基于 RAD-seq 的菜心 InDel 标记开发及应用

【目的】开发多态性丰富的的InDel分子标记,为菜心育种提供研究基础。【方法】以Chiifu-401-42的基因组序列为模板,利用4份菜心材料的RAD-seq重测序数据,在全基因组范围内鉴定InDel位点。利用生物信息学方法筛选4份菜心材料间具有潜在多态性的InDel位点,挑选分布于10条染色体的80个InDel位点设计引物,对55份菜心种质材料进行遗传多样评价。【结果】通过与参考基因组序列比对,在4份菜心材料的重测序数据中共鉴定出84 510个InDel位点,其中插入/缺失长度大于5 bp的3 609个InDel位点在4份菜心材料间具有潜在多态性。挑选80个InDel位点进行PCR扩增验证,58个（72.5%）在4份测序样品中具有多态性,在55份菜心种质材料中检测到133个等位位点,多态性信息含量（PIC）为0.263～0.618,平均值为0.443。基于InDel标记的检测结果可知,55份菜心种质的遗传相似系数在0.366～0.756,平均值为0.570;在遗传相似系数为0.564时55份菜心种质被分为4个类群,但各类群间的耐热性没有明显差异。【结论】本研究开发的InDel标记具有...     

Genetic divergence among gerbera accessions evaluated by RAPD

Genetic diversity was evaluated by RAPD markers and morpho-agronomic characters for a total of 42 accessions of Barberton daisy (Gerbera jamesonii) consisting of 29 commercial and 13 wild accessions. A total of 74 polymorphic bands were obtained employing a set of 12 primer pairs. The average genetic similarity coefficient for the 42 accessions, evaluated by Jaccard index was 0.55 ranging from 0.28 to 1.00. The genetic structure found among Barberton daisy accessions was evaluated by hierarchic classification analyses and UPGMA modeling, revealing six clusters of genotypes where two of them include the wild accessions and the remaining four including commercial material, except for wild genotype number 9. Shannon (H′) index was calculated using the molecular markers to investigate the genetic variation among the Gerbera accessions and showed higher values for the commercial cluster in comparison to the values obtained for the individuals from the non-commercial cluster, namely 0.34 versus 0.27, respectively. Therefore, both calculated indices (Jaccard and Shannon) indicated the presence of higher genetic variation among commercial accessions in comparison to the cluster representing non-commercial accessions, suggesting that genetic breeding programs may focus on commercial accessions to recombine interesting genotypes with commercially important and marketing-desired characteristics.     

SSR标记在小麦遗传育种中的应用研究进展

SSR(simple sequence repeat)标记是建立在PCR基础上的一种新型DNA分子标记。由于SSR在普通小麦中多态性丰富,随机分布于小麦的整个基因组中,多数表现为共显性,所以它是进行小麦遗传研究的理想工具。本文就SSR标记在构建小麦遗传连锁图谱、标记和定位目的基因、鉴定和标记染色体片段、鉴定品种、遗传多样性分析和标记辅助选择等方面的研究进展进行了综述。     

韩国大丽轮枝菌形态学及分子生物学特性的初步研究(英文)

通过显微镜观察对大丽轮枝黄萎病菌株进行初步分类,并对该菌种轮枝状分生孢子梗的形态进行详细描述,确认了微菌核的存在。筛选出快速鉴定该菌种的特异性引物Vd3/Vd4。同时,利用10对RAPD引物对实验菌株进行分析,结果表明,轮枝黄萎病菌种间存在着高度的遗传多样性。     

四川、山东小麦叶锈菌毒性与DNA多态性分析

本研究利用SSR标记对来自四川和山东两省的60个小麦叶锈菌株进行DNA多态性分析,同时利用小麦抗叶锈近等(单)基因系和已知所含抗叶锈基因的品系对这些菌株进行毒性分析。结果表明,菌株间相似系数较高且差异不大,为0.78～1.00,表明小麦叶锈菌所含毒性基因差异不大,菌株间亲缘关系较近。两省间/内小麦叶锈菌株的DNA多态性和毒性多态性丰富。小麦叶锈菌株的地理来源与毒性多态性有一定的相关性,而其地理来源、毒性多态性与DNA多态性不存在相关性。相同致病类型存在毒性差异,同一致病类型内遗传多态性丰富。     

Genetic Analysis and Preliminary Mapping of a Highly Male-Sterile Gene in Foxtail Millet（Setaria italica L.Beauv.） Using SSR Markers

Breeding of male-sterile lines has become the mainstream for the heterosis utilization in foxtail millet,but the genetic basis of most male-sterile lines used for the hybrid is still an area to be elucidated.In this study,a highly male-sterile line Gao146A was investigated.Genetic analysis indicated that the highly male-sterile phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene a single recessive gene.Using F 2 population derived from cross Gao146A/K103,one gene controlling the highly male- sterility,tentatively named as ms1,which linked to SSR marker b234 with genetic distance of 16.7 cM,was mapped on the chromosome VI.These results not only laid the foundation for fine mapping of this highly male-sterile gene,but also helped to accelerate the improvement of highly male-sterile lines by using molecular marker assisted breeding method.     

鹅肥肝形成的分子机理研究进展

鹅肥肝同鲟鱼翅酱、黑菌(块菰)被西方人誉为世界三大美食珍品。本文综述了近来年鹅肥肝形成的生化机理。不同鹅种产肝性能差异的原因，可能在生化及分子标记方面的研究进展。     

绵羊、山羊、岩羊和非洲羚羊RAPD的研究

作者用39个10碱基随机引物对绵羊、山羊、岩羊和非洲羚羊4个物种的池DNA进行了RAPD分析，共检出347条清晰条带，309条表现多态性，多态频率为89．05％。种属间的遗传距离指数和分子聚类关系表明，山羊和绵羊遗传亲缘关系最近，非洲羚羊表现出与山羊特别与绵羊较近的遗传亲缘关系，而岩羊则表现出与绵羊特别与山羊较远的遗传亲缘关系。     

随机扩增多态DNA（RAPD）技术在鹅育种上的应用

本文用4种引物（OPH5、OPH13、OPH16和OPF4）对隆昌鹅、太湖鹅和新太湖鹅进行基因组DNA、RAPD分析。结果表明：三种鹅都有特异性的条带,扩增DNA条带都表现为多态性,条带数为3-12条,大小范围在0.36-0.38kb之间,多态频率为72.14%;RAPD标记可作为一种辅助手段来比较鹅群体的遗传变异性,太湖鹅遗传变异性大于隆昌鹅;OPF-04很可能用作区分隆昌鹅与太湖鹅的标记性引物。     

草原红牛肉用性状微卫星标记研究

本研究选用草原红牛、草原红牛与利木赞牛杂交后代共计42头作为试验牛群体，以体尺、体重作为衡量其生长发育指标，进行肉牛肌肉度线性评分，并屠宰测定其肉用性能，利用SPSS软件分析了3个微卫星位点基因标记与生长性状、屠宰肉用、肌肉度线性评分性状的关系。结果表明，IDVGA46等位基因D（211bp）对3个肌肉度评分性状肩部、腰厚、大腿肌有负相关；等位基因B（205bp）在腰厚方面有正相关。等位基因F（249bp）对牛的胸深、坐骨端高等生长性状有正相关。BM1824等位基因C（211bp）对腿围性状、净肉率和净肉重性状均有正相关。IDVGA2等位基因C（209bp）对牛的肉用性能有负相关。