兴安杜鹃菌根形态特征和土壤理化性质的关系研究

本文对兴安杜鹃菌根形态、侵染情况进行了初步研究.观察到的兴安杜鹃菌根形态特征比较复杂,既有典型的杜鹃花类菌根(ERM)特征,即菌丝节、菌丝团和菌套,也有细胞内贯穿菌丝、根上菌丝网、根表面的游走菌丝和降解的菌丝,在少数根样中还有典型的丛枝菌根(AM)特征,即泡囊的存在.兴安杜鹃菌根侵染率8月较高,6月和9月较低.用SPS...     

PP_(333)对高山杜鹃叶片生理特性的影响

以高山杜鹃"粉金蝶"(Rhododendron hybrides"Cosmopolitan")为试验材料,研究了不同浓度多效唑(PP333)处理对开花过程中叶片生理特性的影响。结果表明:各处理对提高叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性,降低丙二醛(MDA)含量和延缓蛋白质的降解均有明显效果。与对照相比,SOD,POD活性最大值分别提高43.00和0.33 U/g;蛋白质的降解减少20.90%,对照MDA含量是900 mg/L,PP333处理的1.34倍。综合各项指标,以900 mg/L PP333处理效果最明显。     

花卉提取物对3种细菌的抑菌性测定

利用丙酮超声波提取和减压浓缩技术,获得17种花卉茎、叶的提取物,分析各提取物对3种细菌的抑菌结果。天竺葵(Pelargonium graveolens)对腐生葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus saprophyticus)和藤黄葡萄球菌(Micro-coccus luteus)具有抑制作用;杜鹃(Rhododendronsimsii R.spp.)对腐生葡萄球菌和炭疽杆菌(Bacillus anthracis)具有抑制作用。天竺葵提取物4种供试质量浓度对腐生葡萄球菌的抑菌率均达96%以上,杜鹃提取物对炭疽杆菌的抑菌率在77%~84%之间。但天竺葵、杜鹃提取物分别对炭疽杆菌和藤黄葡萄球菌无抑制效果。2种花卉提取物抑菌率卡方检验结果表明,不同质量浓度的天竺葵提取物对藤黄葡萄球菌抑菌率差异显著;杜鹃提取物不同质量浓度间对腐生葡萄球菌的抑菌率差异显著。     

大字杜鹃种质资源遗传多样性与亲缘关系的RAPD分析

采用RAPD分子标记技术对6份大字杜鹃种质进行遗传多样性与亲缘关系分析。结果表明,160个RAPD引物筛选出7个多态性引物,进行PCR扩增,共获得176条稳定条带,其中多态性条带为153条(占86.93%),大字杜鹃不同群体间存在较丰富的遗传多样性。应用NeiLi相似系数法对6份材料间的遗传相似系数(GS)进行估算,平均GS值为0.45,其GS值在0.2816～0.7020之间,即遗传差异较大。聚类分析结果表明,以0.56为GS截值,6份大字杜鹃种质可分为两类;以0.64为GS截值,6份供试大字杜鹃种质可分为三类;初步鉴定了6份大字杜鹃种质间的亲缘关系。     

毛棉杜鹃芽形态分化期间封顶叶内源激素含量变化的研究

本研究观察了毛棉杜鹃(Rhododendron moulmainense Hook.f.)花芽与叶芽的分化进程,测定了花芽和叶芽形态分化过程中封顶叶内源赤霉素(GA3)、生长素(IAA)、脱落酸(ABA)和玉米素核苷(ZR)的含量变化,探讨了毛棉杜鹃花芽分化与内源植物激素的关系.结果表明:毛棉杜鹃花芽分化与叶芽分化形态特征与所持续的时间明显不同,花芽分化时期从7月中下旬至9月中旬,历时约40～45 d,而叶芽分化持续35～40 d;在花芽和叶芽形态分化期,花芽封顶叶的ABA和ZR含量明显比叶芽封顶叶的高,而且其含量呈显著上升趋势,而GA3和IAA则相反,花芽封顶叶中ABA/GA3、ABA/IAA、ZR/GA3和ZR/IAA的比值都明显高于叶芽,并呈显著上升趋势,表明封顶叶内源激素及其各自之间的平衡关系对毛棉杜鹃的花芽形态分化起着重要的调控作用.     

Are rhododendron hybrids distinguishable on the basis of morphology and microsatellite polymorphism?

Sequence Tagged Microsatellite Sites (STMSs) and morphological trait markers were used to evaluate 33 rhododendron germplasm for genetic diversity assessment and discrimination power. The average genetic diversity estimates were 0.724 (morphological traits) and 0.174 (STMSs) marker datasets. The Shannon index was higher for morphological traits (1.797) than STMS (0.302). The correlation coefficients obtained by the Mantel matrix correspondence test, which was used to compare the cophenetic matrices for the two markers, showed that estimated values of relationships given for morphological and STMS were not significantly related (p > 0.05). The dataset from STMS, supported by the total probability of identity (1.13 × 10⁻⁹) and total paternity exclusion probability (0.9999), allowed all accessions to be uniquely identified. In summary, STMS marker proved to be an efficient tool in assessing the genetic variability among old broad leaf rhododendron genotypes. The pattern of variation appeared to be consistent, and it can be used for germplasm conservation and management for restoration of historical genetic resources.     

水分胁迫对2种基因型杜鹃生理生化特性的影响

以盆栽西洋杜鹃(Rhododendron hybridum)和毛鹃(Rhododendron pulchrum)为材料,研究了在连续干旱、水湿胁迫下两种杜鹃所发生的生长和生理生化响应。试验表明：随着干旱胁迫程度的加深,西洋杜鹃和毛鹃叶片的相对含水量及叶绿素含量显著下降,叶片出现不同程度的干枯和死亡现象;MDA含量和叶片电导率显著上升;可溶性糖含量上升,而可溶性蛋白质含量下降;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及过氧化物酶(POD)活性先上升后下降,其中SOD活性在中度干旱胁迫下达到最大值,CAT和POD则在轻度胁迫时含量最高;随着干旱胁迫程度的加深,各项生理指标对比表明西洋杜鹃比毛鹃耐旱。在水湿胁迫下,西洋杜鹃和毛鹃植株受害较轻,未出现死亡现象,叶片各项生理指标变化相对平缓,且与对照相比差异不明显;随着水湿胁迫程度的加强,西洋杜鹃的叶绿素含量与抗氧化酶活性等比毛鹃下降更明显,表明毛鹃更耐水湿胁迫。本研究表明,在一定时间内杜鹃属植物能更好地适应水湿环境。     

Gibberellin-mediated suppression of floral initiation in the long-day plant Rhododendron cv. Hatsugiri

In a number of woody perennial species a decrease in gibberellins concentrations in the apical meristems is required for floral initiation to occur. In Rhododendron, applied gibberellins inhibit flowering and gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitors promote flowering. However, unlike previous reports on other Rhododendron cultivars, Rhododendron cv. Hatsugiri is a faculatitive LDP. It was therefore unknown how gibberellins regulate flowering in this cultivar and if non-inductive short daylengths stimulate the productions of endogenous gibberellins to suppress flowering. By inhibiting floral initiation while not stimulating vegetative growth we found applications of GA₅ to best match the natural response of Rhododendron cv. Hatsugiri under short-day regimes. GA₅-mediated effects on flowering have previously been reported to be due to conversion to GA₆, however, GA₅ was found to be present in tissue samples at up to 0.57 ng g⁻¹ FW, while GA₆ was never found. In addition, foliar applications of [¹⁴C] GA₅ were not found to have metabolised to GA₆. In line with the hypothesis that gibberellins inhibit floral initiation in short days in Rhododendron cv. Hatsugiri, the concentration of GA₂₀, a precursor to many bioactive gibberellins, was higher in leaf tissues from plants in short days, compared to those in permissive long days when analysed using GC–MS.     

基于BIB-LCJ法与SD法的杜鹃专类园春季植物景观美学评价

杜鹃(Rhododendron L.)专类园是春季景观最具特色的专类园之一,运用BIB-LCJ法(Balanced Incomplete Block design-Law of Comparative Judgment,平衡不完全区组设计-比较评判法)对湖南省森林植物园国家杜鹃园25个景观样本进行了美学评价,根据200名评价者的评价结果,得出最优及最差景观样本;同时,40名相关领域人员采用SD法(Semantic Differential,语义学解析法)对以上样本也进行了评价。综合2种评价结果,认为最优景观样本为14、1、6、20号,最差样本为9、10、25、22号。对SD法评价结果进行SD分析和因子分析,得到影响杜鹃专类园春季植物景观的因子有环境、空间、形式、美感4个方面。     

华西亚高山植物园多鳞杜鹃的开花物候与生殖特征

通过运用开花物候指标,于2014年和2015年分别对分布于华西亚高山植物园内的多鳞杜鹃进行开花物候观察、统计和分析。结果表明:多鳞杜鹃花期为4月上旬至5月初,种群、个体、花序和单花水平上花期持续时间分别为24~25、22、13~15、7~9 d。单花开花进程依其开花形态和散粉特征可分为散粉前期、散粉初期、散粉盛期和散粉末期。多鳞杜鹃具有较高的花期同步指数0.815,开花进程呈单峰曲线,表现出一种"大量、集中"的开花式样;个体相对开花强度分布频率集中在10%~50%。开花物候指数与座果数之间的相关性分析表明,始花时间与花期持续时间呈显著负相关,花期持续时间及开花数与座果数均呈显著正相关。多鳞杜鹃开花物候在种群内年度间的相似性说明,植物个体开花物候进程很大程度上是由其遗传因子决定的,而开花物候在年度间的变异,可能是由于气候环境的差异(主要是温度和降水量)引起的。"集中开花模式"、较高的同步指数和较长花期持续时间是多鳞杜鹃适应高山环境的生殖特性。