的涂膜液对鲤(Cyprinus carpio)(4℃)冷藏过程中品质变化的影响。结果显示:贮藏期间,对照组的感官评分显著低于各涂膜组(P<0.05)。贮藏前8 d,涂膜组能够显著抑制K值的升高(P<0.05)。鱼肉酶解物和壳聚糖涂膜组均能够显著抑制细菌的生长,而贮藏2～6 d内鱼肉酶解物涂膜鲤鱼的菌落总数显著低于壳聚糖涂膜组(P<0.05)。贮藏后期,鱼肉酶解物组能延缓TVB-N值的升高,壳聚糖涂膜组能够显著抑制TVB-N值的升高(P<0.05)。鱼肉酶解物可作为一种新的可食性涂膜材料,用于延长鲤鱼的贮藏期。     

竹叶抗氧化物浸泡-乳清分离蛋白涂膜对冷藏富硒虹鳟蛋白质理化性质的影响

为从蛋白质水平解释竹叶抗氧化物浸泡-乳清分离蛋白涂膜对富硒虹鳟的保鲜机理,实验将鲜活富硒虹鳟去除头、内脏和表皮,切块后浸泡在1.0%的竹叶抗氧化物（AOB）溶液中（去离子水作为对照）,再进行乳清分离蛋白（WPI）溶液涂膜,25℃下鼓风吹干表面水分后置于4℃冰箱中贮藏1、4、7、10和13 d。测定鱼肉中肌原纤维蛋白和TCA-可溶性肽的含量、蛋白质的分子内价键,以及肌原纤维蛋白的总巯基含量、表面疏水性和二级结构,分析涂膜对冷藏富硒虹鳟蛋白质理化性质的影响。结果显示,冷藏期间,WPI组的肌原纤维蛋白含量和二级结构中β-折叠的含量显著高于对照组。冷藏1～7 d,WPI组的TCA-可溶性肽和二硫键含量以及表面疏水性指数（H₀）显著低于对照组,总巯基含量呈相反趋势,但随着冷藏时间的延长这些差异逐渐减弱。冷藏13 d时,WPI组与对照组无显著差异。3个实验组中,1.0%AOB+WPI组的肌原纤维蛋白、总巯基、氢键、二级结构中α-螺旋和β-折叠的含量在冷藏期间最高,H₀、TCA-可溶性肽、二硫键和二级结构中β-转角含量最低。WPI在鱼块表面形成一层薄膜,可...     

Fruit and seed diversity of domesticated carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) in Morocco

The carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is an important economic resource for Morocco's rural populations. This species is used in reforestation actions and its cultivation in modern orchards is being undertaken to valorize marginal lands and substitute for drought sensitive species. However, little data is available on its intra-specific variability and its adaptability. Morphological characters of pods and seeds from 13 ecoregions of private-domesticated carob were used to assess phenotypic variation of this species. These stands extend from south-west to north-east and cover a wide range of Morocco's ecoregions. Pods length, width, thickness, seeds number, pulp weight, seeds yield and seeds length, width, thickness and weight were measured for 390 trees (30 trees per ecoregion). Statistically significant differences were found between ecoregions for all characters which were examined, what indicates a high phenotypic diversity. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster of all ecoregions lead to identify two major and opposite groups (the northern ecoregions; and the central and south-western ecoregions). Ecoregions of the north of Morocco exhibited the largest and the thickest pods with the highest pulp weight while other ecoregions have relatively short pods but largest proportion of seed yield. Similarly, the northern ecoregions are characterized by the heaviest seeds. A correlation matrix between morphological characters, geographic parameters and precipitation exhibits a positive and a negative correlation of pods thickness and pulp weight with the latitude and the altitude, respectively. Seed yield and weight are negatively and positively correlated to pod width, pod thickness and pulp weight, respectively. In addition, seed weight is positively correlated with the latitude. The geographic pattern of the carob tree and its variability are discussed in this paper.     

Rapid seedlings regeneration from seeds and vegetative propagation with sucker and rhizome of Eremospatha macrocarpa (Mann & Wendl.) Wendl and Laccosperma secundiflorum (P. Beauv.) Kuntze

To develop efficient seedling production methods for Laccosperma secundiflorum and Eremospatha macrocarpa, a study was conducted to examine regeneration using offsets combined with several physical and chemical treatments of seeds. Offsets categorized into small, medium and large diameters, were planted in three conditions: shaded and open nursery, and greenhouse. We tested sucker from E. macrocarpa, and sucker and rhizome from L. secundiflorum. For both species, high viability percentage (ranging from 55% to 100%) were observed for small and medium suckers planted in shaded nursery and greenhouse, against less than 49% for sucker planted in open nursery. The mean seedling emergence times were estimated to 84, 77 and 75 days after planting (DAP) for small, medium and large sucker of L. secundiflorum, respectively under open nursery condition, and 76, 75, 95 DAP for small, medium and large suckers of the same species, respectively in shaded condition. Greenhouse has a significant positive effect on E. macrocarpa seedlings emergence time. For this species, the mean seedling emergence times were estimated to 43 DAP for small sucker and 76, 93 DAP for medium and large suckers. No seedling was obtained from rhizome planted in all the growing conditions tested. Concerning seed dormancy breaking, germination percentages and rates were determined for 13 treatments. The best treatments were pre-soaking unscarified seeds for 4 days in 1.01 g l⁻¹ and 0.10 g l⁻¹ KNO₃, with 79% and 68% of germination, respectively and in 3.46 × 10⁻³ g l⁻¹ GA₃ for 68% of germination. These methods are suggested to improve germination of L. secundiflorum seeds. Successful and recommended methods for E. macrocarpa are pre-soaking scarified seeds in 3.46 × 10⁻³ g l⁻¹ and 3.46 × 10⁻⁴ g l⁻¹ GA₃, 96% and 94% of germination, respectively. Dormancy, probably a combination of mechanical and chemical dormancy, is present in the two species.     

Mass propagation of Satyrium nepalense D.Don.—A medicinal orchid via seed culture

An in vitro plant regeneration protocol was successfully established in Satyrium nepalense, a terrestrial orchid by culturing immature seeds from unripe fruits. Seeds were germinated on Murashige and Skoog, Knudson C and Knudson C modified Morel medium. The germination of the seeds and development of protocorm was highest in MS medium (86.7%) followed by Knudson C modified Morel medium (74%) and Knudson C medium (61.2%). Among the cytokinins tried for multiple shoot induction from the protocorm, 1-phenyl-3-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)-urea (TDZ) was found to be superior. Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) was effective for inducing healthy roots. Well-developed plantlets were hardened in vermicompost (leaf litter + cow dung 1:1), sand and coconut husk (1:1:1).