Modulation of K+ channels by Ca2+ and pH in regulatory volume decrease

It has been widely appreciated that animal cells rely on the mechanism of regulatory volume decrease(RVD) after swell in a hypotonic environment. Activation of K channels is crucial in the process of self-protection. There are a characterized increase in cytoplasmic Ca and a decrease in pH in the process of RVD in many cell types. Ca entry via transient receptor potential(TRP) channel is crucial for the cytoplasmic Ca increase, which in turn induces the decrease in pH.The increase in cytoplasmic Ca and decrease in pH activate or inhibit the activity of K channel, respectively. In this review, the regulatory network at cellular level between cytoplasmic Ca and pH, and the modulation of K channels by Ca and pH in the process of RVD are discussed.     

Characterization and partial purification of a bacteriocin‐like substance produced by thermophilic Bacillus licheniformis H1 isolated from cow manure compost

The production and partial characterization of bacteriocin‐like substances (BLSs) produced by bacteria isolated from cow manure compost were investigated. Eight BLS producers, which exhibited inhibitory activity against pathogenic bacteria, were isolated from cow manure compost at different stages of the composting process. The pile temperature ranged from 9.1°C to 73.2°C. The BLSs showed thermostability, but the BLS producers were not thermostable except for the H1 producer. Thermophilic Bacillus licheniformis H1 was further characterized. The culture supernatant of B. licheniformis H1 exhibited antagonistic activity against various species of Gram‐positive bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes ATCC19111 but not against Gram‐negative bacteria except Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC11251. Inactivation of bacteriocin‐like activity by α‐chymotrypsin, trypsin, and papain was highly significant (P < 0.001). The BLS was found to be stable under a pH range from 3 to 9 and at temperatures up to 75°C for 60 min, but it lost activity after being autoclaved at 121°C for 15 min. The optimum production of BLS by B. licheniformis H1 was obtained at a temperature of 55°C. Sodium dodecyl sulfate – polyacrylamide electrophoresis analysis of concentrated partially purified supernatants collected after resting the bacterial cells at 55°C revealed a bacteriocin‐like protein with a molecular mass of approximately 3.5 kDa. This study is the first report of a BLS from thermophilic B. licheniformis with an animal compost origin.     

红树内生细菌菌株Kc-38的抗菌物质及对采后芒果炭疽病的防效

Kc-38菌株是本实验室从红树植物秋茄Kandelia candel体内分离得到的内生细菌,对峙生长法测定发现该菌株对芒果炭疽病菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides和枯萎病菌Fusarium oxysporum等多种植物病原菌具有较强的抑制作用.根据菌体形态、培养特性、生理生化反应及16S rDNA序列分析将该菌株初步鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.该菌株对芒果炭疽病具有良好的防效,用菌株发酵液及发酵上清液处理9d后,对采后芒果炭疽病的防效分别达到65.12%和62.79%.进一步研究表明,其分泌的胞外抗菌物质为一类对热稳定和抗紫外照射的蛋白类物质,在pH2.0～11.0范围内均具有抑菌作用,以pH2.0～8.0范围内的抗菌活性较强.     

管理调控措施对土壤盐分分布和作物体内盐分离子吸收的作用

通过盆栽试验 ,研究了不同管理调控措施包括施肥、灌溉、应用化学改良剂对盐渍土壤盐分分布和作物体内盐分离子吸收和分布的作用机制。结果表明 ,施用化学肥料可增大土壤电导率 ;灌水量增加可降低土壤电导率 ;施用改良剂CaSO4早期可引起土壤表层电导率升高 ,但到作物生长中、后期已与不施改良剂的相近。施肥、灌溉改善了作物生长条件 ,提高了作物的抗盐害能力。灌溉总量 375mm、三天一次的灌溉方式在降低土体盐分浓度、抑制土壤碱化方面优于两天一次的灌溉方式。大麦具有将Na 截留在茎中 ,从而减少Na 对叶片伤害的功能。大麦茎和叶中的Cl-含量都高于K 和Na 含量 ,显示较多的Cl-通过根部向地上部运输。在增加植株中K 含量、降低Na 含量 ,减轻植株盐分离子胁迫方面改良剂表现出良好的调控效果     

甜菜硝酸还原酶活性研究

试验表明,甜菜幼苗期至叶丛快速生长期,叶片中的NR活性迅速上升至最高水平,以后缓慢下降,到糖分积累期迅速下降到最低水平。外源基质条件下NR活性较内源基质条件下高出10倍至几10倍,在高氮条件下NR活性下降.甜菜具有极高的NO_3~-还原潜力。叶片中还原糖含量和NR活性在整个营养生长期均表现为负相关,蔗糖含量与NR活性在糖分积累期呈显著负相关,含氮率与NR活性在各生育时期均呈正相关。外源基质对NR活性的影响随施氮量提高而下降。     

几种水果储藏前后营养物质含量的比较研究

采用分光光度法、折光法、2,6-二氯靛酚滴定法、EDTA滴定法,测定了凯特杏、珍珠杏、蓝莓等5种水果储藏前后碳水化合物、有机酸、维生素C、可溶性固形物及钙的含量.结果表明,水果在储藏一段时间后各种营养成分的含量有较大变化,其口感也会发生较大的改变.     

元宝枫生药学研究

本文对元宝枫的根皮、幼芽、叶、嫩枝、果实进行了组织学观察研究。并对各部位所含鞣质进行了定性测定。对种仁所含蛋白质、油进行了显微化学测定。     

山西天然草地主要有毒植物

山西省天然草地中有毒植物有３５科９１属１４８种，其中以亚高山草甸类草地中出现较多，占总产草量的１５％－１８．１％。文章就山西天然草地上出现数量较多，易引起家畜中毒的植物，从生态分布、有毒成分及对家畜的危害等方面进行了研究，并提出了防除的建议。     

桃叶卫矛种子休眠、催芽及芽苗移栽技术的探讨

桃叶卫矛是优良的观赏树种。作者揭示了它的种子休眠主要是由于种皮、胚乳含有抑制物。通过试验得出结论,低温层积30d或混雪层积40d,再转入高温催芽,效果最好。同时探讨了利用间苗时的芽苗移栽技术,以求经济、合理的利用种子,降低苗木成本。