Changes in sugar,ash and minerals in four guava cultivars during ripening

Investigation of four guava cultivars showed that when the fruits were harvested at different stages of growth and development, total sugars increased slowly during the initial growing period followed by rapid increase during maturation and repining for all cultivars. The maximum level varied from 7.5 to 26.9%. Individual sugars: (fructose, glucose and sucrose) increased slowly during the initial growing period followed by rapid increase during maturation and ripening for all cultivars. The cultivars differed in their final sugar content; fructose varied from 5.6 to 7.7%, glucose from 1.9 to 18.1%, and sucrose from 6.2 to 7.8%. Total ash for all cultivars decreased slowly during the initial growing period followed by a sudden increase in the latter stage of maturation and ripening, with maximum level varying from 5.2 to 7.9%. Minerals: Ca, Mg, Na, K and P, for all cultivars decreased slowly during all stages of development. These results suggest that when guava fruits were picked 106–126 days after fruit set it ensures sufficient amount of total sugars and appreciable amount of minerals.     

Mineral balances in humans as affected by fructose,high fructose corn syrup and sucrose

The utilization of selected minerals when sugars were supplemented to basal diets was investigated in two separate, laboratory-controlled human feeding studies. Fructose-fed subjects had higher fecal excretions of iron and magnesium than did subjects fed sucrose. Apparent iron, magnesium, calcium, and zinc balances tended to be less positive during the fructose feeding period as compared to balances during the sucrose feeding period. Conversely, high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) did not affect the mineral balances when compared to sucrose feeding. Subjects fed fructose experienced diarrhea which possibly decreased absorption of minerals and thus increased fecal mineral losses. No such adverse effects were noticed when HFCS was fed.     

Sugars of the unfermented sap and the wine from the oil palm,Elaeis guinensis,tree

The sugar composition of the unfermented sap from oil palm (Elaeis guinensis) trees growing in the plantations of the Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research, Benin City, has been determined. While sucrose concentration ranges from 9.59 to 10.59% (w/v) in the pure unfermented sap, that of either glucose or fructose is much less than 1% (w/v) (0.13–0.73% w/v). Raffinose occurs in traces only (0.13–0.35 w/v). These results were derived from our improved methods which eliminate completely, or reduce to a bare minimum, fermentation of the sap during collection. The variation with time of storage of the individual sugars in the sap during fermentation to form palm wine reveals that, as sucrose steadily decreases, fructose reaches a peak at 1.51% (w/v) at the 9th hour, and thereafter declines, while glucose and raffinose remain continuously low; all sugars disappear beyond the 33rd hour. Concomittantly, pH decreases from pH 6.60 at zero time and stabilizes at pH 3.30 after 48 h, while titrable acidity increases continuously up until the 96th hour. These changes account for the variations in the quality of palm wine during storages.     

不同生态区抗虫杂交棉稀植留叶枝效应研究

以江苏大丰和山东惠民为试点,研究了不同生态条件下抗虫杂交棉去、留叶枝处理及其与密度的互作效应。结果表明:在一定密度范围内,留叶枝处理对株高有一定的抑制作用,而对果枝数没有明显影响,不同密度处理对单株叶枝数影响不大,但随着密度的增加,有效叶枝数减少;除大丰试点最高密度处理外,不同密度下留叶枝处理的皮棉产量均高于去叶枝处理,大丰和惠民两试点分别平均增产5.41%和12.90%;大丰试点以1.8万株/hm2留叶枝处理组合最优,其次为2.4万株/hm2留叶枝处理组合,惠民试点则以3.75万株/hm2留叶枝处理组合产量最高,其次为4.2万株/hm2留叶枝处理组合。研究结果进一步表明,结合稀植简化整枝栽培技术推广杂交棉,是实现杂交棉高产高效的重要手段。     

Variation in Contents of Total Phenolics and Flavonoids and Antioxidant Activities in the Leaves of 11 <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eriobotrya</Emphasis> Species

Eriobotrya plants are known to have significant amounts of phenolics and flavonoids, and exhibit a strong antioxidant activity. Experiments were conducted to examine variation in the contents of total phenolics and flavonoids, and antioxidant activities in the leaves of 11 Eriobotrya species (Tibet loquat, Daduhe loquat, Hengchun loquat, Taiwan loquat, Oak leaf loquat, Bengal loquat, Fragrant loquat, Guangxi loquat, Obovate loquat, Big flower loquat, and common loquat, the last species include two materials, one is a cultivar ‘Zaozhong 6’, another is a wild tree). In these species, ‘Zaozhong 6′ loquat is a cultivar. The leaf extracts of ‘Tibet’, ‘Obovate’, ‘Taiwan’, ‘Bengal’ and ‘Hengchun’ loquats exhibited significantly higher contents of total flavonoids and total phenolics, compared with those of other species. Of these 11 species, the highest contents of total phenolics and total flavonoids were observed in ‘Tibet’ and ‘Obovatae’ loquats, respectively. The significantly stronger antioxidant abilities assessed by the DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power were obtained in the leaf extracts of ‘Taiwan’, ‘Tibet’, ‘Bengal’, ‘Oak leaf’, ‘Hengchun’ and ‘Obovate’ loquats, compared with the other species. In addition, significant correlations were found between the contents of total phenolics or flavonoids and DPPH radical scavenging activity/reducing power. This work indicates that the leaf extracts of the wild Eriobotrya species, ‘Tibet’, ‘Obovatae’, ‘Taiwan’, ‘Bengal’, ‘Oak leaf’ and ‘Hengchun’ loquats, exhibited significantly higher levels of total phenolics and flavonoids, and significantly stronger antioxidant activities, compared with the cultivated species, ‘Zaozhong 6′ loquat, which suggests that these wild species have a better utilization value.     

浅谈大豆连作减产的障碍因子及综合治理

大豆是黑龙江省的主栽作物,每年的播种面积在350万hm2左右。由于大豆连作面积不断扩大,导致养分消耗失衡,土壤理化性质恶化,产量下降。因此提倡使用优质抗病品种、种子处理和合理施肥等综合技术措施。     

绿茶活性成分在酵母发酵过程中的代谢动力学研究

通过对绿茶发酵过程中还原糖、茶多酚、儿茶素及有机酸的检测,以及对pH、糖度的分析,发现在发酵开始的12-24 h多酚和表型儿茶素含量迅速下降,菌体中儿茶素积累增加,部分儿茶素被酵母吸收利用;在发酵过程中几种有机酸的含量均有不同程度的增加。总糖和pH随发酵的进行而下降,还原糖的含量在48 h前均显上升趋势。     

红菇子实体多糖的提取及其抗氧化活性研究

通过正交实验法优化了红菇子实体多糖热水浸提法的条件为水料比30,浸提温度60℃,浸提时间3h.在此提取条件下,提取率为4.33％.粗多糖经过DEAE-纤维素阴离子交换柱层析得到D1、D2、D3和D4四个组分.研究了红菇粗多糖及其各组分的还原能力、对·OH的清除作用以及清除NO2-的作用,以此来评价该多糖的抗氧化活性.结果表明,红菇多糖具有一定的还原力,对·OH具有明显的清除作用,在体外模拟胃液条件下对NO2-有一定的清除作用.     

避雨栽培对川农泡椒1号品质的影响

以川农泡椒1号为试验材料,研究遮阳网+薄膜、遮阳网和露地3种栽培模式对川农泡椒1号品质的影响。试验结果表明,在夏季采用避雨栽培后,辣椒品质有所下降,其中VC、还原糖的含量均极显著低于对照,总糖含量差异不显著。而在避雨栽培的两种模式中,遮阳网+薄膜模式比遮阳网模式VC含量高5.4%,差异显著;还原糖高10.8%,差异极显著;总糖高0.8%,差异不显著。     

化肥氮磷优化减施对水稻产量和田面水氮磷流失的影响

为探讨氮(N)、磷(P)减量对降低稻田养分地表径流损失风险的影响,以毛里湖稻区为研究对象,连续两年(2016—2017年)进行田间小区试验,研究化肥氮磷优化减施对水稻产量和生长期内田面水N、P动态变化特征及径流流失的影响。结果表明:常规施肥处理(CF)和有机替代20%化肥N处理(0.8FN+0.2ON)稻田田面水总氮(TN)、NH₄⁺-N和总磷(TP)浓度在施肥后迅速达到峰值,之后逐渐下降。而控释氮肥减N处理能有效减缓N素释放速度,田面水N素流失量远低于CF处理,且磷肥减量处理TP流失量低于CF处理。与CF处理相比,控释氮肥减N 20%(0.8N)和控释氮肥+过磷酸钙减量20%(0.8NP)处理水稻两年平均分别增产5.55%、3.22%,N素累积量分别提高19.01%、13.66%,氮肥偏生产力分别显著提高31.94%、28.83%,氮肥农学利用率分别提高47.52%、33.75%,氮肥吸收利用率分别提高95.30%、73.31%。0.8NP处理较0.8N处理水稻磷肥偏生产力两年平均显著提高22.08%,而0.8FN+0.2ON处理较CF处理...