高含油量油菜品系T057-7选育方法研究

中国油菜生产上推广的油菜品种含油量普遍较低,提高含油量是目前油菜科研的主要目标之一.河南省农业科学院经济作物研究所利用聚合育种和小孢子培养相结合的育种方法,并采用近红外光谱分析技术对育种材料进行品质检测,选育出了高含油量油菜新品系T057-7.2003年、2004年经农业部油料及制品质量监督检验测试中心检测,T057-7含油量分别为50.15%和52.38%.与油菜细胞质雄性不育系22A和77A测交结果表明,T057-7是细胞质雄性不育系的恢复系.经田间鉴定,T057-7具有农艺性状优良、抗(耐)菌核病、高抗病毒病等优点,可以作为选育高含油量油菜新品种和杂交种的育种材料利用.     

高含油量油菜新品种双油8号的选育及高产栽培技术

双油8号是河南省农业科学院经济作物研究所采用复合杂交选育的甘蓝型优质油菜新品种,2007年通过河南省农作物品种审定委员会审定.在河南省油菜区域试验中平均产量2541.0 kg/hm2,比对照豫油2号增产20.67%.在河南省油菜生产试验中双油8号平均产量2704.8 kg/hm2,比对照杂交种豫油2号增产7.06%.双油8号种子芥酸含量0.05%,商品籽硫甙含量20.96μmol/g饼,达到国家双低油菜标准,含油量46.35%,属高含油量品种.适期播种、培育壮苗、合理密植、及时进行肥水管理和病虫草害防治等技术,是双油8号夺取高产的关键栽培措施.双油8号具有高含油量、品质优良、抗病、抗倒伏、丰产性突出、稳产性好、适应性广等优点,是一个极具推广应用前景的优良品种.     

橡胶树叶片染色体制片方法的优化

采用压片法、酶解去壁低渗法和悬液法等方法,对橡胶树热研7-33-97古铜期嫩叶染色体制片及其过程中预处理药剂、预处理时间、前低渗温度、酶解时间等因子进行了探讨.结果表明:悬液法更适合橡胶树叶片染色体制片.最佳预处理药剂为0.1%的秋水仙素和0.002mol/L 8-羟基喹啉混合液,预处理时间为2 h.酶解温度37℃,时间为5～7 h.     

Studies on the macromolecular components of nonwood available in Bangladesh

The structural feature of macromolecular component of dhaincha, cotton stalks, jute fiber, rice straw and wheat straw, which are commonly used in paper pulp production in forest deficient countries, was thoroughly studied. Lignin was isolated by classical Bjorkman method and characterized by elemental and methoxyl analysis, alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation, FTIR and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The C₉ formulas for cotton stalks, jute fiber, dhaincha, rice straw and wheat straw were C₉H_8.95O_3.53(OCH₃)_1.00, C₉H_8.12O_4.03(OCH₃)_1.65, C₉H_8.10O_4.65(OCH₃)_1.32, C₉H_8.58O_3.74(OCH₃)_1.23 and C₉H_8.31O_3.54(OCH₃)_1.23, respectively. The alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation products showed that syringyl to vanilin ratio of these nonwood varied from 1.1 to 2.9. Jute fiber showed the highest syringyl to vanilin ratio that are consistent with C₉ formula. The β-O-4 units in these nonwood lignins had predominately erythro stereochemistry type. The crystalline structure of these nonwood cellulose was also studied using X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopy. The proportions of crystallinity, crystal size were varied from plant to plant. Jute fiber showed the highest proportion of crystallinity (73.4%) and crystal size (4.2 nm). The degree of polymerization of these nonwoods cellulose has also been studied. Degree of polymerization of jute cellulose was also the highest (3875). FTIR spectroscopy showed that these nonwoods cellulose was monoclinic unit cell structure (I_β). Carbohydrate analysis showed that the main sugar component in the hydrolyzates of these nonwoods were xylose apart from glucose.     

Antibacterial Activity of 2-(2′,4′-Dibromophenoxy)-4,6-dibromophenol from Dysidea granulosa

2-(2′,4′-Dibromophenoxy)-4,6-dibromophenol isolated from the marine sponge Dysidea granulosa (Bergquist) collected off the coast of Lakshadweep islands, Indian Ocean, exhibited potent and broad spectrum in-vitro antibacterial activity, especially against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), vancomycin resistant Enterococci (VRE), vancomycin sensitive Enterococci (VSE) and Bacillus spp. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was evaluated against 57 clinical and standard strains of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. The observed MIC range was 0.117–2.5 μg/mL against all the Gram positive bacteria and 0.5–2 μg/mL against Gram negative bacteria. The in-vitro antibacterial activity observed was better than that of the standard antibiotic linezolid, a marketed anti-MRSA drug. The results establish 2-(2′,4′-dibromophenoxy)-4,6-dibromophenol, as a potential lead molecule for anti-MRSA and anti-VRE drug development.     

利用RT-PCR对黄瓜病毒病毒原种类进行检测

根据黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)的复制酶序列和西瓜花叶病毒2号(WMV-2)、烟草花叶病毒(TMV)、黄瓜绿斑花叶病毒(CGMMV)的外壳蛋白基因序列以及南瓜花叶病毒(SQMV)的运动蛋白序列设计、合成引物,以感病组织和健康组织总RNA为模板,进行cDNA合成和PCR扩增。对2002～2003年采集的98份黄瓜病毒病样本进行了检测,结果表明,天津地区黄瓜主要毒原种类有CMV,WMV-2和TMV,感染率分别为样本数的96．94％,77．55％和38．67％,CMV和WMV-2 2种病毒的复合感染率为76．53％,3种病毒的复合感染率达到14．67％。     

氮素形态对燕麦生长和根际pH值的影响

试验采用溶液培养的方法,研究了NO3^-—N和NH4^ —N2种不同形态氮素对燕麦营养生长、氮代谢及根际pH值的影响。结果表明：在NO3^-—N和NH4^ —N两种形态氮素同时存在的营养介质中,燕麦生长明显优于单一供应NH4^ —N或NO3^-—N处理,且植株生长量特别是根系生长量随着NO3^-—N在氮源中比例的提高而增加;燕麦吸收NO3^-—N和NH4^ —N会对根际pH值产生不同影响,吸收NO3^-—N时,根际pH值逐渐升高,而吸收NH4^—N却使根际pH值有所降低。     

米糠多糖对不同免疫状态雏鸡外周血CD4^＋和CD8^＋ T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

为探讨米糠多糖对不同免疫状态雏鸡免疫功能的调节作用机理,采用流式细胞技术检测了健康雏鸡、环磷酰胺处理雏鸡和人工感染传染性法氏囊病毒雏鸡在服用米糠多糖（剂量150 mg/（kg.d））和不服用米糠多糖情况下,外周血CD4^＋和CD8^＋T淋巴细胞亚群数量的动态变化。结果表明：米糠多糖能够提高健康雏鸡外周血CD4^＋T淋巴细胞比率,对CD8^＋T淋巴细胞作用不明显;能够提高环磷酰胺和传染性法氏囊病毒诱导免疫抑制雏鸡外周血中CD4^＋和CD8^＋T淋巴细胞数量。     

Application of Current Hapten in the Production of Broad Specificity Antibodies Against Organophosphorus Pesticides

Diethylphosphono acetic acid （DPA） was used as a current hapten to generate broad specificity polycolonal antibodies against a group of organophosphorus pesticides. Six New Zealand white rabbits were immunized with immunogens synthesized by the active ester method （AEM） or 1-ethyl-3-（3-dimethylaminopropyl）-carbodimide method （EDC）. The titers of antisera reached 25 600 by AEM and 6 400 by EDC, respectively. Polyclonal antibodies raised against DPA were screened and selected for the competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （CI-ELISA）. A CI-ELISA for DPA was developed with a detection limit of 3.536 ng mL^-1and an I50 value of 0.182 μg mL^-1. The assay specificity was evaluated by obtaining competitive curves for several structurally related compounds as competitors. The antiserum showed high affinities to chlorpyrifos, diazinon, omethoate, parathion-ethyl and profenofos with I50 of 0.12, 0.15, 0.21, 0.88, 0.97 and 2.5 μg mL^-1, respectively. The results indicate that the assay could be a screening tool for quantitation and semiquantitation determination of the above former five organophosphorus pesticides.     

美洲大蠊对低免疫力小鼠免疫功能的影响

用环磷酰胺造低免疫力小鼠模型,再分别用低、中、高剂量的美洲大蠊粉给小鼠灌胃,研究虫粉对小鼠吞噬细胞的吞噬指数、血清溶血素含量、外周血CD4/CD8和免疫器官指数的影响,结果表明,高剂量虫粉组的血清溶血素含量和外周血CD4/CD8与模型对照组相比均有显著提高(P<0.05),中、高剂量虫粉组吞噬细胞的吞噬指数比模型对照组显著提高(P<0.05),说明美洲大蠊虫粉能提高低免疫力小鼠的免疫功能.