Response of Osmotic Regulation Substance Content and Protective Enzyme Activities to Shading in Leaves of Different Rice Genotypes

Effects of shading at the flowering and grain filling stages on osmotic regulation substance content and protective enzyme activities in the leaves of different rice genotypes (e.g.,IIyou 498,Gangyou 188,Dexiang 4103,Gangyou 527 and Chuanxiang 9838) were investigated.The results showed that the malondialdehyde content of Gangyou 188 significantly increased under shading,whereas those of IIyou 498,Dexiang 4103,Gangyou 527 and Chuanxiang 9838 showed no significant differences compared to the control.The soluble sugar content significantly decreased in IIyou 498,Gangyou 188,Dexiang 4103 and Chuanxiang 9838,whereas it did not significantly increase in Gangyou 527 under the weak light conditions (shading).Moreover,the soluble protein content in the leaves of different genotypes tended to decrease under shading.Further,the protective enzyme activities in the leaves varied in different rice genotypes under the shading treatment.Based on the osmotic regulation substance content and the protective enzyme activities in the leaves of different rice genotypes,it was concluded that Gangyou 188 and Gangyou 527 had strong abilities to adapt to the low light conditions.In addition,the mechanism of damage to rice leaves in different genotypes under shading was discussed.     

Proceedings of the 2013 Joint JSTP/NTP Satellite Symposium

The first joint Japanese Society of Toxicologic Pathology (JSTP) and National Toxicology Program (NTP) Satellite Symposium, entitled “Pathology Potpourri,” was held on January 29^th at Okura Frontier Hotel in Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, in advance of the JSTP’s 29^th Annual Meeting. The goal of this Symposium was to present current diagnostic pathology or nomenclature issues to the toxicologic pathology community. This article presents summaries of the speakers’ presentations, including diagnostic or nomenclature issues that were presented, select images that were used for audience voting or discussion, and the voting results. Some lesions and topics covered during the symposium include: treatment-related atypical hepatocellular foci of cellular alteration in B6C3F1 mice; purulent ventriculoencephalitis in a young BALB/c mouse; a subcutaneous malignant schwannoma in a RccHan:WIST rat; spontaneous nasal septum hyalinosis/eosinophilic substance in B6C3F1 mice; a rare pancreatic ductal cell adenoma in a young Lewis rat; eosinophilic crystalline pneumonia in a transgenic mouse model; hyaline glomerulopathy in two female ddY mice; treatment-related intrahepatic erythrocytes in B6C3F1 mice; treatment-related subendothelial hepatocytes in B6C3F1 mice; spontaneous thyroid follicular cell vacuolar degeneration in a cynomolgus monkey; congenital hepatic fibrosis in a 1-year-old cat; a spontaneous adenocarcinoma of the middle ear in a young Crl:CD(SD) rat; and finally a series of cases illustrating some differences between cholangiofibrosis and cholangiocarcinoma in Sprague Dawley and F344 rats.     

干腌火腿加工工艺对其风味物质的影响

风味物质赋予了干腌火腿独特的品性。在长时间腌制发酵过程中,火腿的加工工艺方式将影响生产出的现代化火腿中风味物质的成分,从而影响火腿的质量及口感。尤其是加工过程中温度、湿度和盐含量等参数的控制,与火腿中优良风味物质的形成及火腿品性的提升有着密切的联系。     

不同灌溉方式对初烤烟叶内在品质的影响

[目的]研究不同灌溉方式对烤后烟叶化学成分、致香物质含量及感官评吸质量的影响。[方法]采用田间试验,设浇灌和喷灌2个处理。浇灌处理分别在团棵期(5月26日)、旺长期(6月18日)各人工根灌1次,灌水量1 kg/(株.次);喷灌处理在团棵期(5月26日)进行人工根灌1次,灌水量1 L/株。[结果]与浇灌方式相比,喷灌处理极显著提高中上部位烟叶主要致香物质,中橘三(C3F)等级烟叶主要致香物质非挥发性有机酸、挥发性有机酸、石油醚提取物、新植二烯、中性致香物质总量分别增加24.4%、32.6%、20.7%、33.8%、26.3%,上橘二(B2F)等级烟叶主要致香物质非挥发性有机酸、挥发性有机酸、石油醚提取物、新植二烯、中性致香物质总量分别增加16.3%、6.0%、6.1%、10.8%、8.1%;极显著降低中上部位烟叶烟碱含量,提高烟气协调性、醇和性及持火力。[结论]烤烟生产中,微喷灌技术是一种改善烤后烟叶内在品质的重要途径,在季节性干旱频繁烟区,烟草微喷灌溉可有效解决烟叶成熟期气候干旱导致烟叶品质下降的问题。     

银耳废料综合利用及其应用前景

综述了银耳废料的产生及利用现状、综合利用途径等,并详细阐述了银耳废料中的生物活性物质,以期为银耳废料的合理应用提供科学依据.     

引黄滴灌条件下混配水对堵塞物质表面特征的影响

为探明引黄滴灌条件下黄河水与微咸水混配对滴灌系统灌水器堵塞物质表面特征的影响,选择黄河水（YR）、微咸水（SW）以及黄河水和微咸水1∶1混配水（MW）3种水源,针对灌水器流道内易形成堵塞物质的位点,进行堵塞物质形成过程的模拟培养,借助三维白光干涉形貌仪观测并分析灌水器内部堵塞物质的表面形貌及变化特征,结果表明：黄河水与微咸水混配后堵塞物质表面凸起少,较为平坦;堵塞物质的厚度、表面均方根偏差、表面展开面积比率显著降低。其中,系统运行结束时（800h）,混配水条件下堵塞物质的平均厚度为4.39μm,分别比黄河水、微咸水条件下低65.32%、32.51%,这充分说明黄河水和微咸水混配后可有效缓解灌水器堵塞。     

里氏木霉利用玉米秸秆形成类胡敏酸（HAL）的特异性研究

为探明里氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)在腐殖化过程中,不同培养时间下利用玉米秸秆得到的培养产物(HLS)的碱提取物——类胡敏酸(HAL)的结构特征是否具有与土壤胡敏酸相似的特异性,通过固体培养的方式模拟秸秆堆肥,在玉米秸秆中添加里氏木霉进行为期30 d的腐殖化培养,并以灭菌后不添加微生物的处理作为对照,在培养的0、15、30 d采样观察研究。通过元素组成、红外光谱及差热的技术手段对里氏木霉利用玉米秸秆形成的类胡敏酸(HAL)进行分析,与土壤的胡敏酸(HA)比较观察其特异性。对比CK,在模拟腐殖化的过程中,接种里氏木霉可以显著改变其HAL的结构特征,其芳香性/脂族性的比例变化符合多酚学说。里氏木霉可以在30 d内将HAL的元素结构集中在O/C=0.528、H/C=1.322左右,与土壤HA的O/C值、H/C值差异缩减了71.08%、49.25%,使其更加接近土壤HA的结构特征。总体来看,里氏木霉在分解矿化玉米秸秆中纤维素和木质素的同时,可以有效促进玉米秸秆向腐殖质的转化,其形成的HAL的结构变化支持了多酚学说。里氏木霉培养下的HAL可随着腐殖化培养时间的增加,与土壤HA的结构特征差异持续缩小,逐渐具有特异性。     

外源物质对化学封顶棉花农艺性状及产量形成的调控效应

为了探明不同外源物质对化学封顶棉花生长及产量形成的调控效应,在田间试验条件下,以北疆大面积推广种植的‘新陆早57号’为试验材料,在化学封顶后,叶面喷施辛酸甲酯(MC)、油菜素内酯(BR)、复硝酚钠(CSN)、萘乙酸钠(NAA) 4种外源物质,设清水(Blank)对照,研究4种外源物质对化学封顶棉花农艺性状、生物量积累及产量形成的影响。结果表明,4种不同剂量的外源物质叶面喷施后,棉花各项农艺性状和产量形成指标响应具有明显的剂量效应。不同剂量外源物质在喷药后15 d、30 d均能使植株生物量提高,显著高于空白对照,且30 d时,75 m L/hm~2MC、15 m L/hm~2BR、150 m L/hm~2MC、15 m L/hm~2NAA和75 m L/hm~2CSN处理效果较好。喷施各外源物质后,各处理的单株成铃数、单铃重、衣分及增产率均高于空白处理;处理75 m L/hm~2MC、15 m L/hm~2BR、150 m L/hm~2MC和7.5 m L/hm~2CSN下,籽棉产量提高;其中75 m L/hm~2MC效果最佳,较Blank籽棉产量提高了25.88%。结果表明外源物质可在一定程度上显著提高化学封顶棉花农艺性状及产量,在本研究条件下75 m L/hm~2的辛酸甲酯处理效果最佳,15 m L/hm~2油菜素内酯、150 m L/hm~2辛酸甲酯次之。     

寄主植物挥发物与粘虫板对林间苹小吉丁引诱效果评价

【目的】评价植物挥发性物质对苹小吉丁Agrilus mali Masumura林间引诱效果,为有效地监测苹小吉丁林间发生动态及成虫诱杀为主的绿色防控提供技术支撑。【方法】在野外苹果园内悬挂4种波长粘虫板与5种挥发物组合,评价林间引诱苹小吉丁效果。【结果】4种颜色粘虫板与5种挥发物组合对苹小吉丁在林间的引诱效果存在显著差异,其中顺-3-己烯醇分别与蛋黄色和浅绿色粘虫板组合对苹小吉丁的引诱效果较强,3 d 最大引诱数量分别达到66.00、63.00头/张,3 d 平均引诱数量分别为24.67、22.48头/张,与其它挥发物相比均有显著差异(P<0.05),雌虫的诱捕数量明显高于雄虫。苹小吉丁引诱数量在一定剂量范围内,随着挥发物剂量的增加呈现降低趋势。【结论】苹小吉丁对蛋黄色粘虫板与浅绿色粘虫板具有较好的趋向性,顺-3-己烯醇对粘虫板具有增效作用。蛋黄色或浅绿色粘虫板与顺-3-己烯醇组合,可作为苹小吉丁林间种群动态监测的手段。