西北地区8种耐旱植物营养成分在秦川肉牛瘤胃的降解情况

本试验采集了西北地区8种耐旱植物(柠条、油蒿、桑叶、苦马豆、千屈菜、香豆子、元宝枫叶、无芒雀麦),选用4头体重相近的秦川牛肉用新品系瘤胃瘘管公牛进行试验,探究8种植物干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的瘤胃降解特性。结果：常规营养成分：CP含量从小到大依次为无芒雀麦、千屈菜、油蒿、元宝枫叶、柠条、香豆子、桑叶、苦马豆(P<0.05);元宝枫叶与油蒿NDF、 ADF含量相近(P>0.05),其他植物均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。瘤胃降解特性：桑叶与苦马豆的DM降解效果显著高于其他6种植物(P<0.05),无芒雀麦48 h的 DM降解率仅29.56%,显著低于其他植物(P<0.05),油蒿、千屈菜、元宝枫叶48 h时DM降解情况差异不显著(P>0.05);CP的ED值从小到大依次为无芒雀麦、元宝枫叶、千屈菜、油蒿、柠条、香豆子、桑叶、苦马豆(P<0.05);NDF的ED值从小到大依次为无芒雀麦、元宝枫叶、油蒿、千屈菜、柠条、香豆子、苦马豆、桑叶(P<0.05),ADF的ED值从小到大依次为无芒雀麦、元宝枫叶、油蒿、千屈菜、苦马豆、香豆子、柠条、桑叶,其中柠条、苦马豆、香豆子和油蒿、元宝枫叶差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

草地早熟禾根际固氮菌的生物效能

利用乙炔还原法、比色法等对草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)根际分离得到的21个固氮菌株进行固氮酶活性、溶磷能力和分泌植物生长素性能的研究测定,在固氮酶活性测定中,21个菌株还原C2H2产生的C2H4在39.9～227.5 nmol·mL-1·h-1,大于100 nmol·mL-1·h-1的有14株,占所分离固氮菌株的67%;菌株的溶磷强度在13.38～58.21 μg·mL-1,其中菌株N4 、N16及N20溶磷能力较强;菌株N2、N4、N5、N10、N14、N16、N17及N20具有较强的分泌植物生长激素的能力。     

樟科、丝兰属植物提取物对仔猪排泄物中氨和硫化氢散发的影响

研究旨在观察比较樟科植物提取物(CFPE)和丝兰植物提取物(YE)对仔猪生长性能、粪尿中氨和硫化氢散发的影响及其机理探讨。选用216头35日龄的杜长大仔猪,按照体重相近、公、母各半的原则分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复24头仔猪。CFPE试验组和YE试验组分别饲喂含350 mg/kg CFPE和125 mg/kg YE的基础日粮,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验期为35 d。结果表明:CFPE和YE均显著影响仔猪平均日增重(ADG)和饲料增重比(F/G()P<0.05),CFPE组ADG高于YE组,F/G低于YE组,但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。CFPE和YE对脲酶活性影响极显著(P<0.01),CFPE组脲酶活性低于YE组,但差异不显著(P>0.05);在粪尿排出后6 h时间点,CFPE和YE对尿素氮浓度有显著影响(P<0.05),从12 h时间点开始,影响达到极显著(P<0.01)。CFPE使氨态氮最高浓度出现时间点推迟,7 d时间点,CFPE、YE组的氨态氮浓度均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),CFPE组高于YE组,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。除12 h和48 h时间点外,CFPE组、YE组的可溶性硫化物的浓度显著低于对照组(P<0.05),仔猪粪便发酵第4天和第8天产生的硫化氢平均值均极显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。结果提示,饲料中添加CFPE和YE可通过减缓尿素氮分解和可溶性硫化物的产生,从而减少氨和硫化氢的散发;CFPE效果优于YE。     

Yield and morphological responses of a forage sorghum to mefluidide

Abstract

Due to rapid growth, stem build‐up in forage sorghum crops often leads to considerable wastage by animals and consequent loss of production. In this study the potential of the chemical plant growth regulator, mefluidide, for modifying the morphology of forage sorghum was examined. Mefluidide was applied to two consecutive plantings of forage sorghum at 0; 0,14 and 0,28 kg/ha. Treatment with mefluidide suppressed stem elongation of sorghum plants and stimulated tillering 4–6 weeks after application. After 6 weeks the stem:leaf ratio of treated plants was significantly lower (P ≤0,05) than that of control plants. On average, total dry matter (DM) yield was marginally higher for the control, but DM yield of leaf material was significantly higher. (P ≤0,05) for treated plots from 6 weeks after mefluidide application. No significant differences were observed between levels of mefluidide but responses of different variables over time differed between plantings. This was associated with different stages of plant growth when mefluidide was applied and different environmental conditions for two plantings.     

烯效唑(S3307)对湖南稷子整株水平Na+、K+选择性和游离脯氨酸分配的影响

采用盆栽试验,观察测定了烯效唑(S3307)对湖南稷子抗盐性及整株水平Na 、K 选择性和游离脯氨酸分配的影响。结果表明,喷施S3307能显著提高湖南稷子根系的Na 、K 选择性吸收能力;由叶鞘向叶片、特别是由根系向叶鞘的选择性运输能力大大提高,因而进入植物体内的Na 减少、K 增多,尤以重要光合器官表现突出。但S3307处理后,湖南稷子重要光合器官中游离脯氨酸含量并未升高。     

增补UV-B辐射对高山植物美丽风毛菊光合作用和光合色素的影响

强太阳紫外线-B(UV-B)辐射是青藏高原的主要环境胁迫因子,以高山植物美丽风毛菊(Saussurea superba)为材料,在2008和2009年植物生长盛期的7,8月份,采用选择性过滤膜和UV-B荧光灯管组合的方法研究了净光合速率(P_n)、稳态PSⅡ光化学效率、光合色素和紫外线吸收物质对强UV-B辐射的响应,探讨了典型高山植物的UV-B适应特性。结果表明:增补UV-B辐射能引起P_n和气孔导度(G_s)的增加;随处理时间的延长,第11和16天PSⅡ实际量子效率(Φ_PSⅡ)呈下降趋势,说明UV-B辐射对高山植物叶片光合机构仍具有负作用,PSⅡ光化学效率的降低反映了UV-B辐射效应的积累。增补初期光合色素有增加的趋势,但随处理时间的延长最终呈降低趋势,表明UV-B辐射对光合色素的光破坏是本质的,而基于叶片厚度增加导致的光合色素含量升高是一种表象。增补UV-B处理没有引起紫外线吸收物质含量的变化,表明高山植物叶表皮层丰富的黄酮类物质能有效保护光合机构,受环境UV-B辐射波动的影响较少。综上表明:增补UV-B后叶片G_s的增加以及单位叶片面积光合色素增加有利于P_n的提高,但青藏高原强太阳UV-B辐射对高山植物美丽风毛菊的光合生理过程仍具有潜在的负效应。     

四川省毒害植物——紫茎泽兰调查报告

紫茎泽兰是恶性毒害植物,已传入攀枝花市和凉山州两地１４县３区１市,分布面积３７５１６０ｈｍ２,每年以２０～３０ｋｍ的速度向北向东传播。其繁殖能力和侵占性极强,是农、林、牧业生产的大敌,应采取切实可行的方法,发动群众,人人动手,把防除与开发利用结合起来,开展综合防治。     

Work-related increases in titer of Campylobacter jejuni antibody among workers at a chicken processing plant in Miyazaki prefecture,Japan, independent of individual ingestion of edible raw chicken meat

Workers in poultry abattoirs may be frequently exposed to Campylobacter jejuni, which is a leading cause of bacterial food poisoning in Japan. The present study was conducted to measure the titers of IgG and IgA antibodies against C. jejuni among 104 female workers in a chicken processing plant in Miyazaki prefecture, Japan. Information regarding habitual ingestion of raw chicken meat and potential occupational risk factors was collected using a questionnaire. Acid extracts of four C. jejuni strains representing the genotypes most dominant in Miyazaki were used as antigens. The levels of both immunoglobulins measured by ELISA were not correlated with ingestion of edible raw chicken meat, the amount consumed in one sitting, or its frequency. Although age was correlated with antibody levels, the length of employment was not. Furthermore, the IgG and IgA levels in workers at the evisceration step were significantly higher than those at other locations in the plant. To identify the bacterial proteins recognized by the workers’ IgG and IgA antibodies, Western blotting followed by LC/MS was conducted. Flagellin was identified as the common protein recognized in the sera of workers for whom ELISA demonstrated both the highest and lowest antibody levels. We concluded that the titers of IgG and IgA against C. jejuni in workers at the processing plant had been increased by occupational exposure to Campylobacter, regardless of raw chicken meat ingestion.     

光棘豆单细胞培养再生植株

由光棘豆种子无菌苗的胚轴和子叶诱导的愈伤组织建立起细胞悬浮系。由悬浮系分离出单细胞。单细胞在含有1～2mg/L 2,4—D的2/3MS培养基中采用振荡和静止两种方法培养。结果表明。振荡培养愈伤组织再生频率较高,所需时间较短。单细胞再生的愈伤组织转入分化培养基后分化出芽。幼苗转入含有IBA和IAA的1/2MS培养基中生根,成为完整的再生植株。在分化培养基中,只有瘤状愈伤组织能够分化出芽。并且较高浓度的细胞分裂素(6—BA或KT)或6—BA与ZT结合使用对愈伤组织的分化是有利的。     

三江源区不同建植年限人工草地根系动态特征

根系动态特征能够反映人工草地植物利用土壤资源的效率和群落恢复演替的程度.本研究以三江源区不同建植年限(5、6、9和13年)人工草地植物根系为研究对象,利用"微根管"技术,连续两个生长季(2015年5-9月和2016年5-9月)探究了4个建植年限人工草地根系动态特征.结果表明:地上生物量和丰富度在建植5～9年呈下降趋势,...