Effect of safflower injection on LPS-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation in rabbits

AIM：To study the effect of safflower injection on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in rabbits. METHODS：The rabbit model of DIC was induced by continuous infusion of LPS at a dose of 100 μg·kg-1·h-1 for 6 h. The treatment with safflower injection and heparin were started simultaneously with LPS infusion through the contralateral marginal ear vein. The activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), platelet count and fibrin(ogen) concentration were measured. The plasma levels of fibrin(ogen) degradation products (FDP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and blood urine nitrogen (BUN) were detected. The activity of protein C and antithrombin III (AT III) and the concentration of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were also determined. RESULTS：The gradual injury of hemostatic parameters was induced by continuous infusion of LPS. APTT, PT, BUN, ALT and plasma TNF-α were increased obviously. The platelet count, fibrinogen, FDP, protein C and AT III were decreased significantly. The intravenous administration of safflower injection attenuated the increases in the levels of APTT, PT, BUN, ALT, FDP and plasma TNF-α induced by LPS infusion, and improved the plasma levels of fibrinogen, platelet, protein C and AT III. CONCLUSION: Safflower injection protects against LPS-induced DIC in rabbits．     

正交试验法优选正己烷提取河湟红花籽油最佳工艺

[目的]优选并确定正己烷提取河湟红花籽油的最佳工艺。[方法]以河湟红花籽油出油率为指标,采用正交试验法对提取温度、提取时间、提取次数、液料比4个因素进行估选研究。[结果]对河湟红花籽油得率的影响因素依次为提取次数（C）〉提取温度（A）〉液料比（D）〉提取时间（B）。以B因素为误差项做方差分析,结果表明：提取温度和提取次数对籽油得率有显著性影响。[结论]综合河湟红花籽油得率及实际情况等因素,确定最佳工艺为ABCD,即提取温度65℃,每次提取时间2h,提取次数3次,液料比3∶1。     

Relationships among different geographical groups,agro-morphology,fatty acid composition and RAPD marker diversity in Safflower (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Carthamus tinctorius</Emphasis>)

Patterns of geographical diversity, and the relationship between agro-morphological traits and fatty acid composition were assessed for 193 safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) accessions representing forty countries. Accessions were assigned to eight groups based on geographical proximity. Cluster and Principal Component analyses were performed to assess patterns of diversity among the accessions and to select the most distant accessions from each of eight groups for analysis of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. There was a large amount of diversity for agro-morphological traits, fatty acid composition, and RAPD markers. Most correlations among different traits were rather low. Plant height showed a positive correlation with days to flowering (r = 0.63**). Palmitic acid was positively correlated with stearic acid and oleic acid values, and negatively correlated with linoleic acid (P < 0.01). Oleic acid and linoleic acid showed a strong negative correlation (r = −0.89**). The first three principal components together explained 59% of the variation, however, neither principal component analysis (PCA) nor marker analysis revealed a clear relationship between diversity pattern and geographical origin. Accessions from some geographical regions tended to group together, such as accessions from South Western Asia, Central Western Europe, and the Mediterranean region. The correlation between the morphological matrix and the genetic matrix based on RAPD markers was not significant (r = 0.027). Wide diversity in safflower germplasm indicates a considerable potential for improving this crop for both agronomic and quality traits.     

不同基因型红花种质耐低磷筛选指标的鉴定及评价

[目的]获得耐低磷红花种质的形态鉴定指标,并选择磷高效红花种质。[方法]利用水培营养形成的低磷素水平和正常磷素水平对17份红花种质进行耐低磷筛选指标的鉴定及其综合评价。[结果]低磷胁迫下,除根冠比外,苗高、叶长、叶宽、主根长、侧根数、根鲜重、地上部鲜重和根体积这8个指标的生长发育迟缓,但不同品种不同指标间受低磷胁迫后的变异幅度不同。不同基因型红花种质耐低磷能力差异显著,耐低磷能力较强的3份红花种质分别是"原阳红花-3""封丘红花-1"和"永城红花";相对根体积、相对根鲜重和相对地上部鲜重可以作为红花耐低磷种质的筛选指标,可利用红花苗期耐低磷能力的回归模型对红花进行耐低磷能力预测。[结论]筛选出耐低磷能力较强的红花种质,将为培育耐低磷红花新品种和克隆相关磷高效基因提供基础材料。     

温度对红花芽菜生长特性及有效成分的影响

以红花株系农家品种、‘B-1’‘1-3’‘3-10’为材料,研究不同温度(20、25、30和35℃)对红花芽菜生长特性及有效成分的影响。结果表明:25℃时4种红花种子出苗率最高且分别为95.67%、90.00%、99.00%和96.33%,红花芽菜幼苗的生长状况最好,芽菜的单株鲜质量最大分别为0.41、0.41、0.49和0.45g,百株生物学产量分别为41.00、37.49、45.56和37.40g,百株净产量分别为32.79、31.08、36.84和29.84g,20℃时红花芽菜中的功效成分黄酮和羟基红花黄色素A质量分数最高,分别为24.72和19.05mg/g,多糖质量分数较低;随着温度的升高,红花芽菜黄酮和羟基红花黄色素A质量分数呈下降趋势,多糖质量分数增加。20~25℃为红花芽菜生长的适宜温度。     

Effect of oilseed type on the efficacy of five diatomaceous earth formulations against <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tribolium castaneum</Emphasis> Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

The insecticidal efficacy of five diatomaceous earth (DE) formulations, Protect-It^®, SilicoSec^®, Insecto^®, Perma-Guard^? D-10 and Dryacide^® was evaluated against adult Tribolium castaneum Herbst, the red flour beetle, on three oilseeds: safflower, sunflower and sesame. The DE formulations were applied at three rates: 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/kg. The experiment was carried out at 26°C and 55 (±5)% RH in the dark. The mortality of T. castaneum adults was measured after 3, 7, 14 and 21 days exposure. After the 21-day mortality count, all surviving insects were removed and the samples retained under the same conditions for a further 45 days to assess progeny production (F1). Significant differences were recorded among the three oilseed types as well as between the DE formulations tested. After 21 days exposure, even at the lowest treatment rate, adult mortality was high (>90%) in safflower for all DE formulations. In contrast adult mortality was significantly lower in the case of sesame. Increased application rates improved the efficacy of DEs in sunflower and sesame. Even at the lowest rate the complete suppression in progeny production was achieved on treated safflower. The greatest number of progeny was recorded for treated sunflower seeds. Protect-It^® and Dryacide^® were the most efficient DE formulations against T. castaneum.     

红花种子人工老化试验研究

从6个供试红花品种种子人工老化试验的结果表明,随着处理天数的增加,种子发芽率,发芽指数,活力指数均呈下降趋势,但品种之间有明显差异。对种子活力进行评价时,活力指数是一个比较灵敏的指标[1],自然老化的红花种子,其电导率与发芽率,简化活力指数均成负相关。电导率可以作为红花种子活力测定的一个指标。     

Study of genetic diversity in safflower genotypes using agro-morphological traits and RAPD markers

This research was conducted to study the genetic diversity in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) using agro-morphological traits and RAPD markers. Sixteen selected lines derived from landraces growing in various agro-climatic regions of Iran along with four exotic genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications under field conditions. Days to emergence, days to initial flowering, days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height, branches per plant, capitula per plant, seeds per capitulum, 1,000-seed weight, seed yield per plant, seed yield, and reaction to powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica Arnaud) were evaluated in this study. Genetic diversity of the genotypes was assessed by RAPD markers. The results indicated significant differences among genotypes for the agro-morphological traits and clustering based on these traits classified the genotypes into five groups. Analysis of the RAPD markers revealed 15 polymorphic primers out of 50 used primers. Based on RAPD data, the highest genetic similarity was observed between the cultivars of “AC Sunset,” “AC Sterling” from Canada and the lowest relatedness observed between a local breeding line “E₂₄₂₈” and genotype “GE₆₂₉₂₃” from Germany. Cluster analysis based on RAPD markers and 54% coefficient of similarity divided the genotypes into five distinct groups. Comparing the clusters based on agro-morphological traits with those from molecular markers showed slight similarities. The finding of high genetic variation for agro-morphological traits and polymorphism at DNA level reveal that agronomic traits can be improved by selection programs.     

花油两用红花新品种‘云红花五号’和‘云红花六号’的选育研究

‘云红花五号’和‘云红花六号’是云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所经系统选育的花油两用红花新品种。该品种的生育期分别为178、183天,在2013—2014年度多点试验中,平均种籽产量分别为2166、2161.8 kg/hm~2,较对照品种‘弥渡’红花的种籽平均增产18.47%、18.24%;平均花瓣产量分别为512.1、529.95 kg/hm~2,对照品种‘弥渡’红花的花瓣平均增产20.00%、24.18%。其主要特点表现为无刺、株高适宜、易于采摘、花色红、生育期适中、高产、高含油率(分别为29.1%、26.3%)、高亚油酸(分别为81.95%、80.86%)、抗病、抗旱和适应性广。在云南红花生产示范中,取得了很好的示范推动作用。2015年4月通过云南省种子管理站鉴定,定名为‘云红花五号’和‘云红花六号’。该品种与配套栽培技术结合,经济、社会效益明显,适宜云南怒江、澜沧江、元江、红河、金沙江及其支流的河谷地带,海拔1000~1600 m的地区及同类型生态区域种植。同时,也适应新疆红花产区种植。     

红花品种遗传多样性的SRAP分析

利用相关序列扩增多态性SRAP(Sequence-related amplified polymorphism)技术对8份国内不同来源以及8份国外不同国家的,共计16份红花栽培种进行遗传多样性分析。选用20对多态性较高的引物组合对材料进行PCR扩增,而后进行聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,获得多态性条带。共获得354条清晰的条带,其中,135条为多态性条带,多态性比率为38.14%。遗传相似系数在0.3~0.9之间,平均相似系数为0.65,表明红花种内不同栽培种之间具有较高的遗传多样性和相似性。