胚胎干细胞的研究进展

胚胎干细胞来源于附植前胚胎的内细胞团或附植后胎儿的原始生殖细胞具有发育全能性的细胞。本文从它的研究概况、生物学特性、胚胎干细胞的分离培养与建系等方面做一概述。     

跨文化交际与“红楼梦”的“情”文化

当今社会，跨文化交际活动日趋频繁。一直以来跨文化交际研究主要集中于不同国家民族的主流文化之间，对于同一文化中的不同群体间的跨文化交际研究相对较少。而中国古典名著“红楼梦”对众多人物间纷繁复杂的关系的描写正体现了这种跨文化交际。在研究分析这些交际的同时，笔者发现这些跨文化交际与书中的“情”文化有着密不可分的联系。可以说，“情”文化奠定了跨文化交际成功的基础。本文尝试对“红楼梦”一书中这种群体间跨文化交际进行初步的探讨，并在此基础上剖析“情”文化对于跨文化交际的重要性，从文学作品中提炼出对社会语言学有价值的东西。     

Detection of Helicobacter-like Bacteria in Porcine Gastric Biopsy Samples by Amplification of 16S rRNA,ureB, vacA and cagA Genes by PCR

Preliminary evidence for the presence of Helicobacter-like bacteria was sought in 395 porcine gastric samples by a urease test. Of the samples, 37% (146/395) were urease-positive and 82% (82/100) of the Gram-stained urease-positive samples showed large, tightly spiralled organisms. Several methods were applied to culture the organisms but isolation was unsuccessful, contaminant organisms being considered to be one of the major problems. PCR with Helicobacter genus-specific primers for 16S rRNA and ureB genes, and primers for H. pylori vacA and cagA genes were tested with 102 urease-positive biopsy samples. The PCR results showed some evidence for the presence of the urease and the vacA genes in porcine Helicobacter-like bacteria and raises the possibility of pathogenicity by these organisms.     

小白菜小孢子培养胚状体的诱导

21个小白菜品种小孢子培养结果表明:适宜的花蕾长为2.5~3.5mm,花瓣与花药长度比为1/2~3/4;0.05~0.10 mg.L-1的细胞分裂素能促进小孢子胚的发生,高于此浓度的细胞分裂素对小孢子胚的产生有抑制作用,并使小孢子胚向畸形化发展;0.05mg.L-16-BA 0.10 mg.L-1NAA的配比可以明显提高成熟胚的比例。     

Root zone temperature alters storage root formation and growth of sweetpotato

Large mounds amended with plant residues are a common cultivation method for sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) in the western parts of the Papua New Guinea highlands, with a suggested benefit of elevated root zone temperature (RZT) from decomposition. This study aimed to evaluate whether RZT affects the formation and growth of sweetpotato storage roots. Experiments evaluated the effects of a constant elevated RZT on the Beauregard cultivar and of a short‐term increase in RZT on the Beauregard and Northern Star cultivars. Plants were grown in 18‐L pots divided into a control compartment (constant RZT at 20°C) and a treated compartment (RZT at 30, 40 or 50°C). Constant elevated RZT was maintained until harvest, while short‐term increase in RZT occurred in weeks 2 and 3 only. Constant elevated RZT did not affect the total number of storage roots, but RZT of 30°C and above reduced the dry‐biomass of storage roots. The short‐term increase in RZT did not alter the total number or dry‐biomass of storage roots in Beauregard, while both of these attributes were reduced at RZT of 40°C or above in Northern Star. Elevated RZT inhibited dry‐biomass accumulation of storage root, with a more pronounced impact at constant elevated RZT. These results demonstrate that any benefits of the mound culture on sweetpotato yield production do not arise through the influence of temperature elevation.     

Factors involved in Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene transfer into Pinus nigra Arn. ssp. salzmannii (Dunal) Franco

Cotyledons from dissected sterile embryos of salgareño pine (Pinus nigra Arn. ssp. salzmannii (Dunal) Franco) were inoculated with different disarmed Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains harbouring the binary vector p35SGUSint. The transient expression of a β-glucuronidase gene (uidA) was studied, using a histochemical staining procedure. Nineteen days after inoculation, the activity of β-glucuronidase was detected in epidermal and subepidermal layers of cotyledonary explants. The EHA105 strain harbouring a disarmed agropine-type Ti-plasmid (pTiBO542) was the most effective for gene transfer of the uidA gene. The effects of exudates and extracts from 0-day-old embryos on induction of vir gene expression in A. tumefaciens were also examined. The results of this study showed that salgarño pine embryo exudates contain a substance(s) that induce vir gene expression, in similar way to that observed with 100 μM acetosyringone (AS).All these findings suggest that T-DNA processing and transfer might take place when Agrobacterium infects suitable tissues of salgareño pine.     

雌激素和孕酮对犬子宫内膜基质细胞增殖和孕酮受体表达的影响

本试验应用不同消化分离途径获取犬子宫内膜基质细胞,调节培养液中雌激素(E₂)和孕酮(P₄)的浓度,采用MTT法测定E₂和P₄浓度水平对犬子宫内膜基质细胞体外增殖的影响,利用细胞免疫组织化学法鉴定细胞并测定细胞孕酮受体(PR)表达与激素浓度水平的相关性。结果表明,E₂浓度变化(15、30、100 pg/mL)对犬子宫内膜基质细胞的增殖和PR的表达均没有显著的调节作用(P>0.05);P₄(15、30 ng/mL)对犬子宫内膜基质细胞的增殖有显著促进作用(P<0.05),P₄(3、15、30 ng/mL)对犬子宫内膜基质细胞PR的表达具有显著的抑制作用(P<0.05),其影响程度与浓度和作用时间关系密切。     

松南结缕草成熟胚愈伤组织的诱导和再生

松南结缕草成熟种子经灭菌和打破休眠后,接种于含有不同浓度2,4-D的MS和N6培养基上进行愈伤组织诱导。结果表明,结缕草种子的休眠主要在于破除种壳。2,4-D浓度在2~5 mg/L对愈伤组织诱导率无明显影响。基本培养基MS和N6诱导效果相近,初生愈伤组织为白色、半透明,质地松软、水浸状。继代培养基中添加一定浓度的甘露醇、麦芽糖和ABA以及延长继代时间有助于愈伤组织的胚性化。基本培养基MS更适于结缕草初生愈伤组织致密胚性化。胚性愈伤组织在MS添加0.1 mg/L 2,4-D培养基上即可分化出大量具有根和茎叶的再生植株。     

草地早熟禾新格莱德胚性愈伤组织原生质体培养及植株再生的研究

以草地早熟禾品种——新格莱德成熟种子为供试材料,在含3.0mg/L2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)、0.5mg/L6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)的MB₅培养基中进行胚性愈伤组织诱导的培养。并从生长了7～9个月的胚性愈伤组织中分离出原生质体,将该原生质体置于KM₈P培养基(含3.0mg/L2,4-D、0.5mg/L6-BA、100mg/L水解酪蛋白、100mg/L水解乳蛋白、1%蔗糖、0.4mol/L甘露醇)中进行了液体浅层培养。结果表明,新格莱德原生质体在上述KM₈P培养基中培养3d后出现第1次细胞分裂,2～3周后形成小细胞团,此时添加低渗培养液2～3次,小细胞团持续分裂并形成愈伤组织。当愈伤组织块长至3～5mm时,转入固体培养基MS+3.0mg/L2,4-D+0.5mg/L6-BA和MS+0.5mg/L萘乙酸(NAA)+5.0mg/L6-BA上进行培养,使其细胞增殖和分化,且逐步形成完整的植株。     

培养基质,赤霉素和硼对蕨菜孢子萌发成苗影响的研究

为了提高蕨菜孢子人工培养成苗效率,对４ 种培养基质和赤霉素（ＧＡ３）、硼３ 种使用水平的孢子萌发成苗效果进行了研究。结果表明,森林土、琼脂和蛭石间原叶体数无差异,但成苗率间差异显著;森林土成苗率最高,达到４２．８６％ ;砂基上孢子虽能萌发产生片状体,但不能发育到性器官形成期;赤霉素对孢子萌发生长具有显著的促进作用,在含有０．１５×１０－ ７ ｇ／Ｌ赤霉素培养基上成苗率较高;硼可提高配子体受精成苗,并以０．０５％ 硼酸处理效果最好;赤霉素与硼有显著的互作效应,含有０．１５×１０－ ７ ｇ／Ｌ赤霉素培养基上生长的原叶体,在性器官形成期喷施０．０５％ 硼酸,成苗率高达５１．６０％ 。