Relationship Between the First Base of the Donor Splice Site of Waxy Gene Intron 1 and Amylose Content in Yunnan Indigenous Rice Varieties

There exists a single nucleotide polymorphism, G or T, at the first base of the donor splice site of waxy gene intron 1 in rice. In order to study the relationship between the first base of the donor splice site of waxy gene intron 1 and amylose content in rice, the one-step PCR method was used to determine whether it is G or T in 220 Yunnan indigenous rice varieties from 14 districts, 55 towns/counties of Yunnan Province, and 101 varieties of which were validated by the PCR-Acc I method. According to the G/T polymorphism, 164 rice varieties showed GG-genotype, while the other 56 fell into TT-genotype, accounting for 74.5% and 25.5% of all the test varieties, respectively. When all the rice varieties were divided into indica and japonica subspecies, it was found that 80.5% of indica rice and 67.0% of japonica rice belonged to GG-genotype. The rice varieties with GG-genotype had significantly higher amylose content (18.95% on average) than those with TT-genotype (all below 16%), but 33 rice varieties with GG-genotype still had low amylose content ranging from 3.91% to 15.93%, and most of them came from the Dai minority area in the Southwest of Yunnan Province. However, there was no significant difference in the mean amylose content of the same GG or TT genotypes between indica and japonica rice, suggesting that different genetic backgrounds, indica or japonica, had no effect on amylose content. The coefficient of correlation between the genotype and amylose content was 0.733 (P<0.01).     

三峡库区玉米地方品种产量性状的遗传潜势分析

从三峡库区征集到72份玉米地方品种并分别与改良兰卡斯特和改良瑞德血缘自交系进行测配，利用测交结果对玉米地方品种的遗传潜势进行分析。研究表明，单株粒重、穗长、穗行数、行粒数和百粒重在72份玉米地方品种间存在一定的遗传变异，决定品种间遗传变异的主导因子是加性效应。在72份玉米地方品种中通过选择有可能获得单株粒重和百粒重较高、果穗较长、穗行数和行粒数较多的品种，通过遗传改良获得长穗大粒、穗行数和行粒数多的材料或自交系的可能性也较大。     

张家口市污水处理厂植物景观设计

以张家口市污水处理厂植物景观设计为例,通过对工厂环境设计理念的分析,介绍了在厂区不同区域采用适宜的植物品种及各具特色的植物配植方式,通过植物造景来营造一个清新、优美、舒适的现代花园式厂区环境.     

把说课引入高师试讲环节的教学实践

说课属于基础教育中一种新型的集体备课或教研活动形式.近年来,由于其在丰富教师备课内容、提高课堂教学效果、促进教学质量提高等方面的突出作用,已引起教育界的广泛关注和迅速推广,并日渐成为提高教师素质的一种有效手段.教学实践证明,把说课引入高师试讲环节,对于提高高师学生的职业技能是十分有效的.     

吉林省不同生态区玉米施氮效果与氮肥利用效率差异

整理2005—2013年吉林省"3414"田间试验,选取不施氮和推荐施氮处理数据,研究不同生态区玉米的氮肥施用效果和肥料利用效率现状,探讨区域差异及其影响因素。结果显示,吉林省不同生态区的玉米产量水平差异显著,总体上以中部半湿润平原区最高,其次是东部湿润山区,西部半干旱平原区相对较低。不同生态区玉米施氮效果也存在差异,其中东部最高,施氮的平均增产量与增产率分别为2.44 t hm-2和38.4%,其次为中部(2.40 t hm-2,34.3%),西部则显著偏低(2.21 t hm-2,33.4%)。相比中、西部地区,东部地区玉米的氮肥利用效率显著较高,其平均氮肥农学利用率、偏生产力和肥料贡献率分别为16.6 kg kg-1、65.9 kg kg-1和25.0%。随不施氮处理产量的提高,各生态区施氮处理产量均呈上升趋势而氮肥贡献率呈下降趋势,其中,西部地区的相对变幅较中、东部地区更为明显。可见,应根据区域气候环境条件和施氮响应特征对氮肥进行合理的配置与施用,建议吉林中部地区以维持作物需求为标准适当减少施氮量,东部地区可适度增加施氮量并配合栽培措施以消减光温资源不足对产量的限制,而西部地区应在培肥地力基础上推广高效节水用水技术,发挥水氮耦合效应以促进高产高效。     

Impacts of land use and plant characteristics on dried soil layers in different climatic regions on the Loess Plateau of China

A dried soil layer (DSL) formed in the soil profile is a typical indication of soil drought caused by climate change and/or poor land management. The responses of a soil to drought conditions in water-limited systems and the impacts of plant characteristics on these processes are seldom known due to the lack of comparative data on soil water content (SWC) in the soil profile. The occurrence of DSLs can interfere in the water cycle in soil-plant-atmosphere systems by preventing water interchanges between upper soil layers and groundwater. Consequently, a DSL may limit the sustainability of environmental restoration projects (e.g., revegetation, soil and water conservation, etc.) on the Loess Plateau of China and in other similar arid and semiarid regions. In this study, we investigated and compared the impacts of soil type, land use and plant characteristics within each of the three climatic regions (arid, semiarid, semihumid) of the Loess Plateau. A total of 17,906 soil samples from 382 soil profiles were collected to characterize DSLs across the Plateau.Spatial patterns of DSLs (represented by four indices: (1) DSL thickness, DSLT; (2) DSL forming depth, DSLFD; (3) mean SWC within the DSL, DSL-SWC; and (4) stable field water capacity, SFC) differed significantly among the climatic regions, emphasizing the importance of considering climatic conditions when assessing DSL variations. The impact of land use on DSLs varied among the three climatic regions. In the arid region, land use had no significant effect on DSLs but there were significant effects in the semiarid and semihumid regions (P < 0.05). The development of DSLs under trees and grasses was more severe in the semiarid region than in the semihumid region. In each climatic region, the extent of DSLs depended on the plant species (e.g., native or exotic, tree or grass) and growth ages; while only in the semiarid region, the DSL-SWC and SFC (P < 0.001) were significantly influenced by soil type. The DSL distribution pattern was related to the climatic region and the soil texture, which both followed gradients along the southeast-northwest axis of the Plateau. Optimizing land use can mediate DSL formation and development in the semiarid and semihumid regions of the Loess Plateau and in similar regions elsewhere. Understanding the dominant factors affecting DSLs at the regional scale enables scientifically based policies to be made that would alleviate the process of soil desiccation and sustain development of the economy and restoration of the natural environment. Moreover, these results can also be useful to the modeling of the regional water cycle and related eco-hydrological processes.     

抽穗后干旱复水对双季杂交晚稻产量形成和叶片δ13C及内源激素水平的影响

为探明生育后期干旱复水对双季杂交晚稻不同产量潜力品种产量的影响及其形成的生理机制,选择超级稻品种五丰优T025和对照品种金优207,于抽穗后进行干旱8d复水处理,分析了2个品种结实和产量、干旱前后倒二叶稳定碳同位素组成(δ13C)及内源激素含量的差异性。结果表明,干旱复水处理下2个品种水稻的结实率、千粒重及单株产量较对照(保持水层)表现出不同程度下降。其中,结实率五丰优T025和金优207分别下降12.07%和7.67%,千粒重下降5.23%和9.09%,单株产量下降13.54%和27.14%,差异均达显著或极显著水平,未发现产量补偿效应。抽穗后干旱处理下倒二叶δ13C值,五丰优T025大幅上升,复水后呈现出先下降,至第6天又开始上升的特点,金优207则大幅下降,复水后呈现先上升后下降再上升的特点,五丰优T025较金优207干旱复水处理与对照之间的差距更大。总体上,对照条件下,抽穗至其后20d,随生育推进,2个品种倒二叶内源ABA和GA₃含量呈上升而IAA含量则下降趋势,ZR表现出先上升再下降特点。干旱处理下2个品种表现为ABA含量上升,复水后呈先下降后上升特点,五丰优T025较金优207处理与对照之间差距更大;干旱复水处理条件下:2个品种IAA含量均下降,五丰优T025处理与对照间的差距明显小于金优207;五丰优T025 GA₃含量表现出先上升后下降再上升,金优207表现出干旱处理结束日急剧下降至最低点,复水后缓慢上升特点;2个品种ZR含量呈现出先上升至最高值再下降特点,五丰优T025较金优207处理与对照之间差距更小。抽穗后干旱处理将启动稻株体内抗衰老机制,复水后将在一定程度一定时间内激活稻株体内生长促进因子并抑制生长抑制因子,但其效果十分有限。     

几种新型木本切花在昆明的引种试种试验初报

定期观测所引进的银叶树（Leucadendron）、风轮花(Leucospermum)和风蜡花(Chamelaucium)各个品种的株高并记录物候、病虫害发生情况及越冬表现。结果表明：银叶树7月份生长量最大,11月停止,“旅途落日”比“纯金”早开始生长,且年生长量大于后者;风轮花的生长量在7—8月是高峰,平均每月长高5cm,但年生长量较小;风蜡花全年都在生长,7—8月是“粉色骄傲”的生长高峰,平均每月增高约20cm,“紫色骄傲”没有显著的生长高峰期。银叶树的抗病虫害能力和抗寒性较强,几个风轮花品种在抗病性及抗寒性方面的表现各不相同,风蜡花的抗寒性较强,“粉色骄傲”抗根茎部病害的能力强于“紫色骄傲”。     

推进新疆棉花产业发展对策

新疆地区依靠其适宜的自然条件,棉花生产占全国50%以上的产量,成为新疆重要的农业产业.但目前由于独特地理环境的限制,新疆棉花在品种培育、机械化生产、集约化规模化经营等方面还存在较大差距.因此,必须进一步合理规划布局南疆、北疆棉花主要品种,创建新疆棉花品牌;同时,要大力发展农业机械化,推进棉花产业集约化规模化专业化生产.     

广西早籼品种(组合)的稻米品质状况及改良目标

广西多数早籼品种(组合)的糙米率、精米率、粒长、粒形、糊化温度、胶稠度、蛋白质含量等指标。达到了农业部(NY122-86)二级优质食用稻米标准。但完整米率的达标率偏低,胚乳的垩白程度偏大,垩白粒率偏高,直链淀粉含量偏高,米粒的蒸煮延长性差。今后,早籼稻的品质育种应把提高完整米率,降低直链淀粉含量和提高胚乳的透明度作为品质改良的主攻目标。