海南豇豆蚜对敌敌畏、三氟氯氰菊酯、辛硫磷和氰戊菊酯的敏感性测定

就海南省崖城、金江、通什和两院地区豇豆上的豇豆蚜对敌敌畏、三氟氯氰菊酯、辛硫磷和氰戊菊酯的敏感性进行了初步调查与研究。试验结果表明,不同地区豇豆蚜对敌敌畏、三氟氯氰菊酯、辛硫磷和氰戊菊酯的敏感性存在明显差异。崖城和金江两地区豇豆蚜种群对三氟氯氰菊酯、辛硫磷、氰戊菊酯和DDV均表现出较强的抗药性。以两院地区豇豆蚜作为敏感品系,崖城和金江两地区豇豆蚜种群对三氟氯氰菊酯、辛硫磷、氰戊菊酯、DDV的LC50抗性比值分别为21.86倍、22.78倍、17.88倍、13.49倍和10.91倍、12.59倍、11.47倍和13.49倍。通什地区的豇豆蚜对三氟氯氰菊酯、辛硫磷、氰戊菊酯和DDV的抗性也有一定的提高,与两院种群LC50抗性比值分别为1.58倍、12.27倍、4.45倍和2.28倍。而且崖城、金江和通什地区豇豆蚜种群对三氟氯氰菊酯、辛硫磷、氰戊菊酯和DDV抗性种群的异质性很强。     

根癌农杆菌介导转Bt基因苎麻的获得及其抗虫鉴定

采用本研究室建立的根癌农杆菌介导的高效遗传转化体系,转化苎麻优良品种芦竹青,获得了转Bt基因苎麻候选植株。通过PCR和Southern杂交等分子检测,证明Bt基因已经整合到部分候选植株基因组中。选取PCR和Southern杂交均为阳性的部分株系(T₀)种植在大田,对这些植株进行室内抗虫鉴定并考察其主要农艺性状和品质性状,次年对T₁代植株进行PCR和Southern杂交检测。结果表明, 与对照相比,T₀代转Bt基因苎麻植株的抗虫性均强于对照,部分株系的抗虫性显著强于对照植株;且基本保持了亲本的优良性状;T₁代植株中也含有Bt基因,表明Bt基因能稳定遗传,且T₁代植株在大田的抗虫性明显强于非转基因植株。     

大豆胚尖不定芽对NaCl耐性的研究

以大豆胚尖为外植体,研究NaCl胁迫对大豆黑农37和吉育91胚尖不定芽形成的影响.结果表明,大豆胚尖诱导不定芽对NaCl胁迫反应较敏感,随着NaCl浓度的增高,两个基因型胚尖不定芽诱导率、芽数和芽长都显著降低,25mmol/L NaCl显著地抑制了黑农37胚尖不定芽的形成与生长.     

干酪乳杆菌LC2W细胞壁组分体外对巨噬细胞活性的影响

探讨干酪乳杆菌LC2W细胞壁组分体外对小鼠巨噬细胞功能的影响。以培养液单纯培养小鼠巨噬细胞系RAW264.7细胞作为对照,研究干酪乳杆菌LC2W细胞壁主要组分磷壁酸和肽聚糖对RAW264.7细胞代谢水平、吞噬中性红能力及释放NO的影响。不同浓度磷壁酸和肽聚糖对小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7细胞代谢MTT能力、吞噬中性红能力有明显增强作用,并呈一定的剂量效应,在相同质量浓度时,两种细胞壁组分激活巨噬细胞能力无显著差异。同时诱导产生NO量也随着浓度增大而增加,当浓度达到50μg/mL时,磷壁酸诱导能力显现出较高的水平。干酪乳杆菌LC2W细胞壁主要组分磷壁酸和肽聚糖能激活小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7细胞,提高其代谢水平及吞噬能力,同时可诱导具有杀瘤作用的活性因子,并具有一定的剂量效应。     

磺酰脲类除草剂药害规律的研究

采用作物主根长法测定了常用两种磺酰脲类除草剂对玉米（Zea mays L.)农大1236和豌豆（Pisum sativum L.）中碗6号的相对毒力，玉米试验结果表明，以IC50值比较，氯磺隆、胺苯磺隆对玉米的毒力较高，容易造成药害。豌豆试验结果表明，豌豆对氯磺隆和胺苯磺隆比玉米更敏感。离体玉米和豌豆ALS酶的研究表明，豌豆的ALS对两种磺酰脲类除草剂较玉米更敏感，氯磺隆对两种作物的ALS抑制作用也较胺苯磺隆强。     

不同类型小麦品种(系)农艺性状、生理指标与产量关系的多元统计分析

本文对不同类型小麦品种（系）的11个与产量密切相关的农艺性状,生理指标进行了主成分分析。11个原始指标综合成为三个独立的新指标,分别表示“光合同化因子”、“库与碳氮代谢因子”、“库与氮素营养因子”。主成分值与产量相关分析表明,小麦产量与第一、第二主成分值有极显著正相关关系。通过回归分析,建立了小麦产量与主成分值之间的回归方程。它能较好地反映不同类型品种的产量水平。     

甘蓝型黄籽双低杂交油菜新品种油研九号恢复系5862R的选育

以优良的甘蓝型油菜黑籽双低品系6003和黄籽双低高油分品系408作为基础材料，采用杂交有种程序，经过5年8代（含杂交当代）的连续定向选择，育成了黄籽频率达91.6%-96.2%。含油量46.7%-49.3%，芥酸0.68%-0.14%。硫甙24.6-39.14μmol/g,丰产性与中双4号相当的甘蓝型黄籽双低新品系5862R，并被用作恢复系组配成功一个甘蓝型黄籽双低杂交油菜新品种油研九号，于1998年通过贵州省审定，至2001年秋在长江流域各省已累计示范推广面积达4万公顷左右。     

NCT对小麦衰老生理的影响

以新合成的NCT配制成不同浓度的水溶液，对灌浆初期的大田小麦进行叶面喷施，以喷清水作对照，并以与NCT相同浓度梯度的NAA水溶液作对比处理，测定了喷后不同时期小麦旗叶的相对电导率、叶绿素含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力及丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果表明：NCT能延缓灌浆期SOD活力，使叶绿素含量降低，控制相对电导率和MDA含量的升高，并使小麦穗粒重和千粒重增加，其效果明显优于NAA。     

Isolation and characteristics of eight novel polymorphic microsatellite loci from the genome of garlic (Allium sativum L.)

Here we characterized eight novel polymorphic SSR markers, developed from an enriched genomic library of garlic (Allium sativum L.). These SSRs produced a total of 64 alleles across 90 garlic accessions, with an average of 8 alleles per locus. Values for observed (H_O) and expected (H_E) heterozygosity ranged from 0.16 to 0.77 (mean = 0.44) and from 0.22 to 0.86 (mean = 0.65), respectively. Six loci deviated significantly (P < 0.05) from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). The averages of gene diversity and PIC values were 0.65 and 0.62, respectively. The mean genetic similarity coefficient was 0.4380, indicating that among garlic accessions existed wide genetic variation. Based on 64 alleles obtained by 8 SSRs, a phenogram was constructed to understand the relationships among the 90 accessions. These newly developed SSRs should prove very useful tools for genotypes identification, assessment of genetic diversity and population structure in garlic.     

Processing tomato quality as affected by irrigation scheduling

In Southern Italy the paucity of water is a very important problem and due to the fundamental importance of the water for the processing tomato, in this study the influence of irrigation on processing tomato quality was investigated in the years 2002 and 2003. A hybrid processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. Mill cv. Ability) was treated with different water regimes obtained combining amount of water and irrigation interval. The effects of the trials were evaluated taking into account the physical and chemical characteristics of the fruits, as well as the content in antioxidants moieties. Furthermore, the relationship among all the quality parameters and the seasonal amount of irrigation water was evaluated.The results, comparing different water regimes obtained combining amount of water and irrigation interval, gave useful indications on the possibility to improve nutritional tomato quality by reducing irrigation water during tomato cropping. In particular, relatively to the Mediterranean areas of tomato cultivation and to the texture of the soil considered in this study, the best compromise between quality and quantity of the processing tomato fruit was achieved both with the extension of the irrigation interval (L40 or L60) and with the limitation of irrigation volume for the second part of the tomato crop cycle (thesis 100-50). Extending the irrigation interval and limiting irrigation volume for the second part of the tomato crop cycle, appeared to be the best management strategy to optimize the yield and nutritional quality of processing tomato.