甘蓝型低芥酸油菜单株产量基因效应的研究

用5×5半双列杂交研究甘蓝型低芥酸油菜单株产量的遗传,结果表明:供试的甘蓝型低芥酸油菜品系中,单株产量的遗传符合加性显性模型,显性性质为超显性,平均显性度为1.404。显性基因约为隐性基因的3倍多,并且多数增效基因表现显性,但也有显性的减效基因存在。单株产量的广义遗传力h_B~2=71.4％,狭义遗传力h_N~2=33.18％。供试亲本显性效应的强弱依次为81007>81006>81018>81004>81033,增效基因的多少依次为81018>81006>81007>81004>81033。一般配合力的大小依次为81018>81006>81004>81033>81007。     

长白落叶松种子活力与染色体核型

于1986年在东北林业大学种苗室进行实验研究。利用人工老化法得到了两批生活力相近而活力不同的长白落叶松(Larix olgensis Hcnry)种子。应用玻板直立发芽并测定其幼苗生长势。同时,对萌发种子根尖细胞做了显微观察及核型分析。实验结果:种子活力发生递减时,幼苗生长势下降,发芽高峰明显推迟。此时,胚根细胞分裂相减少,分裂相细胞粘滞性增强。细胞染色体数目和核型构型没有发生变化,但核型类型由对照的2B变为2 C。可见,种子胚根细胞染色体的变化是种子劣变活力降低的明显指标与特征之一。     

毛百合繁殖生物学研究（Ⅲ）：毛百合种子萌发特性

毛厚合花大，吴钟形，１－１２朵顶生，色鲜艳，橙色，橙红色至红色。毛百合主要分布在中国并北地区，其抗寒性很强，是百合属中培育抗寒品种的优良亲本之一。研究结果表明：（１）毛百合种子萌发为留土类型，种子萌发温度范围为１０－３０℃，最适温度为２０℃温度下，种子７－１０ｄ既开始萌动，总萌发率可达８０％以上。（２）实生小鳞茎在２５℃左右适宜真叶萌生，但经２－５℃低温处理１－２个月可在较短时间使９５％以上的小鳞     

Analysis of QTL for Seed Dormancy and Their Response to Dry Heat Treatment in Rice(Oryza sativa L.)

Quantitative trait loci(QTL)controlling seed dormancy in rice were identified using recombinant inbred lines(RILs)population derived from the cross between a japonica variety Kinmaze and an indica variety DV85. Seeds of two parental cultivars and each RIL were harvested in 35d after heading.. The germination percentage of these seeds at 30℃for 7 days were measured as the degree of seed dormancy.. QTL analysis was performed with Windows QTL Cartographer 1.13a program by composite interval mapping.. A total of four QTL for seed dormancy were detected on chromosome 2(two regions),5 and 11,respectively.Phenotypic variation explained by each QTL ranged from 8.37 to 17.40%.. Responses of such loci to a dormancy-breaking treatment with dry heat were further detected. The results showed that two alleles of qDOR-2-1 and qDOR-5 from DV85 as well as the allele of qDOR11 from Kinmaze increased the seed dormancy,which seemed to be easily broken by dry heat treatment. Such loci of seed dormancy may be applied to rice genetic improvement.The allele of qDOR-2-2 from DV85 increased the seed dormancy,which could not be broken by dry heat treatment.     

种子引发对杂交水稻幼苗耐盐性的生理效应

 用 4种引发剂溶液处理 2个杂交稻品种汕优 10和两优培九种子 ,并测定种子和幼苗脯氨酸、可溶性总糖、果糖和蔗糖含量。结果表明 ,引发处理种子脯氨酸和蔗糖含量提高 ,而可溶性糖和果糖含量降低。引发降低了盐胁迫后汕优 10幼苗脯氨酸含量 ,但提高了两优培九幼苗脯氨酸含量。引发处理还能提高盐胁迫后幼苗的可溶性总糖、果糖和蔗糖含量及水稻幼苗耐盐指数和耐盐比率。杂交水稻幼苗耐盐指数、耐盐比率与种子脯氨酸含量 ,以及盐胁迫后幼苗内部可溶性总糖、果糖和蔗糖含量均呈显著正相关 ,而与种子果糖含量呈显著负相关。盐胁迫后幼苗的可溶性总糖、果糖含量与种子可溶性总糖和果糖含量均呈显著负相关 ,而种子脯氨酸含量与盐胁迫后幼苗果糖含量呈显著正相关。因此 ,种子引发通过降低种子果糖水平 ,增加种子脯氨酸含量和盐胁迫幼苗果糖水平 ,从而增强杂交水稻幼苗的耐盐性。试验还表明 ,杂交水稻组合汕优 10耐盐性强于两优培九 ,但引发的效果以两优培九组合更好。     

高压静电场在香葱种子分选上的应用初探

香葱种子落入高压静电场中 ,受场强的作用 ,沿电场方向产生位移 ,根据种子粒重不同 ,分布的区域也不同 ,位移距离较小的种子粒重较大 ,种子活力高 ,电导率低。随着分布区间不同 ,种子活力呈现有规律的变化。因此 ,利用高压静电场选种可作为香葱种子分选的一种有效途径。     

杉木一代种子园半同胞子代测定林早期生长评价

对赣南杉木一代种子园子代测定林37个家系3个对照进行4a生长性状进行调查,并进行指标比较、相关性和聚类分析。结果表明：（1）参试家系的树高和胸径生长量均达到极显著差异,树高指标的变异系数范围为0.0497~0.2583,遗传力范围为0.7417~0.9503,胸径指标的变异系数范围为0.1061~0.3491,遗传力范围为0.6509~0.8939;（2）树高和胸径两个变量间存在极显著的线性正相关关系,即胸径随着树高的增加而增加;（3）对37个参试家系和3个对照的树高和胸径指标进行聚类,将参试材料分为3类,最优类群为类群Ⅲ,以树高和胸径指标均大于类群均值,初选出类群Ⅲ的优良家系为47、57、59、100、176号等5个家系。     

苦楝种核提取物对菜青虫拒食作用研究初报

苦楝种核的几种溶剂提取物对菜青虫选择性和非选择性拒食作用均较强,其中石油醚和氯仿两种提取物对菜青虫拒食作用高于乙醇和水的提取物,也高于苦楝油,而低于川楝素。     

Effect of bamboo vinegar on regulation of germination and radicle growth of seed plants

 Two kinds of bamboo vinegar from madake bamboo (Phyllostachys bambusoides) and moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) were prepared to analyze their components by gas chromatography (GC). The original vinegar, distilled vinegar, ether-extracted vinegar, and three fractions including acidic, neutral, and phenolic fractions separated from ether-extracted vinegar were diluted with distilled water 10² to 10⁷ times. These diluted vinegar solutions were used to investigate the effect of bamboo vinegar on the germination and radicle growth of seed plants. High concentrations of all kinds of treated bamboo vinegars (e.g., 10² of original vinegar and 10³ of ether-extracted vinegar) showed strong inhibition against germination of the seeds. However, an appropriate dilution of bamboo vinegar showed an obvious promotional effect on germination and radicle growth for the four kinds of tested seeds (lettuce, watercress, honewort, chrysanthemum). Received: December, 12, 2001 / Accepted: July 29, 2002 RID="*" ID="*" Part of this paper was presented at the 51st Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 2001     

油松种子园无性系球果与种子性状变异的初步研究

研究了３２个油松无性系的球果与种子的性状变异，初步了解到种子园各无性系的种子品质，分析了球果与种子之间的性状相关性，为油松优良无性系的选择和初级种子园留优去劣疏伐提供了参考。