家蚕谷胱甘肽硫-转移酶的组织分布及发育期变化规律

为明确家蚕谷胱甘肽硫-转移酶(GSTs)的生物学信息,对家蚕不同发育阶段GSTs的变化规律、5龄幼虫主要组织及不同品种间的GSTs活性差异进行了研究。家蚕GSTs在中肠、脂肪体、血淋巴、表皮、头部等组织中都有分布,脂肪体中GSTs活性最高,其次是中肠,头部最低。各发育阶段中,在由一种虫态变为另一种虫态的初始期GSTs活性较高,以后逐渐降低。在幼虫主要组织中GSTs活性5龄第3天最高,以后逐渐下降,至吐丝前达到较低的水平。抗性较强的夏秋蚕品种的GSTs活性高于春用蚕品种,杂交种的GSTs活性高于原种。研究结果提示家蚕GSTs活性与其组织器官的生理功能、品种抵抗性等相关联。     

小麦条锈菌新菌系贵22-9和贵22-14发展趋势与毒性分析

为掌握小麦条锈菌种群动态,于2010-2013年对采自甘肃省9个市(州)主栽和后备小麦品种苗期和成株期的条锈菌进行鉴定。结果表明,新菌系贵22-9与贵22-14逐年增长,变化极为显著,目前已经上升为优势生理小种。2010-2013年4a间,贵22-9的出现频率依次为4.09%、7.51%、11.79%和13.09%;而贵22-14依次为为0、6.97%、3.49%和9.4%,总体上二者均呈急速上升趋势。从毒性上分析,新菌系已经突破贵农、92R系和Moro等主要抗锈性材料。从变化趋势看,贵22-9与贵22-14极可能上升为流行小种。各育种单位应及早更换贵农系抗源材料,避免引起优势小种大流行。     

玉米对小斑病T小种抗性的遗传模型分析

用广义遗传模型方法,研究了玉米对小斑病T小种的抗性遗传特性.结果表明:玉米对小斑病T小种的核抗性主要受加性和显性效应控制,以显性效应为主.3个病害指标之间有极显著的正相关,相关性主要归因于加性效应,病斑数和病级之间还有显著的显性遗传相关.另外,根据遗传效应预测值对供试亲本作了评价。     

亚洲棉地理族系类型及其亲缘关系

本文研究的48个亚洲棉(G.arboreum L.)品种,分别属于六个地理族系(Geographical Races),用8个质量性状进行形态分类,获得32个类型。其中苏丹棉4类，印度棉7类，缅甸棉2类，垂铃株2类，孟加拉棉9类，中国棉8类。     

香蕉枯萎病菌1号和4号生理小种菌株侵染和定殖巴西蕉和粉蕉根系的观察

尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型1号和4号生理小种菌株对巴西蕉和粉蕉的致病性不同,其在巴西蕉和粉蕉根系的侵染和定殖过程是否不同仍未阐明。笔者将绿色荧光蛋白标记的1号（T320）和4号（B2-63）生理小种菌株分别接种巴西蕉和粉蕉,借助激光共聚焦显微镜观察侵染过程。发现这2个生理小种菌株菌丝均可沿巴西蕉和粉蕉根系表层细胞之间的凹槽生长,并进一步侵入维管束;而且B2-63侵入粉蕉根系维管束快于其侵入巴西蕉根系维管束。在接种T320 菌株15 d后,在轻微褐变的巴西蕉球茎组织中未观察到其菌丝体,而在褐变粉蕉球茎中可观察到。推测T320在粉蕉根系维管束中的扩展较其在巴西蕉根系维管束中的扩展容易。结果为进一步研究尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型生理小种与不同基因型香蕉的互作奠定基础。     

安徽省大豆品种资源抗大豆孢囊线虫5号小种鉴定研究

１９８６～１９９４年对安徽省９０４份大豆品种资源进行抗大豆孢囊线虫５号生理小种的鉴定，结果鉴定出５个抗病品种，抗性与粒色、花色、茸毛色关系密切，而与株高、生育期和百粒重等性状无关。     

大豆疫霉根腐病菌生理小种的鉴定及品种抗病性筛选

从黑龙江佳木斯，汤原，集贤，宾县，林口等县（市）采集大豆疫霉根腐病（Phytophthora sojae)标样，用V－8PBNIC选择性培养基分离获得18个P.sojae菌株，用国际上通过用13个单基因抗病的大豆品系，鉴定出5个生理小种，其中12个菌株为1号生理小种，占66．7％，为优势小种；另外还有13号生理小种和3个未报道的新生理小种，其毒力公式分别为3a,3b,3c,5,3b和1a,1d,3c,5,7。用1号生理小种接种和53个黄淮地区当前推广及待推广品种，结果表明抗病的30个，占鉴定品种的56．6％；感病的14个占26．4％；中间类型9个占17．0％。     

生物间遗传学原理在小黑豆类型品种抗胞囊线虫基因归类中的应用

采用生的间遗传学方法对哈尔滨中黑豆，长粒黑豆，小粒黑豆，磨石黑豆和连毛会黑豆与胞囊线虫１，２，３，４，５，９，１２和１４号生理小种相互关系进行了研究。试验结果表明，长粒黑豆品种与已知抗病因基因的Ｐｅｋｉｎｇ含有相同的抗病基因，哈尔滨小黑豆与ＰＩ９０７６３含有相同的基因，小粒黑豆比ＰＩ９０７６３多含抗大豆胞囊线虫１４号小种的基因，磨石黑豆比ＰＩ８８７８８缺少抗线虫１４号小种的基因。连毛会仅含有抗线虫     

A systematic review of the relationship between urban forest quality and socioeconomic status or race

The quantity of urban forests in cities is critical for biodiversity conservation and human health, and is known to be distributed unequally. Increasingly, the quality of urban forests are also being recognised as shaping the benefits they provide. Previous studies and reviews have demonstrated that the quality of urban green spaces is associated with patterns of inequality as measured by socio-economic status and race (in the U.S). This study extends this body of knowledge to urban forests by systematically reviewing the urban forest literature (that explicitly study the urban forest) exploring the relationship between urban forest quality and both socio-economic status and race. Two academic databases (SCOPUS and Web of Science) were systematically searched. A total of 2012 papers were screened and 21 articles were included in this study. Almost all studies (20/21) found evidence of inequality, with at least one significant association between measures of urban forest quality and socio-economic status or race. However, 6 studies found contrasting patterns, with lower socioeconomic status areas having higher urban forest quality. There was variation in the type of ‘urban forest’ studied, and variation in the ways both urban forest quality and socio-economic status were measured, making inter-study comparisons difficult. Interestingly, the literature was geographically diverse, and future research could continue to focus on countries in Africa, South America and Asia with diverse needs for and uses of urban forests. In conclusion, this review finds evidence for inequity in the distribution of urban forest quality. Future research that more clearly describes the urban forests being studied and that explores sociocultural variation in perceived quality would allow better generalisation and understanding of forest quality patterns.