合丰42号大豆优质、高产栽培技术的研究

利用早熟高油大豆合丰42进行三种方式栽培,结果得出:合丰42平作窄行密植,行距30cm时,最佳密度为公顷保苗50-55万株;垄三栽培最佳密度为保苗35万株/hm2;穴播栽培产量和品质含量均最低,不适宜用于高油大豆合丰42栽培.合丰42优质、高产栽培最佳技术为平作窄行密植,其次是垄三栽培.     

犁耕和旋耕作业发动机载荷的统计特性

了解发动机载荷动态特性是对发动机及机组系统进行动态性能分析和动态匹配的前提。该文根据对田间试验和土槽试验数据的各种统计检验,总结了犁耕和旋耕作业时发动机载荷阻转矩的一些基本的统计特性。证实了犁耕作业发动机的载荷可以认为是平稳的正态分布的随机载荷,其功率谱曲线的谱峰在低于2Hz处;旋耕作业发动机的载荷是兼有随机成分和周期成分的动态载荷,其中周期谐波的基频为刀轴转速,随机成分一部分能量集中于基频以内,部分分布于较宽频率范围。在常用的速度范围内,犁耕发动机载荷以及旋耕发动机载荷的低频随机成分的功率谱均可以采用一种单峰谱函数拟合     

翻耕补播措施对宁夏荒漠草原土壤碳氮储量的影响

以3种翻耕补播方式(深翻耕补播、浅翻耕补播和免耕补播,播量30kg/hm²)及深翻补播不同播量(7.5kg/hm²、15kg/hm²和22.5kg/hm²)为研究对象,以封育未补播为对照,研究了不同翻耕补播措施对宁夏荒漠草原土壤碳氮储量的影响。结果表明:封育未补播处理可提高0～10cm土层土壤有机碳和全氮含量;深翻耕补播可显著提高10～20cm和20～40cm土层土壤有机碳含量,深翻耕补播和深翻-播量15.0kg/hm²可分别提高土壤10～20cm和20～40cm土层土壤全氮含量。深翻耕补播、深翻-播量15.0kg/hm²、7.5kg/hm²和封育未补播措施均可提高浅层(0～10cm)土壤碳氮比;浅翻耕补播和深翻-播量7.5kg/hm²可提高10～20cm土层土壤碳氮比。深翻耕且播量为30.0kg/hm²的人工补播措施较其他措施更有利于土壤有机碳和全氮的固存,但从操作性和成本的角度考虑,短期...     

Rainfall concentration for increasing corn production under semiarid climate

The ridge and furrow farming of rainfall concentration (RC) system is being promoted to increase water availability to crops for improving and stabilizing agricultural production in the semiarid Loess region of northwest China. In the system, plastic-covered ridges serve as rainfall harvesting zones and furrows serve as planting zones. In recent years, however, the current RC practices are still confined to rural family units for very limited supplemental irrigation purposes. To adopt this system for large-scale use in the semiarid region and bring it into full play, it is necessary to test the befitting rainfall range for RC farming. A field study (using corn as an indicator crop) combined with rainfall simulation was designed to determine the effects of RC practices on soil water content, crop yield and water use efficiency (WUE) under three rainfall levels (230 mm, 340 mm and 440 mm) during the growing seasons of 2006 and 2007. The results indicated that with the rainfalls ranging within 230-440 mm, RC system can increase soil water content in 0-100 cm and temperature conditions in the topsoil (0-10 cm) in furrows by 5-12% and 0.7-1 °C, respectively. The corn seedlings emerged 1-2 days earlier, the developmental stages generally occurred earlier, and the plant height and total dry matter all significantly increased (P < 0.05). In 2006, compared to conventional flat (CF) practice, the grain yield and WUE in the RC system increased by 75.4% and 73.3%, respectively at 230 mm rainfall, and by 36.7% and 40.2%, respectively at 340 mm rainfall, but there was no significant difference between the RC₄₄₀ and CF₄₄₀ patterns. In 2007, the grain yield and WUE were 82.8% and 77.4%, respectively higher in the RC₂₃₀ plots than in the CF₂₃₀ plots, 43.4% and 43.1%, respectively higher in the RC₃₄₀ plots than in the CF₃₄₀ plots, and 11.2% and 9.5%, respectively higher in the RC₄₄₀ plots than in the CF₄₄₀ plots. Combining yield and WUE, it could be concluded that the optimal rainfall upper limit for RC system is below 440 mm rainfall in the experiment. In the case of corn, the adoption of RC practice in the 230-440-mm rainfall area will make the system more attractive during the whole growth period and offer a sound opportunity for sustainable farming under semiarid climate.     

1GQ-2400型旋耕作畦机的设计

为提高本溪地区中药材生产的机械化水平,借鉴国内旋耕机研制的成功经验,根据当地药材生产的农艺要求,研制开发了1GQ-2400型旋耕作畦机。介绍旋耕作畦机主要部件的组成及功能,探讨其动力参数的设计及计算。该机较好地解决了结构与性能、成本与功能之间的矛盾,能够实现一机多用,具有很好的应用价值。     

朝阳清风岭省级自然保护区范围及功能区调整分析

为了使朝阳清风岭省级自然保护区范围及区划更加科学合理,对自然保护区的调整原则、调整理由、调整必要性等方面进行了研究,提出了调整方案,并对保护区调整后的适宜性进行了评价,以期提高管理效率和保护效益、推进保护区可持续发展。     

旱地小麦休闲期深翻覆盖配套不同播种方式对幼苗抗旱性的影响

采用大田试验方法,研究旱地小麦休闲期深翻深施有机肥、覆盖和不覆盖下不同播种方式对幼苗抗旱性的影响。结果表明,覆盖可显著提高越冬期0～60 cm土壤蓄水量,增加分蘖数、单株叶面积和干物质量;显著降低越冬期幼苗POD,SOD的活性以及幼苗脯氨酸含量,提高越冬期幼苗丙二醛的含量。结果还表明,无论覆盖或不覆盖,全膜覆土穴播提高了0～60 cm土壤蓄水量,增加了单株叶面积、分蘖数和干物质量;采用全膜覆土穴播的POD,SOD活性降低、脯氨酸含量减少、丙二醛含量提高,且差异与其他处理达到显著水平。可见,旱地小麦休闲期深翻覆盖配套全膜覆土穴播的栽培措施有利于提高土壤蓄水量,促进旱地小麦生长。     

大别山区冷浸田水稻旱秧垄作栽培早熟增产的生理学基础

研究结果表明，将水稻旱育秧技术和垄作栽培技术相结合（以下简称旱秧垄作），可显著改善山区冷浸田水稻群体质量，增强群体光合性能，促时水稻生长发育和光合产物的生产、积累与分配，早熟高产，比普通栽培方法增产４７．５％。     

不同种植方式对鲜食蚕豆产量及生长的影响

为了研究不同种植方式对鲜食蚕豆产量及生长的影响,笔者通过小区试验研究了垄作、平作、垄作覆盖地膜、垄作覆盖地膜和稻草、平作覆盖地膜、平作覆盖地膜和稻草对蚕豆产量及生长的影响。结果表明：垄作、垄作覆盖地膜、垄作覆盖地膜和稻草提高了土壤温湿度;垄作、垄作覆盖地膜、垄作覆盖地膜和稻草增加了鲜食蚕豆干物质积累;垄作、垄作覆盖地膜、垄作覆盖地膜和稻草都能提高鲜食蚕豆产量。垄作、垄作覆盖地膜能提高鲜食蚕豆产量,研究结果可为鲜食蚕豆高产栽培提供依据。     

水田自然免耕土壤肥力特征的研究

本文研究了一种新的耕作法——水田自然免耕技术的土壤肥力状况及其肥力因子之间的相互关系。结果表明：自然免耕创造了垄沟相间的微地形,耕作层增厚,土体表面扩大,形成了良好的土体层次,有利于土壤中的水、热、气、肥的运动。因此,与传统耕作法相比,自然免耕的水稳性团聚体和微团聚体增加,土壤积温增高,温差变大,水分和养分的有效性提高,Eh和腐殖质含量增高,微生物和酶活性增强。所以,水田自然免耕,能使土壤稳、匀、足、适地供给作物生长发育所需的水、热、气、肥（养分）。