偶氮类色素胭脂红对泥鳅组织酯酶同工酶表达的影响

采用肌肉注射法进行染毒,运用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法研究胭脂红在不同注射剂量、不同染毒时间对泥鳅肝脏、心脏、脾脏、肌肉酯酶同工酶表达的影响。试验结果表明,经一定剂量的胭脂红注射后,泥鳅酯酶同工酶在脾脏中表达最强,肝脏和心脏次之,肌肉最弱,其中脾脏的表达随时间、浓度呈减弱趋势,其余组织则呈先增强再减弱最后增强的趋势。     

凝胶浓度对SSCP技术的影响

SSCP技术易受凝胶浓度、丙烯酰胺与甲叉双丙烯酰胺的比例和添加物等诸多因素的影响。本研究探讨了凝胶中丙烯酰胺与甲叉双丙烯酰胺的比例、凝胶浓度和添加物等对海胆SSCP技术的影响。结果显示:凝胶中丙烯酰胺与甲叉双丙烯酰胺的比例为29∶1、凝胶浓度为10%、凝胶中甘油为最佳的凝胶组成,单链DNA条带清晰,杂带少,容易观察。     

黄颡鱼雌、雄个体血清蛋白、酯酶同工酶及血红蛋白的电泳分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶垂直板(PAGE)电泳,对黄颡鱼雌、雄个体血清蛋白、酯酶同工酶(EST同工酶)及血红蛋白(Hb)进行了分析。结果表明：黄颡鱼雌、雄个体的血清蛋白存在明显差异,表现在B1区雄性个体比雌性个体多1条MI带,B2区雌性个体比雄性个体多1条MA带,少2条MⅡ带,B3区雄性个体比雌性个体多1条MA带。另外在B2区雌、雄个体间MA带和MI带排列次序也有差异。血清EST雌、雄个体也有明显的差异,雄性黄颡鱼血清EST的酶谱出现了3条酶带无中强带,而雌性黄颡鱼EST的酶谱出现了7条酶带,有4条中强带。雌、雄个体胁只能分离出1条谱带,并且雌、雄之间基本没有差异。     

不含 SBTI-A_2的基因导入我国大豆的遗传表达

大豆 Glycine max(L.)Merrill 种子中的主要营养抑制因子是 Kunitz 胰蛋白酶抑制剂(SBTI—A_2)。经利用标准 SBTI 比较谱带的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)分析方法,证实了我国栽培大豆中豆19、临沂81-551、通县元豆、中作84-C_(42)和中作84-C_(02)均属 Ti~aTi~a 型。并利用上述5个黄淮海夏大豆品种或品系与美国不含 SBTI-A_2(titi)品系 L_(81-4590)和 L_(83-4387)杂交,在7个组合的 F_2代中得到了 titi 型。其表型比例为3∶1,符合孟德尔单基因遗传规律。进一步的研究正在进行中。     

What proteomic analysis of the apoplast tells us about plant–pathogen interactions

Plant pathogens have developed different strategies during their evolution to infect and colonize their hosts. In the same way, plants have evolved different mechanisms acting against potential pathogens trying to infect and colonize their tissues. Regulation of a wide variety of proteins is required in order to perceive the pathogen and to activate the plant defence mechanisms. The apoplast is the first compartment where these recognition phenomena occur in most plant–pathogen interactions, allowing the exchange of different molecules and facilitating inter‐ and intracellular communication in plant cells. Proteomic analysis of the apoplast in recent years has found the initial biochemical responses involved in pathogen recognition and early defence responses. However, this proteomic approach requires some specific experimental conditions to obtain an extract free of cytoplasmic proteins and nonprotein contaminants that affect the subsequent stages of separation and quantification. Obtaining the highest proportion of proteins from the apoplastic space in infected tissues requires different steps such as extraction of apoplastic washing fluids and preparation of total secreted proteins (protein precipitation, solubilization, separation and digestion). Protein identification using mass spectrometry techniques and bioinformatics tools identifying peptides for the extracellular exportation is required to confirm the apoplastic location. This review compiles the most commonly used techniques for proteomic studies, focusing on the early biochemical changes occurring in the apoplast of plants infected by a wide range of pathogens. The scope of this approach to discover the molecular mechanisms involved in the plant–pathogen interaction is discussed.     

甘薯薯块DNA提取方法研究

甘薯薯块富含淀粉、酚类等物质,不利于DNA提取。为了研究甘薯薯块DNA提取的最佳方法,采用经典CTAB法、改良CTAB法一、改良CTAB法二和SDS提取法,对甘薯薯块总DNA提取效果进行比较,以试剂盒法提取结果作对照。结果表明:采用经典CTAB提取法和SDS提取法获得的薯块DNA含有较多杂质,且降解严重,样品质量低;CTAB改良法一能降低DNA样品中多糖等物质的含量,但DNA存在一定程度降解,且耗时较长;CTAB改良法二提取效果最佳,杂质含量低且DNA降解少,与试剂盒提取效果最接近,是一种较为理想的甘薯薯块DNA提取方法。     

The influence of abiotic stress conditions on dough mixing characteristics of two hard red spring wheat cultivars

Two commercial hard red spring wheat cultivars were exposed to high and low temperatures, as well as drought stress when the main tiller kernels were at the soft dough stage. The trial was done in the greenhouse for two consecutive seasons to determine the effects of these stress conditions on protein content, SDS sedimentation and selected Mixsmart characteristics. Heat stress had the largest effect on mixing characteristics. Heat and drought stress caused a significant increase in flour protein content of both cultivars and had similar effects on mixing characteristics. The Mixsmart characteristics associated with dough strength were increased by heat and drought stress. Cold stress caused a slight increase in protein content of the cultivars, but in general caused a reduction in dough strength as measured with Mixsmart characteristics. The reaction of Mixsmart characteristics to heat and drought stress was much larger in Duzi than in Kariega, confirming that there is a large genotype effect in rheological characteristics.     

Suitability of tef varieties in mixed wheat flour bread matrices: A physico-chemical and nutritional approach

Wheat flour replacement from 0 to 40% by single tef flours from three Ethiopian varieties DZ-01-99 (brown grain tef), DZ-Cr-37 (white grain tef) and DZ-Cr-387 (Quncho, white grain tef) yielded a technologically viable ciabatta type composite bread with acceptable sensory properties and enhanced nutritional value, as compared to 100% refined wheat flour. Incorporation of tef flour from 30% to 40% imparted discreet negative effects in terms of decreased loaf volume and crumb resilience, and increase of crumb hardness in brown tef blended breads. Increment of crumb hardness on aging was in general much lower in tef blended breads compared to wheat bread counterparts, revealing slower firming kinetics, especially for brown tef blended breads. Blended breads with 40% white tef exhibited similar extent and variable rate of retrogradation kinetics along storage, while brown tef-blended breads retrograded slower but in higher extent than control wheat flour breads. Breads that contains 40% tef grain flour were found to contain five folds (DZ-01-99, DZ-Cr-387) to 10 folds (DZ-Cr-37) Fe, three folds Mn, twice Cu, Zn and Mg, and 1.5 times Ca, K, and P contents as compared to the contents found in 100% refined wheat grain flour breads. In addition, suitable dietary trends for lower rapidly digestible starch and starch digestion rate index were met from tef grain flour fortified breads.     

新型育苗基质在烟叶生产中的应用初报

摘要：为减少目前烤烟漂浮育苗对草炭的依赖,开展了完全替代草炭的新型育苗基质研究,并就筛选出的两种基质与目前使用的基质（对照）进行了育苗、田间对比试验。结果表明：两种基质对烤烟种子的出苗期与对照相比基本无影响,但出苗后T1的长势最差,T2与对照的差异不大。出苗率以对照最高,其次为T2,T1的出苗率最差;T2的烟苗素质与对照相当,且优于T1,主要体现在烟苗的侧根数目上。T2的产量、产值、均价、上等烟率在本试验中表现均最高, 但与对照的差异不显著。     

几种内生真菌DNA提取方法的比较

通过三种内生真菌DNA提取方法的比较,即CTAB法、SDS法、改良的CTAB法,结果表明三种方法都能得到目的DNA,而且得率都不错,但改良的CTAB法效果最好,DNA纯度高且质量也好。用改良的CTAB法所提取的DNA作为模板,进行PCR扩增,得到了清晰的单一的扩增普带,完全可用于酶切、测序等后续实验。