栗实象成虫触角感器超微结构观察

栗实象Curculio davidi是为害板栗Castanea mollissima的主要种实害虫,严重影响着板栗的品质和产量。为探明栗实象成虫触角感器类型、形态和分布,本文利用扫描电镜对栗实象雌雄成虫触角及触角感器进行观察。结果表明:栗实象雌雄成虫触角柄节、梗节、鞭节1~6亚节长度存在显著差异。雌、雄成虫触角上均有7类12种感器,包括4种刺形感器、2种锥形感器、1种叉形感器、2种毛形感器,1种B?hm氏鬃毛、1种腔形感器和1种端指形感器。其中雄虫刺形感器Ⅰ、毛形感器Ⅰ、叉形感器的长度显著长于雌虫,雄虫鞭节第7、8亚节的锥形感器数量显著多于雌虫。     

十二个李品种的花粉形态的研究

应用电子扫描显微镜,对12个李品种的花粉进行了形态观察.结果表明:12个品种的花粉均属于中等大小的花粉(25～50 μm),花粉粒两端均为圆弧状.一些李品种的花粉外部形态差异明显,赤道面观分别呈长球形和扁球形之分,扁球形花粉的萌发孔在赤道面凸出角端;极面观有三裂片圆形和三角形之分;均具三孔沟,外壁纹饰均为条纹孔穴型,具平行分叉条纹或平行条纹呈皱波状,脊表面有或少或多的孔穴.不同李品种在花粉粒大小、萌发孔、形态上均表现一定的差异性,对于李品种的区分、引种、选育和生产实践中具有一定的参考和应用价值.     

Hull to caryopsis adhesion and grain skinning in malting barley: Identification of key growth stages in the adhesion process

Strong adhesion between the hull and the caryopsis is essential for barley to be of good malting quality. Poor hull adhesion, a condition known as grain skinning, is undesirable for malting and downstream processes. At present, the processes mediating hull adhesion during grain development are poorly understood. The barley cultivar Chariot was grown in greenhouse conditions and grain development was recorded at defined growth stages to examine the timing of hull adhesion. Initiation of adhesion was first observed when caryopsis fresh weight and volume were approaching their maximum at 19 days after anthesis, during early dough. Hull adhesion was complete by 27 days after anthesis, or soft dough. Sections of developing grains were observed using light and transmission electron microscopy to examine a lipid-rich cementing layer believed to be responsible for adhesion between the hull and the pericarp. Evidence for a lipid-rich cementing material was supported by the observation that neither pectinase nor cellulase effected hull loosening. Grain growth, the presence of globular material originating from the pericarp and an electron dense material in the cementing layer are discussed in relation to hull adhesion. Grain skinning could be caused by poor adherence of cuticular material or inadequate fusion between cuticles.     

黄土高原全新世土壤锆石颗粒表面超微结构及其发生环境

本文借助于扫描电镜显微镜,对黄土高原三个全新世黄土古土壤剖面中锆石颗粒表面超微结构进行观察,将表面超微结构按外观形态划分为六个种类,并对各类特征发生频数进行定量统计分析,研究表明锆石颗粒有丰富的表面超微结构反映沉积前后的风化作用性质和程度,进而讨论了黄土高原Ｌｏｕ土和黑垆土及其盖层的发生环境。     

光氧化条件下两个水稻品种光合电子传递和光合酶活性的变化

在低ＣＯ２、低ＣＯ２、中等光强的光氧化条件下,测定了耐光氧化品种０２４２８和对光氧化敏感品种金刚３０的光合电子传递和碳代谢有关的酶活性变化。处理１天后,当耐光氧化品种ＰＳⅡ活性开始下降时,ＰＳⅠ活性有增加现象。随着叶内活性氧产生增加,两个品种的ＲｕＢＰｃ活性受到明显抑制,但耐光氧化品种的碳酸酐酶（ＣＡ）和磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶活性出现诱导性增加。上述结果表明：在光氧化逆境下,光俣电子传递和碳同化的     

橡胶种子呼吸的电子传递途径和种子活力的关系

研究结果表明,（１）用ＳＨＡＭ（水杨肟酸）处理种子,能部分抑制抗氰电子传递途径,种子活力指数也随之大幅度下降,主要表现为“苗”生长受到抑制,同时贮藏脂质的降解及糖再生的乙醛酸环代谢速率也大幅度下降;（２）用ＮａＣＮ处理种子,提高了抗氰呼吸电子传递途径比率,但并未提高种子的活力指数,种子活力指数反而稍有下降;（３）ＳＨＡＭ和ＮａＣＮ的预处理,对种子的发芽率没有明显影响。     

芜菁花叶病毒的分离鉴定

从海南儋州地区的白菜病株上获得一个病毒分离物,经症状观察,电镜观察,理化性质分析及血清学检测,被鉴定为芜菁花叶病毒。     

鲇叶形吸虫(Phyllodistomum parasiluri) 成虫体表超微结构

用扫描电镜对寄生于鲇鱼膀胱内的鲇叶形吸虫成虫体表超微结构进行了观察。成虫呈独特的乒乓球拍状。口吸盘背上方有一明显的小窝（前窝）,它与发状科吸虫系统发育有关,鲇叶形吸成虫体表无体棘,表皮凹凸不平,由大小、形状较一致的表皮突起有规则地排列而成。表皮上可观察到皮孔和小珠状的分泌物。两种不同形状的无纤毛乳突被观察到。半球状突起的乳突数量多、分布广,并且在口吸盘和前窝周围呈对称分布。“玫瑰花”状乳突形同玫瑰花饰,数量少,仅分布于虫体背部。     

Ultrastructural analysis of sequential cyprinid herpesvirus 3 morphogenesis in vitro

Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV‐3) is an alloherpesvirus, and it is the aetiological agent of koi herpesvirus disease. Although the complex morphogenic stages of the replication cycle of CyHV‐3 were shown to resemble that of other members of the Herpesvirales, detailed analysis of the sequence and timing of these events was not definitively determined. This study describes these features through a time course using cyprinid cell cultures (KF‐1 and CCB) infected with CyHV‐3 (KHV isolate, H361) and analysed by transmission electron microscopy. Rapid viral entry was noted, with high levels of intracellular virus within 1–4 h post‐infection (hpi). Intranuclear capsid assembly, paracrystalline array formation and primary envelopment of capsids occurred within 4 hpi. Between 1 and 3 days post‐infection (dpi), intracytoplasmic secondary envelopment occurred, as well as budding of infectious virions at the plasma membrane. At 5–7 dpi, the cytoplasm contained cytopathic vacuoles, enveloped virions within vesicles, and abundant non‐enveloped capsids; also there was frequent nuclear deformation. Several morphological features are suggestive of inefficient viral assembly, with production of non‐infectious particles, particularly in KF‐1 cells. The timing of this alloherpesvirus morphogenesis is similar to other members of the Herpesvirales, but there may be possible implications of using different cell lines for CyHV‐3 propagation.