Design of a hyperspectral nitrogen sensing system for orange leaves

The orange (Citrus sinensis) is one of the most important agricultural crops in Florida. Heavy reliance on agricultural chemicals and low fertilizer use efficiencies in citrus production have raised environmental and economic concerns. In this study, a nitrogen sensor was developed to predict nitrogen concentrations in orange leaves. Four design criteria were chosen to maximize the sensing efficiency and reliability. They were: (1) coverage of the spectral N sensing range, (2) no moving parts, (3) single leaf detection, and (4) diffuse reflectance measurement. Based on chlorophyll and protein spectral absorption bands, the sensor's wavelength ranges were chosen to be 620–950 nm and 1400–2500 nm. A reflectance housing was designed to block environmental noise and to ensure single leaf measurement. A halogen light source, two detector arrays, two linear variable filters, and data acquisition cards with 16-bit analog-to-digital converters were used to collect data. The designed N sensor had a spectral resolution less than 30 nm. Test results showed that the nitrogen sensor had good linearity (r > 0.99) and stability. With averaged signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 299, the system was able to predict N content with a root mean square difference (RMSD) of l.69 g kg⁻¹ for the validation data set. Using the N sensor, unknown leaf samples could be classified into low, medium and high N levels with 70% accuracy.     

付里叶变换近红外漫反射光谱分析仪器参数的确定

研究了FTNIRDRSA对FT光谱仪能量与分辩率的要求,也讨论了用于FTNIRDRSA的主要仪器参数(包括每个样品的扫描次数,动镜移动速度,每个光谱图的数据点与变换点数目,文件尺寸等)。     

土壤铁氧化物与腐殖质的交叉染色效应研究

土壤颜色是土壤分类、气候重建和环境遥感的重要指标。铁氧化物和腐殖质是土壤的两大致色组分,主导了土壤可见光波段的光谱响应特征。基于土壤中铁氧化物和腐殖质交叉致色效应不明确的问题,以高岭石(Kao)为基底,选取典型铁氧化物赤铁矿(Hm)和针铁矿(Gt)以及典型腐殖酸胡敏酸(Ha)和富里酸(Fa),基于高分辨率漫反射光谱方法(DRS),系统探讨了不同含量单一致色组分的光谱特征、颜色指数及其二元交叉干扰效应。结果表明,就单一组分的致色效应而言,红色Hm强于黄色Gt,黑色Ha强于棕色Fa;腐殖质加入对铁氧化物致色有明显影响,通常会使可见光波段平均反射率、明度(V)和彩度(C)降低,色调(H)偏黄,但Hm抗干扰能力大于Gt。Lab颜色系统的a^*、b^*以及DRS的红度(Red%)与黄度(Yellow%)对Hm和Gt含量变化敏感,可作为土壤铁氧化物定量反演的指标,但Ha的加入可导致Hm和Gt估值偏低,Fa对估值的影响较小,干扰形式与Hm和Gt的含量范围有关。基于此,本文给出不同腐殖酸含量条件下土壤Hm和Gt的估算公式,为理解土壤的颜色变化及铁氧化物定量提供重...     

玉米和大豆LAI高光谱遥感估算模型研究

以ASD FieldSpec光谱仪实测了不同生长季的大田玉米、大豆的冠层高光谱与作物的叶面积指数LAI。采用单变量线性与非线性拟合和逐步回归分析的方式,建立了玉米、大豆LAI高光谱遥感估算模型,并对模型的估算结果进行了初步分析。分析结果表明,绿光波段反射峰区、红光波段以及近红外区的单波段反射率与作物的LAI有较强的相关性,而其他波段的反射率与作物的LAI的相关性相对较弱;以高光谱的窄波段构造的NDVI和RVI与作物的LAI的相关程度高,回归模型的预测水平高;而以多波段逐步回归方式构造的统计模型的预测效果最好。     

基于光谱反射特征的草莓叶片含水率模型

以草莓为试材,通过对冠层叶片含水率与不同波段组成的水分指数(W_I)和归一化植被指数(N_(D,V,I))进行线性、指数、对数、幂函数以及多项式回归分析,研究了干旱(DT)、轻度干旱(MDT)、适量(AWT)及溢水(OWT)4种不同水分处理方式下草莓光谱反射特征与叶片水分状况之间的关系。研究结果显示:在不同生长时期下冠层叶片含水率的敏感波段分别为540、660、930、1 630、2 990、3 300 nm。草莓冠层叶片含水率与水分指数和归一化植被指数呈显著相关,决定系数分别达到0.834 3、0.874 7。并建立了预测草莓叶片含水率的预测模型,利用精度检验证明了预测模型的稳定性和敏感性。     

黄土的红外反射光谱与红外光声光谱特征及其差异研究

红外光谱法作为一种新的研究手段已经广泛应用于土壤分析,由其检测区域和手段的不同又可分为多种光谱类 型。本研究以第四纪黄土为例,系统地比较了近红外区和中红外区反射光谱和光声光谱的吸收特征及其差异。结果表明,中红外光谱比近红外光谱的信息更为丰富,且中红外光谱与样品中物质的特征吸收关系更加密切,从而更有利于土壤定性与定量分析。土壤的反射光谱和光声光谱表现出了明显不同的特征,在近红外区,反射光谱和光声光谱吸收明显不同,而在中红外区,反射光谱和光声光谱具有相对应的吸收,但相对吸收强度明显不同,且吸收峰的位置也发生改变,尤其在1 000 ~ 2 000 cm-1谱区,反射光谱相互干扰很强,而光声光谱的吸收特征更为明显。在黄土的分类鉴别上,反射光谱优于光声光谱。红外反射光谱和光声光谱在不同波段下具有不同的吸收灵敏度,在土壤定性与定量分析中各自都将具有其明显的优势。     

土壤含水率与光谱反射率的灰色关联分析

鉴于采用遥感技术监测土壤含水率可行性,利用实际测量的数据,通过灰色关联分析的方法确定了可见光范围监测土壤含水率的敏感波段,为大面积监测土壤含水率提供理论支持。     

Nitrogen deficiency effects on plant growth, leaf photosynthesis, and hyperspectral reflectance properties of sorghum

An experiment was conducted under outdoor pot-culture conditions to determine effects of nitrogen (N) deficiency on sorghum growth, physiology, and leaf hyperspectral reflectance properties. Sorghum (cv. DK 44C) was seeded in 360 twelve-litre pots filled with fine sand. All pots were irrigated with half-strength Hoagland's nutrient solution from emergence to 25 days after sowing (DAS). Thereafter, pots were separated into three identical groups and the following treatments were initiated: (1) the control (100% N) continued receiving the half-strength nutrient solution; (2) reduced N to 20% of the control (20% N); and (3) withheld N from the solution (0% N). Photosynthetic rate (Pn), chlorophyll (Chl) and N concentrations, and hyperspectral reflectance of the uppermost, fully expanded leaves were determined at 3- to 4-day-interval from 21 to 58 DAS during the N treatments. Plants were harvested 58 DAS to determine effects of N deficiency on leaf area (LA), biomass accumulation, and partitioning. Nitrogen deficiency significantly reduced LA, leaf Chl content and Pn, resulting in lower biomass production. Decreased leaf Pn due to N deficiency was mainly associated with lower stomatal conductance rather than carboxylation capacity of leaf chemistry. Among plant components of dry weights, leaf dry weight had the greatest and root dry weight had the smallest decrease under N deficiency. Nitrogen-deficit stress mainly increased leaf reflectance at 555 (R₅₅₅) and 715 nm (R₇₁₅) and caused a red-edge shift to shorter wavelength. Leaf N and Chl concentrations were linearly correlated with not only the reflectance ratios of R₄₀₅/R₇₁₅ (r² = 0.68^***) and R₁₀₇₅/R₇₃₅ (r² = 0.64^***), respectively, but also the first derivatives of the reflectance (dR/dλ) in red edge centered 730 or 740 nm (r² = 0.73–0.82^***). These specific reflectance ratios or dR/dλ may be used for rapid and non-destructive estimation of sorghum leaf Chl and plant N status.     

近红外光谱技术在兽药检测中的应用前景

综述了近红外光谱法的基本原理和发展,以及近红外光谱技术在药物检测中的应用现状,并对其在兽药检测中的应用前景进行展望.     

Spectral dependence of photosynthesis and light absorptance in single leaves and canopy in rose

Little is known about the effects of leaf pigmentation (related to leaf ontogeny), on the spectral dependence of photosynthesis and most observations have been limited so far to single leaves. This study aimed to investigate photosynthesis and the related optical properties of two types of rose leaves, young reddish leaves and middle age green leaves, and to quantify the spectral dependence of photosynthesis at the canopy level.